基于故障树的反应堆故障诊断及在报警系统中的应用
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摘要
随着核电技术日新月异的发展,核电的安全性控制成为备受瞩目的焦点。提高核电的安全性,需要从人因的角度改善核电站的控制系统。主控室作为人机接口最密集的场所,其设计技术的完善对于核电站的安全具有重要意义。目前国内对这一领域的研究尚未完善,如何实现数字化主控室系统的自主化研发,是我国核电发展的要求与方向。
主控室研究内涵丰富,本文立足于主控室设计的基本原则,重点开展基于故障树方法的核反应堆故障诊断技术的研究,并分析其在报警系统中的应用,另外,本文对核反应堆的主控室监控界面设计进行了初步设计。本文在这方面进行的研究对于数字化主控室的开发具有一定的实际意义。
本文的主要工作包括:
(1)分析了故障树方法在核反应堆故障诊断中的可行性,并重点分析了故障树的原理,提出了一种新的故障诊断推理策略,实例验证该诊断策略的准确性和快速性;
(2)遵循主控室设计准则,对核反应堆的人机监控界面进行了初步的研究与设计;
(3)对核反应堆的报警系统进行主要功能和信息处理的研究,设计了报警系统窗体,并探讨故障树分析法在报警系统中的应用。
Nowadays, safety of the nuclear power has become as focus of various sectors owning to its fast development. Safety improvement of the nuclear power calls for the consideration of human factors engineering. As a place of densely set human interface, the main control room with its new technology plays an important role of the nuclear power plant. However, research and design in this field still needs more study. Indigenous design of the digital main control room stands for the requirement and direction of the nuclear power in China.
Research of the main control room has a rich connotation. Based on the design criteria of the main control room, the thesis focuses on the studies and applications of the fault tree analysis on fault diagnosis of the nuclear reactor and its alarm system. Also, monitoring interface of the reactor has been studied and designed. The thesis has significant reference on development of the MCR.
The main contents of this thesis include the following parts:
(1) Make availability analysis of the FTA on reactor fault diagnosis, take emphasis on FTA principle, propose a new reasoning strategy based on FTA and examine its accuracy and efficiency through an example;
(2) Make primarily research and design of the human interface based on the rules of the MCR;
(3) Analyze function of the alarm system and its information processing, design the alarm window and study the FTA application in the alarm system.
主控室研究内涵丰富,本文立足于主控室设计的基本原则,重点开展基于故障树方法的核反应堆故障诊断技术的研究,并分析其在报警系统中的应用,另外,本文对核反应堆的主控室监控界面设计进行了初步设计。本文在这方面进行的研究对于数字化主控室的开发具有一定的实际意义。
本文的主要工作包括:
(1)分析了故障树方法在核反应堆故障诊断中的可行性,并重点分析了故障树的原理,提出了一种新的故障诊断推理策略,实例验证该诊断策略的准确性和快速性;
(2)遵循主控室设计准则,对核反应堆的人机监控界面进行了初步的研究与设计;
(3)对核反应堆的报警系统进行主要功能和信息处理的研究,设计了报警系统窗体,并探讨故障树分析法在报警系统中的应用。
Nowadays, safety of the nuclear power has become as focus of various sectors owning to its fast development. Safety improvement of the nuclear power calls for the consideration of human factors engineering. As a place of densely set human interface, the main control room with its new technology plays an important role of the nuclear power plant. However, research and design in this field still needs more study. Indigenous design of the digital main control room stands for the requirement and direction of the nuclear power in China.
Research of the main control room has a rich connotation. Based on the design criteria of the main control room, the thesis focuses on the studies and applications of the fault tree analysis on fault diagnosis of the nuclear reactor and its alarm system. Also, monitoring interface of the reactor has been studied and designed. The thesis has significant reference on development of the MCR.
The main contents of this thesis include the following parts:
(1) Make availability analysis of the FTA on reactor fault diagnosis, take emphasis on FTA principle, propose a new reasoning strategy based on FTA and examine its accuracy and efficiency through an example;
(2) Make primarily research and design of the human interface based on the rules of the MCR;
(3) Analyze function of the alarm system and its information processing, design the alarm window and study the FTA application in the alarm system.
