矿山边坡岩体非线性力学分析与安全预警系统研究
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摘要
与其它人工边坡工程相比,露天矿山边坡工程高度大、地质条件复杂、且处于不断开挖扰动,有必要针对其特征,探索其力学规律与稳定性。为此本文在总结国内外边坡工程研究经验的基础上,提出了一种适应矿山边坡的岩体质量分级方法,建立了矿山边坡岩体质量分级的知识库模型,并研究适应矿山边坡工程的改进可靠度算法,构建了矿山边坡工程稳定性评价体系,用混沌理论揭示了矿山边坡岩体变形规律,建立了露天开采安全预警系统。主要研究内容如下：
(1)在总结国内外岩体质量分级研究成果的基础上,用岩石单轴抗压强度、RQD值、节理间距、节理状态、地下水状态、节理方向和地应力状态7个指标建立了矿山边坡岩体质量评价体系。
(2)采用国内外大量矿山边坡工程数据,建立了矿山边坡岩体质量与其影响因素的神经网络知识库模型,实现了矿山边坡工程岩体质量智能分级。
(3)在总结蒙特卡罗模拟法、统计矩法等可靠度计算方法的基础上,应用Logistic迭代方程,提出了一种新的矿山边坡岩体可靠度计算方法。该可靠度改进算法不需对功能函数求偏导即可得出可靠度指标,具有算法简单、程序编制方便等优点。
(4)采用基于Logistic迭代方程的可靠度改进算法分析了德兴铜矿杨桃坞、水龙山和西源边坡稳定性。研究显示,边坡岩体安全系数高,并不意味边坡岩体一定处于稳定状态；在自重条件下稳定的边坡岩体,并不意味着在考虑自重+爆破+结构面饱水的组合状态下边坡工程稳定,矿山边坡岩体稳定性与其可靠度系数和受力状态相关。
(5)用岩性特征、滑面特征、滑体大小、开采强度、爆破作用、后缘加载、水力侵蚀和设备活动8个指标构建了边坡稳定性评价体系,根据未确知测度和Fisher判别原理建立了矿山边坡岩体稳定性评价模型。通过矿山边坡工程实例分析,表明该方法判估错误率低,精确度高。
(6)在德兴铜矿杨桃坞和石金岩边坡采用多点位移计建立了边坡岩体变形安全监测系统,并根据边坡岩体变形监测数据,采用基于重构相空间的混沌理论,揭示了矿山边坡岩体的变形规律。
(7)根据边坡岩体变形特征,建立了矿山边坡岩体变形安全预警系统。工程应用表明,矿山边坡安全预警系统通过重构相空间技术放大岩体变形信号,可及时了解和分析边坡岩体变形情况,判断其是否处于预警区域,不仅可以对边坡岩体的稳定性作出预报,而且可反映出露天开采强度的合理性,为露天矿安全生产提供了技术保障。
Contrasting with other artificial slope, open-pit mine slope are high height, complex geological conditions and constantly disturbance by excavation, so it is necessary to research their mechanical law and stability. On the basis of summing up the domestic and foreign research experiences of slope engineering, a classification method of rock mass quality that is adapted open-pit mine slope is put forward and a knowledge bank model of rock mass quality classification in mine slope is established. And then, an improving reliability algorithm that is adapted to mine slope engineering is obtained, and a stability evaluation system of mine slope is constructed. Moreover, the deformation laws of mine slope are revealed with the chaotic theory, and a security early warning system is worked up. The main contents are as follows:
On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign achievements of rock mass quality classification, an evaluation system of rock mass quality in mine slope, which is contained the seven indicators of uniaxial compressive strength, RQD values, joint spacing, joint status, groundwater status, joint direction and earth stress, is established.
According to the large amounts of domestic and foreign data in mine slope engineering, a knowledge bank model of neural network, which is embodied the relationship between rock mass quality and its influencing factors, is established, and the intelligent classification of rock mass quality is realized.
Summing up the reliability method of the Monte Carlo simulation method, the statistical moment method, etc., a new method of reliability of mine slope is put forwarded by application of the Logistic Iterative Equation. The improving reliability algorithm can be obtained reliability index without the partial derivative of performance function, so the algorithm is simple and convenient programming.
The slope stability of Youngtaowu, Shuilongshan and Xiyuan in Dexing Copper Mine are analyzed with the improved reliability algorithm based on Logistic Iterative Equation. The researching results show that the high safety factors of mine slope do not mean that the slope must be in stable state, and the stable slopes in weight condition do not mean that they are stable in considering the combination conditions of weight, blasting and saturated structural surface, at the same time, the stability of mine slopes are related with their reliability coefficients and the stress states.
With the eight indicators of lithological features, sliding surface characteristics, sliding body size, mining intensity, blasting effect, back edge load, water erosion and equipment activities, the slope stability evaluation system is established, and according to unascertained measure and Fisher discriminant principle, an evaluation model of mine slope stability is obtained. Through an instance analysis of mine slope, the results show that the evaluation method has the character of low error rate and high accuracy.
At Youngtaowu and Shijinyan slope in Dexing Copper Mine, the safety monitoring system of slope deformation in rock mass is set up with Multi-point displacement meters, and according to the monitoring data, the deformation law of mine slope is revealed with chaotic theory based on the reconstructed phase space.
