基于数据挖掘的基坑工程安全评估与变形预测研究
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摘要
上海城市轨道交通网络逐步完善，地铁建设工程正在向“深、大、近、紧、难、险”六个方向发展，即深度深、规模大、距离近、工期紧、地质差、隐患多。如何在这种大规模、跨越式、风险高度集中的形势下“又好又快”地完成400公里基本网络的建设节点目标，成为摆在上海地铁建设者们面前的一道难题。本文从工程实际需求出发，以上海软土地区地铁车站基坑安全评估与变形预测作为主要研究目标，收集了上海市已建和在建的上百个地铁基坑的几百万组现场实测数据，创新性地引入数据挖掘技术，主要研究了以下内容：
1、在综合国内外研究的基础上较全面的总结了数据挖掘技术，分析了数据挖掘技术的产生与发展、处理过程和有关计算模型的算法原理；结合上海软土地区地铁基坑工程的具体特点探讨了数据挖掘技术在该领域的应用前景。
2、选取了有代表性的30个地铁基坑工程的围护墙体实测变形数据，采用数据挖掘方法研究了基坑状态、工程风险、施工工况、保护等级和监测数据之间的关系，并在此基础上结合上海地铁工程实际情况提出了一套合理有效的基坑变形警戒值。
3、对上海软土地区地铁基坑中233个测斜和地面沉降断面实测数据进行了汇总和挖掘，得出最大地面沉降点发生位置以及地面沉降最大值与围护结构最大水平位移比值的分布规律。并以常熟路地铁站为背景，采用基坑降水三维渗流场与应力场耦合有限元程序计算了在实际的降水工况下产生的地面沉降，采用地层补偿法计算了由基坑开挖变形产生的地面沉降；对上述两种因素产生的地面沉降进行叠加，与实测的地面沉降值吻合较好。
4、通过对大量地铁基坑地下墙位移时程曲线特点的分析和挖掘，参考了其它一系列相关的位移预测手段，提出了一套基于实测数据的基坑围护墙体变形预测方法。该方法把基坑变形分为“开挖变形”和“有撑变形”两个阶段分开预测，分别提出了不同的计算方法，并通过古北路车站的数据进行了验证。
With the amelioration of urban rail transit network in Shanghai, projects of the metro construction have showed six trends. That is the foundation pits become deeper, the scale of constructions is getting larger, the distance between buildings and subway is getting closer, the time limit for constructions is more urgent, the geologic feature is more complex, the hidden troubles are more and more. How to accomplish the node target of completing 400km basic network in both 'quick and satisfactory' way under the situation of large scale, leaping over style, high integration of risk becomes a question for the subway constructors in Shanghai. This paper concentrates on the evaluation of safety and deformation prediction of the foundation pits of subway stations in Shanghai soft soil from the needs of real projects. The paper collected millions groups of field measure data from more than 100 both constructing an constructed subway stations and innovatively introduced data mining technology into the research. The main ideas of the paper are listed as follows:
1, Based on relative studies at home and abroad the paper comprehensively summarized data mining technology and analyzed the origin and development of the technology, dealing process and algorithm principle of relative calculation models. According to the features of subway foundation pits in Shanghai soft soil, the paper studied the prospect of data mining technology in this area.
2, The paper selected 31 representative deformation data of retaining structure of subway foundation pits in Shanghai soft soil and studied time-space distribution rule of the maximum deformation ratio and deformation velocity by data mining technology. On the basis of research mentioned above and practical cases in the Shanghai, a reasonable and effective series of deformation alarm value in the pits constructing was put forward.
3, By compiling and mining the data of retaining wall deformation and ground settlement which comes from 233 foundation pits in Shanghai soft soil, the conclusion of distribution rule and feature between horizontal distance of maximum ground settlement point far away from the foundation pit and the maximum horizontal retain wall deformation was drawn. Changshu subway station was chosen as an example. The paper adopted FEM programmer which considered the coupling of 3D seepage field and stress field to calculate the ground settlement when the foundation pit was dewatered. It also made use of stratum compensation theory to calculate the ground settlement resulting from excavation of the foundation pit. Add the two kinds of ground settlement together, and then made a comparison with the field measure data.