引文
[1]王世亨.第四代核电站与中国核电的未来.中国论文服务网http://www.lunwenw.net/Html/dianli/19081675.html.
[2]国家自然科学基金会.核技术.北京:科学出版社,1991:163~163
[3]王日清等.秦山30万千瓦核电站全范围培训模拟器项目可行性报告.上海:上海交通大学.2005.
[4]史觊,蒋明瑜,郑健超,马云青.核电站仪表与控制(I&C)系统数字化关键技术研究现状.测控技术, 2004年第23卷第2期,29~32.
[5]欧阳予.国外核电技术发展趋势.中国核工业. 2006(1):23~26.
[6]王利生,王忠巍等.压水堆核电站主控室调研分析报告.上海:上海交大核电技术与成套装备工程技术研究中心,2005.
[7]郑明光,张琴舜等.核电厂先进控制室报警系统.核动力工程,2001, 22 (4): 354~358.
[8]周玲.先进的控制室报警系统研究.核动力工程,2002, 23 (2): 97~99.
[9]鄂加强.智能故障诊断及其应用.湖南:湖南大学出版社,2006:2~8.
[10] FRANK PM. New developments using AI in fault diagnose [J]. Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence. 1997,10 (1):3-14.
[11]张燕,周志伟,董秀臣.核电厂实时故障诊断专家系统的设计与实现.原子能科学技术,2006年7月,第40卷第4期,420~423.
[12] FRANK PM. Analytical and qualitative model-based fault diagnosis - a survey and some new results [J]. European Journal of Control. 1994, 39 (2): 441~447.
[13]闻新,张虹锁,周露.控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:3~10.
[14]宋华,王行仁等. T-S模糊故障树分析方法[J].控制与决策,2006,20(2):854-859.
[15] ZADEH L A. Fuzzy sets[J]. Information Control,1965(8):338-353.
[17]黄席樾,熊庆宇,石为人等.冶金连铸工业过程实时专家控制系统的设计与实现[J].自动化学报, 1998,24(3):405-409
[18]阳春华,沈德耀,吴敏等.焦炉配煤专家系统的定性定量综合设计方法[J].自动化学报,2000,26(2):226-232
[19]张建华,王占林.基于模糊神经网络的故障诊断方法的研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1997,23(4):502-506
[20] ZHOU J,BENNETT S. Adaptive error compensation for robust fault detection[J]. Int Journal of System Science,1998,29(1):57-64
[21] ZHANG J, MORRIS A J, MARTIN E B. Robust process fault detection and diagnosis using neuro-fuzzy networks[C]. Proc of IFAC World Congress. San Francisco,1996:169-174.
[22] SRINIVASAN D, CHEU R L, POH Y P, et al. Automated fault detection in power distribution networks using a hybird fuzzy-genetic algorithm approach[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2002,13(4):407-418
[23]叶昊,王桂增,方崇智等.一种基于小波变换的导弹运输车量故障诊断方法[J].自动化学报,1998,24(3):301-306
[24]郭淑芬.计算机自动绘制发动机故障树技术的研究[J].燃气涡轮试验与研究, 1994 (3): 52-55
[25]李剑川,胡庆,秦国军等.基于故障树的贝叶斯网络建造方法与故障诊断应用[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,39(24):225-228
[26]陈浩,郑明光.核电厂故障检测与报警系统的发展概况.原子能科学技术,2000年第34卷第6期, 563~568.
[27]郭富源.故障树理论在远程诊断系统中的应用研究[硕士论文].大连:大连理工大学. 2007.
[28]朱继渊.故障树原理和应用.西安.西安交通大学出版社,1989: 1~30.
[29]王康.基于故障树分析法的航空相机故障诊断技术研究[硕士论文].长春:长春理工大学. 2008.
[30]孙世君.单片机应用系统设计的抗干扰技术.丹东纺专学报. 2002. 12, 9 (4): 43~45
[31]王巍,崔海英,黄文虎.基于故障树最小割集和最小路集的诊断方法研究.数据采集与处理, Vol 14, NO.1 ,Mar 1999.
[32]朱继渊.核反应堆安全分析.北京:原子能出版社,1988.