The security early warning system of mine slope is established according to the deformation characters of rock mass. The results of engineering application show that the safety early warning system of mine slope can enlarge deformation signal of rock mass through reconstructed phase space technology, and can well understand and analyze the deformation of mine slope, as well as can determine whether the slope is in warning region. Moreover, not only the slope stability can be predicted, but also the reasonableness of open-pit mining strength can be reflected, and the production safety is provided for open-pit mine.
(1)在总结国内外岩体质量分级研究成果的基础上,用岩石单轴抗压强度、RQD值、节理间距、节理状态、地下水状态、节理方向和地应力状态7个指标建立了矿山边坡岩体质量评价体系。
(2)采用国内外大量矿山边坡工程数据,建立了矿山边坡岩体质量与其影响因素的神经网络知识库模型,实现了矿山边坡工程岩体质量智能分级。
(3)在总结蒙特卡罗模拟法、统计矩法等可靠度计算方法的基础上,应用Logistic迭代方程,提出了一种新的矿山边坡岩体可靠度计算方法。该可靠度改进算法不需对功能函数求偏导即可得出可靠度指标,具有算法简单、程序编制方便等优点。
(4)采用基于Logistic迭代方程的可靠度改进算法分析了德兴铜矿杨桃坞、水龙山和西源边坡稳定性。研究显示,边坡岩体安全系数高,并不意味边坡岩体一定处于稳定状态；在自重条件下稳定的边坡岩体,并不意味着在考虑自重+爆破+结构面饱水的组合状态下边坡工程稳定,矿山边坡岩体稳定性与其可靠度系数和受力状态相关。
(5)用岩性特征、滑面特征、滑体大小、开采强度、爆破作用、后缘加载、水力侵蚀和设备活动8个指标构建了边坡稳定性评价体系,根据未确知测度和Fisher判别原理建立了矿山边坡岩体稳定性评价模型。通过矿山边坡工程实例分析,表明该方法判估错误率低,精确度高。
(6)在德兴铜矿杨桃坞和石金岩边坡采用多点位移计建立了边坡岩体变形安全监测系统,并根据边坡岩体变形监测数据,采用基于重构相空间的混沌理论,揭示了矿山边坡岩体的变形规律。
(7)根据边坡岩体变形特征,建立了矿山边坡岩体变形安全预警系统。工程应用表明,矿山边坡安全预警系统通过重构相空间技术放大岩体变形信号,可及时了解和分析边坡岩体变形情况,判断其是否处于预警区域,不仅可以对边坡岩体的稳定性作出预报,而且可反映出露天开采强度的合理性,为露天矿安全生产提供了技术保障。
Contrasting with other artificial slope, open-pit mine slope are high height, complex geological conditions and constantly disturbance by excavation, so it is necessary to research their mechanical law and stability. On the basis of summing up the domestic and foreign research experiences of slope engineering, a classification method of rock mass quality that is adapted open-pit mine slope is put forward and a knowledge bank model of rock mass quality classification in mine slope is established. And then, an improving reliability algorithm that is adapted to mine slope engineering is obtained, and a stability evaluation system of mine slope is constructed. Moreover, the deformation laws of mine slope are revealed with the chaotic theory, and a security early warning system is worked up. The main contents are as follows:
On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign achievements of rock mass quality classification, an evaluation system of rock mass quality in mine slope, which is contained the seven indicators of uniaxial compressive strength, RQD values, joint spacing, joint status, groundwater status, joint direction and earth stress, is established.
According to the large amounts of domestic and foreign data in mine slope engineering, a knowledge bank model of neural network, which is embodied the relationship between rock mass quality and its influencing factors, is established, and the intelligent classification of rock mass quality is realized.
Summing up the reliability method of the Monte Carlo simulation method, the statistical moment method, etc., a new method of reliability of mine slope is put forwarded by application of the Logistic Iterative Equation. The improving reliability algorithm can be obtained reliability index without the partial derivative of performance function, so the algorithm is simple and convenient programming.
The slope stability of Youngtaowu, Shuilongshan and Xiyuan in Dexing Copper Mine are analyzed with the improved reliability algorithm based on Logistic Iterative Equation. The researching results show that the high safety factors of mine slope do not mean that the slope must be in stable state, and the stable slopes in weight condition do not mean that they are stable in considering the combination conditions of weight, blasting and saturated structural surface, at the same time, the stability of mine slopes are related with their reliability coefficients and the stress states.
With the eight indicators of lithological features, sliding surface characteristics, sliding body size, mining intensity, blasting effect, back edge load, water erosion and equipment activities, the slope stability evaluation system is established, and according to unascertained measure and Fisher discriminant principle, an evaluation model of mine slope stability is obtained. Through an instance analysis of mine slope, the results show that the evaluation method has the character of low error rate and high accuracy.
At Youngtaowu and Shijinyan slope in Dexing Copper Mine, the safety monitoring system of slope deformation in rock mass is set up with Multi-point displacement meters, and according to the monitoring data, the deformation law of mine slope is revealed with chaotic theory based on the reconstructed phase space.
The security early warning system of mine slope is established according to the deformation characters of rock mass. The results of engineering application show that the safety early warning system of mine slope can enlarge deformation signal of rock mass through reconstructed phase space technology, and can well understand and analyze the deformation of mine slope, as well as can determine whether the slope is in warning region. Moreover, not only the slope stability can be predicted, but also the reasonableness of open-pit mining strength can be reflected, and the production safety is provided for open-pit mine.
引文
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