4, By analyzing and mining the feature of numerous deformation time-history curves of retaining wall and referring to other relative deformation prediction methods as well, the paper proposed a set of deformation prediction method based on field measure data. The method divided deformation of foundation pit into two phases, 'excavation deformation' and 'bracing deformation'. Different calculation methods are proposed according to each phase. The method was proved by the data of Gubei subway station.
1、在综合国内外研究的基础上较全面的总结了数据挖掘技术，分析了数据挖掘技术的产生与发展、处理过程和有关计算模型的算法原理；结合上海软土地区地铁基坑工程的具体特点探讨了数据挖掘技术在该领域的应用前景。
2、选取了有代表性的30个地铁基坑工程的围护墙体实测变形数据，采用数据挖掘方法研究了基坑状态、工程风险、施工工况、保护等级和监测数据之间的关系，并在此基础上结合上海地铁工程实际情况提出了一套合理有效的基坑变形警戒值。
3、对上海软土地区地铁基坑中233个测斜和地面沉降断面实测数据进行了汇总和挖掘，得出最大地面沉降点发生位置以及地面沉降最大值与围护结构最大水平位移比值的分布规律。并以常熟路地铁站为背景，采用基坑降水三维渗流场与应力场耦合有限元程序计算了在实际的降水工况下产生的地面沉降，采用地层补偿法计算了由基坑开挖变形产生的地面沉降；对上述两种因素产生的地面沉降进行叠加，与实测的地面沉降值吻合较好。
4、通过对大量地铁基坑地下墙位移时程曲线特点的分析和挖掘，参考了其它一系列相关的位移预测手段，提出了一套基于实测数据的基坑围护墙体变形预测方法。该方法把基坑变形分为“开挖变形”和“有撑变形”两个阶段分开预测，分别提出了不同的计算方法，并通过古北路车站的数据进行了验证。
With the amelioration of urban rail transit network in Shanghai, projects of the metro construction have showed six trends. That is the foundation pits become deeper, the scale of constructions is getting larger, the distance between buildings and subway is getting closer, the time limit for constructions is more urgent, the geologic feature is more complex, the hidden troubles are more and more. How to accomplish the node target of completing 400km basic network in both 'quick and satisfactory' way under the situation of large scale, leaping over style, high integration of risk becomes a question for the subway constructors in Shanghai. This paper concentrates on the evaluation of safety and deformation prediction of the foundation pits of subway stations in Shanghai soft soil from the needs of real projects. The paper collected millions groups of field measure data from more than 100 both constructing an constructed subway stations and innovatively introduced data mining technology into the research. The main ideas of the paper are listed as follows:
1, Based on relative studies at home and abroad the paper comprehensively summarized data mining technology and analyzed the origin and development of the technology, dealing process and algorithm principle of relative calculation models. According to the features of subway foundation pits in Shanghai soft soil, the paper studied the prospect of data mining technology in this area.
2, The paper selected 31 representative deformation data of retaining structure of subway foundation pits in Shanghai soft soil and studied time-space distribution rule of the maximum deformation ratio and deformation velocity by data mining technology. On the basis of research mentioned above and practical cases in the Shanghai, a reasonable and effective series of deformation alarm value in the pits constructing was put forward.
3, By compiling and mining the data of retaining wall deformation and ground settlement which comes from 233 foundation pits in Shanghai soft soil, the conclusion of distribution rule and feature between horizontal distance of maximum ground settlement point far away from the foundation pit and the maximum horizontal retain wall deformation was drawn. Changshu subway station was chosen as an example. The paper adopted FEM programmer which considered the coupling of 3D seepage field and stress field to calculate the ground settlement when the foundation pit was dewatered. It also made use of stratum compensation theory to calculate the ground settlement resulting from excavation of the foundation pit. Add the two kinds of ground settlement together, and then made a comparison with the field measure data.
4, By analyzing and mining the feature of numerous deformation time-history curves of retaining wall and referring to other relative deformation prediction methods as well, the paper proposed a set of deformation prediction method based on field measure data. The method divided deformation of foundation pit into two phases, 'excavation deformation' and 'bracing deformation'. Different calculation methods are proposed according to each phase. The method was proved by the data of Gubei subway station.
引文
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