[33] Iverson D L, Patterson-Hine F A. A diagnosis system using object-oriented fault tree models NASA Ames Research Center,1990,N90-27313: 1～2.
[34]熊彦,李红霞.核电站主控室的数字化研究.国外核动力,2004年第4期,22-24.
[35] Andreas Bye,Erik Hellnagel,Tor Steinar Brendeford.Human—machine function allocation:a functional modeling approach.Norway,OECD Halden Reactor Project,P.O.Box 173,N-175l Halden,1998.
[36]戴立操,黄曙东,张力.核电厂主控室人因工程分析.南华大学学报,2005年第19卷第2期,58~61.
[37]王利生,王忠巍等.压水堆核电站主控室调研分析报告,上海交大核电技术与成套装备工程技术研究中心,2005.
[38]唐彩红.压水堆核电站严重事故仿真软件研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2006.
[39] James W. Copper. C# Design Patterns : A Tutorial.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003:2~15.
[40]丁中文,王怀军.在C#中使用设计模式.科技创新导报,2007,No 38: 26.
[41]刘向阳.核电站报警处理系统设计.核电技术: 1~3.
[42] N J Holloway. Probabilistic SafetyAssessment in Nuclear Power Plant Management[C]. Bernan Assoc, ISBN 9264133186,1989.
[43]曲荣红,刘隆祉. 5MW核供热堆报警系统的改进.原子能科学技术, 2001年第35卷第3期:271~274.
[44]白涛,胡立生.压水堆核电站控制系统调研分析报告.上海交通大学. 2005.
[45] Geoffreg Ives. Digital Systems: Review of Safety Critical Applications. Nuclear Engineering International 1994, 39(477) :37～40.
[46]国外核动力.核电站故障支持系统人机界面(HMI)的设计. 2003年第3期:39~51.
[47] Correspondence and of print requests to "Y.Niw Institute of Nuclear Safety System ,Inc.,64 SamMihana-cho Mikata-gun,Fukui 919-1205,Japan.Email:niwa@inss.co.ip.
[48] Cain DG (1985).A computerised system for active BWR emergency procedure monitoring.In Proceedings of the third IEEE conference on human factors and power plants ,Monterey,CA,pp l35~l42.
[2]国家自然科学基金会.核技术.北京:科学出版社,1991:163~163
[3]王日清等.秦山30万千瓦核电站全范围培训模拟器项目可行性报告.上海:上海交通大学.2005.
[4]史觊,蒋明瑜,郑健超,马云青.核电站仪表与控制(I&C)系统数字化关键技术研究现状.测控技术, 2004年第23卷第2期,29~32.
[5]欧阳予.国外核电技术发展趋势.中国核工业. 2006(1):23~26.
[6]王利生,王忠巍等.压水堆核电站主控室调研分析报告.上海:上海交大核电技术与成套装备工程技术研究中心,2005.
[7]郑明光,张琴舜等.核电厂先进控制室报警系统.核动力工程,2001, 22 (4): 354~358.
[8]周玲.先进的控制室报警系统研究.核动力工程,2002, 23 (2): 97~99.
[9]鄂加强.智能故障诊断及其应用.湖南:湖南大学出版社,2006:2~8.
[10] FRANK PM. New developments using AI in fault diagnose [J]. Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence. 1997,10 (1):3-14.
[11]张燕,周志伟,董秀臣.核电厂实时故障诊断专家系统的设计与实现.原子能科学技术,2006年7月,第40卷第4期,420~423.
[12] FRANK PM. Analytical and qualitative model-based fault diagnosis - a survey and some new results [J]. European Journal of Control. 1994, 39 (2): 441~447.
[13]闻新,张虹锁,周露.控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:3~10.
[14]宋华,王行仁等. T-S模糊故障树分析方法[J].控制与决策,2006,20(2):854-859.
[15] ZADEH L A. Fuzzy sets[J]. Information Control,1965(8):338-353.
