基于光电复合传感器的重金属检测及无线通讯系统设计
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摘要
工业发展导致的重金属对水质的污染不但损害着人类的健康,而且给生态环境带来了严重的破坏。如何检测湖泊、海洋等水质的重金属含量成了当务之急。随着无线传感器网络(WSN)概念的发展,其越来越多的应用到了环境检测中去。本文结合了无线技术,基于重金属传感器设计了一套水质重金属的检测系统。所作的工作如下：
本文首先介绍了重金属的危害和当前重金属检测的一些技术和解决方案。接着,研究了应用于重金属检测的常规电极、微电极阵列和光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)以及光电复合传感器的原理和检测方法,并对重金属无线检测系统做了系统设计。在数据处理模块,使用了有限脉冲响应滤波器(FIR)对不同信噪比的信号进行了滤波；提出了光电复合传感器的多元线性回归模型；研究了溶液背景对检测结果的影响,提出了对原始信号加窗去基线的方法；并使用了偏最小二乘法进行离子浓度识别。最后通过实际数据验证了算法的有效性和实用性。
重金属无线检测系统分为无线检测节点和无线节点管理软件。无线检测节点主控板是ARM9,采用的是嵌入式Linux操作系统。ARM主控板中运行着网络服务程序和测控板控制程序,共同完成与节点管理软件的交互。它们接收节点管理软件发送的测量命令,并且能够回传检测到的数据。无线节点管理软件使用跨平台的Qt库实现,能够运行在Windows或Linux平台上,其采用多线程技术对网络数据进行监听。它的主要功能是无线节点发现、检测节点测量过程控制和数据接收与分析。
最后,文章介绍了重金属无线分析系统以及船载重金属分析仪的实际应用情况,并对无线覆盖距离、软件性能、节点运行情况进行了初步的分析和测试。实践表明我们的系统能够达到设计要求。
By the developing of traditional industry, heavy metal caused water pollution has not only harms to human health, but also damages ecosystems. So it's important to detect the heavy metal contents in the rivers and lakes. With the development of wireless sensor network (WSN), heavy mental detection technologies have been wildly applied in environment protection. This project aims to design a heavy metal detection system based on wireless technology and heavy metal sensors.
Firstly, the damage of heavy metals and heavy metal detection solutions were introduced. Then, the test methods and principles of normal electrode, microelectrode array, LAPS and the Hybird Photo-electrical sensors were reviewed.
In the data processing module, finite impulse response (FIR) filter was applied to remove high frequency noise and a multiple linear regression model was implemented in Photo-electrical sensors. A windowed-baseline remove method was applied to eliminate the impact of the irregular baseline and partial least squares method was introduced to deal with the recognition of ions.
The heavy metal wireless detection system was composed by wireless detection node and wireless node management software. The wireless detection node emploied ARM9 as a control board with Linux operating system. Processes of network service control and LAPS/MEA detection board control ran on the ARM9 simultaneously to receive commands from and send data to management software. Wireless node manager software was designed based on cross-platform Qt library. It was compatible both on Windows and Linux operating systems. The main function of this software was remote node finding, data analysis and measurement process control.
At last, this project illustrated the practical application of heavy metal wireless analysis system and heavy metal analyzer on ships, analyzed and verified wireless coverage distance and software performance. The results proved that the system was competent for requirements of heavy metal detection.
本文首先介绍了重金属的危害和当前重金属检测的一些技术和解决方案。接着,研究了应用于重金属检测的常规电极、微电极阵列和光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)以及光电复合传感器的原理和检测方法,并对重金属无线检测系统做了系统设计。在数据处理模块,使用了有限脉冲响应滤波器(FIR)对不同信噪比的信号进行了滤波；提出了光电复合传感器的多元线性回归模型；研究了溶液背景对检测结果的影响,提出了对原始信号加窗去基线的方法；并使用了偏最小二乘法进行离子浓度识别。最后通过实际数据验证了算法的有效性和实用性。
重金属无线检测系统分为无线检测节点和无线节点管理软件。无线检测节点主控板是ARM9,采用的是嵌入式Linux操作系统。ARM主控板中运行着网络服务程序和测控板控制程序,共同完成与节点管理软件的交互。它们接收节点管理软件发送的测量命令,并且能够回传检测到的数据。无线节点管理软件使用跨平台的Qt库实现,能够运行在Windows或Linux平台上,其采用多线程技术对网络数据进行监听。它的主要功能是无线节点发现、检测节点测量过程控制和数据接收与分析。
最后,文章介绍了重金属无线分析系统以及船载重金属分析仪的实际应用情况,并对无线覆盖距离、软件性能、节点运行情况进行了初步的分析和测试。实践表明我们的系统能够达到设计要求。
By the developing of traditional industry, heavy metal caused water pollution has not only harms to human health, but also damages ecosystems. So it's important to detect the heavy metal contents in the rivers and lakes. With the development of wireless sensor network (WSN), heavy mental detection technologies have been wildly applied in environment protection. This project aims to design a heavy metal detection system based on wireless technology and heavy metal sensors.
Firstly, the damage of heavy metals and heavy metal detection solutions were introduced. Then, the test methods and principles of normal electrode, microelectrode array, LAPS and the Hybird Photo-electrical sensors were reviewed.
In the data processing module, finite impulse response (FIR) filter was applied to remove high frequency noise and a multiple linear regression model was implemented in Photo-electrical sensors. A windowed-baseline remove method was applied to eliminate the impact of the irregular baseline and partial least squares method was introduced to deal with the recognition of ions.
The heavy metal wireless detection system was composed by wireless detection node and wireless node management software. The wireless detection node emploied ARM9 as a control board with Linux operating system. Processes of network service control and LAPS/MEA detection board control ran on the ARM9 simultaneously to receive commands from and send data to management software. Wireless node manager software was designed based on cross-platform Qt library. It was compatible both on Windows and Linux operating systems. The main function of this software was remote node finding, data analysis and measurement process control.
At last, this project illustrated the practical application of heavy metal wireless analysis system and heavy metal analyzer on ships, analyzed and verified wireless coverage distance and software performance. The results proved that the system was competent for requirements of heavy metal detection.
引文
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[4]孙宁涛,李俊涛.城市湖泊的生态系统服务功能及其保护[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(22)：6885-6886.
[5]祝云龙,姜加虎,孙占东等.洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染特性与评价[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(4)：477-485.
[6]曹德菊,岳永德,黄祥明.巢湖水体Pb,Cu,Fe污染的环境质量评价[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(4)：509-512.
[7]戴秀丽,孙成.太湖沉积物中重金属污染状况及分布特征探讨[J].上海环境科学,2001,20(2)：71-74.
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[9]王伟.原子吸收光谱法：重金属元素分析的标准方法[J].食品安全导刊,2010,1：36.
[10]宋华宾,马成林.应用原子吸收分光光度法测定肉类罐头中重金属元素含量[J].食品科学,1993,8：63-66.
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[12]PARAMJIT K, DIVYA S, KAMALJIT S. Selective colorimetric sensing of Cu2+ using triazolyl monoazo derivative [J]. Talanta,2011.83(5):1695-1700.
[13]张思相,王静.水中重金属在线监测技术探讨[J].中国环保产业,2010,8：41-43.
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[17]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005.
[18]JOHN M, SIDDESWARA M G, DANIEL H. Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Water Use Efficiency in Irrigation [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 Workshop on Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks,2008,46-50.
[19]曾欢,刘毅.嵌入式WiFi技术在温室环境监测系统中的应用[J].林业机械与木工设备,2008,36(2)：49-51.
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