[17]黄席樾,熊庆宇,石为人等.冶金连铸工业过程实时专家控制系统的设计与实现[J].自动化学报, 1998,24(3):405-409
[18]阳春华,沈德耀,吴敏等.焦炉配煤专家系统的定性定量综合设计方法[J].自动化学报,2000,26(2):226-232
[19]张建华,王占林.基于模糊神经网络的故障诊断方法的研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1997,23(4):502-506
[20] ZHOU J,BENNETT S. Adaptive error compensation for robust fault detection[J]. Int Journal of System Science,1998,29(1):57-64
[21] ZHANG J, MORRIS A J, MARTIN E B. Robust process fault detection and diagnosis using neuro-fuzzy networks[C]. Proc of IFAC World Congress. San Francisco,1996:169-174.
[22] SRINIVASAN D, CHEU R L, POH Y P, et al. Automated fault detection in power distribution networks using a hybird fuzzy-genetic algorithm approach[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2002,13(4):407-418
[23]叶昊,王桂增,方崇智等.一种基于小波变换的导弹运输车量故障诊断方法[J].自动化学报,1998,24(3):301-306
[24]郭淑芬.计算机自动绘制发动机故障树技术的研究[J].燃气涡轮试验与研究, 1994 (3): 52-55
[25]李剑川,胡庆,秦国军等.基于故障树的贝叶斯网络建造方法与故障诊断应用[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,39(24):225-228
[26]陈浩,郑明光.核电厂故障检测与报警系统的发展概况.原子能科学技术,2000年第34卷第6期, 563~568.
[27]郭富源.故障树理论在远程诊断系统中的应用研究[硕士论文].大连:大连理工大学. 2007.
[28]朱继渊.故障树原理和应用.西安.西安交通大学出版社,1989: 1~30.
[29]王康.基于故障树分析法的航空相机故障诊断技术研究[硕士论文].长春:长春理工大学. 2008.
[30]孙世君.单片机应用系统设计的抗干扰技术.丹东纺专学报. 2002. 12, 9 (4): 43~45
[31]王巍,崔海英,黄文虎.基于故障树最小割集和最小路集的诊断方法研究.数据采集与处理, Vol 14, NO.1 ,Mar 1999.
[32]朱继渊.核反应堆安全分析.北京:原子能出版社,1988.
[33] Iverson D L, Patterson-Hine F A. A diagnosis system using object-oriented fault tree models NASA Ames Research Center,1990,N90-27313: 1～2.
[34]熊彦,李红霞.核电站主控室的数字化研究.国外核动力,2004年第4期,22-24.
[35] Andreas Bye,Erik Hellnagel,Tor Steinar Brendeford.Human—machine function allocation:a functional modeling approach.Norway,OECD Halden Reactor Project,P.O.Box 173,N-175l Halden,1998.
[36]戴立操,黄曙东,张力.核电厂主控室人因工程分析.南华大学学报,2005年第19卷第2期,58~61.
[37]王利生,王忠巍等.压水堆核电站主控室调研分析报告,上海交大核电技术与成套装备工程技术研究中心,2005.
[38]唐彩红.压水堆核电站严重事故仿真软件研究[硕士论文].上海:上海交通大学,2006.
[39] James W. Copper. C# Design Patterns : A Tutorial.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003:2~15.
[40]丁中文,王怀军.在C#中使用设计模式.科技创新导报,2007,No 38: 26.
[41]刘向阳.核电站报警处理系统设计.核电技术: 1~3.
[42] N J Holloway. Probabilistic SafetyAssessment in Nuclear Power Plant Management[C]. Bernan Assoc, ISBN 9264133186,1989.
[43]曲荣红,刘隆祉. 5MW核供热堆报警系统的改进.原子能科学技术, 2001年第35卷第3期:271~274.
[44]白涛,胡立生.压水堆核电站控制系统调研分析报告.上海交通大学. 2005.
[45] Geoffreg Ives. Digital Systems: Review of Safety Critical Applications. Nuclear Engineering International 1994, 39(477) :37～40.
[46]国外核动力.核电站故障支持系统人机界面(HMI)的设计. 2003年第3期:39~51.
[47] Correspondence and of print requests to "Y.Niw Institute of Nuclear Safety System ,Inc.,64 SamMihana-cho Mikata-gun,Fukui 919-1205,Japan.Email:niwa@inss.co.ip.
[48] Cain DG (1985).A computerised system for active BWR emergency procedure monitoring.In Proceedings of the third IEEE conference on human factors and power plants ,Monterey,CA,pp l35~l42.