二战后旧金山湾区中心城市发展道路比较研究
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摘要
本文梳理了战后旧金山湾区三个中心城市经济结构和发展策略的变迁,在此基础上对三城市发展的阶段性、成长机制、空间发展模式、在湾区中的地位及相互之间的作用等进行比较。以此来探讨中心城市在大都市区化时代的演变规律。
绪论阐述本文的选题缘起及意义,学术史回顾,并说明写作的角度、基本理论和方法、研究的主要问题、主要材料来源等。
第一章,简叙旧金山湾区的地理特征和早期开发,回顾湾区中心城市从初创到19世纪末的发展脉络。
第二章,回顾20世纪上半期湾区三个中心城市的发展过程。对这一时期影响其发展的重要历史地理及人为因素进一步论述。为理解二战结束时三个中心城市的经济特征和各自在湾区所处的地位奠定基础。
第三章,从分析战后旧金山市所面临的区域发展背景入手,对其所进行的经济结构调整和策略选择进行探讨。指出旧金山市通过振兴市中心区,优先发展服务业,尤其是高级服务业,优化了产业结构,并借助高技术产业的迅速成长,成功的转变为一个后工业化城市。在经过一段时期的衰退之后,重新走向兴盛。
第四章,首先论述战后奥克兰市从繁荣到衰退的具体表现,分析其内外部原因,然后对奥克兰市80年代后的产业结构调整和复兴经济策略进行阐释。指出复兴的艰巨性和希望并存。
第五章,结合硅谷的出现,阐述了圣何塞市在战后新技术革命背景下,通过引进新兴产业和不断调整发展策略,迅速崛起。
第六章,就三个中心城市的发展阶段性、产业结构特征、空间发展模式、在湾区中的地位、相互之间的关系等进行比较。进一步阐明了旧金山市的首位性,同时,阐明三个中心城市各有优势和特点,存在竞争与分工,同为大都市区的有机组成部分。
结语总结全文并指出借鉴意义。
This dissertation probes the evolution of the economic structure and development strategy of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose, the three central cities of San Francisco Bay Area and compares the developmental stages, growth systems, space development patterns, the role in the Bay Area and the interaction among them, so as to explore the evolution of central cities in the metropolitan area.
The paper begins with a brief introduction, tracing the development of the scholarship both in American and Chinese academic communities and introducing the methodology, major issues and resources.
ChapterⅠgives a basic review of the geographic condition and early exploration of the Bay Area and outlines the growth of the three central cities from establishment to the end of 19th century.
ChapterⅡexamines the development of the three central cities during the first part of 20th century, focusing on the major elements contributed to the growth and providing the background for analyzing the conditions of the three cities after the Second World War.
ChapterⅢfocuses on the economic transformation and strategy of San Francisco after the Second World War. On the basis of revitalization of downtown, promoting service industries and high technology industries, San Francisco transforms to a post-industrial city and revives.
ChapterⅣdiscusses the boom and decay of Oakland during the post World WarⅡand analyzes the backgrounds. The structural adjustment and economic revitalization strategy of the city after the 1980s are also explained. Oakland still needs hard work to revitalize its economy in the future.
ChapterⅤexamines the rapid growth of San Jose driving by the high tech industries and effective development strategy. The location of the city in Silicon Valley plays a vital role.
ChapterⅥcompares the developmental stage, growth system, space development pattern, the role in the Bay Area and the interaction among them. In the Bay Area, San Francisco plays a primary role, while the three cities with their own advantages and disadvantages compete and complement each other.
The Conclusion briefly summarizes the previous chapters and demonstrates the valuable insight we can learn from evolution of the three central cities of the Bay Area.
绪论阐述本文的选题缘起及意义,学术史回顾,并说明写作的角度、基本理论和方法、研究的主要问题、主要材料来源等。
第一章,简叙旧金山湾区的地理特征和早期开发,回顾湾区中心城市从初创到19世纪末的发展脉络。
第二章,回顾20世纪上半期湾区三个中心城市的发展过程。对这一时期影响其发展的重要历史地理及人为因素进一步论述。为理解二战结束时三个中心城市的经济特征和各自在湾区所处的地位奠定基础。
第三章,从分析战后旧金山市所面临的区域发展背景入手,对其所进行的经济结构调整和策略选择进行探讨。指出旧金山市通过振兴市中心区,优先发展服务业,尤其是高级服务业,优化了产业结构,并借助高技术产业的迅速成长,成功的转变为一个后工业化城市。在经过一段时期的衰退之后,重新走向兴盛。
第四章,首先论述战后奥克兰市从繁荣到衰退的具体表现,分析其内外部原因,然后对奥克兰市80年代后的产业结构调整和复兴经济策略进行阐释。指出复兴的艰巨性和希望并存。
第五章,结合硅谷的出现,阐述了圣何塞市在战后新技术革命背景下,通过引进新兴产业和不断调整发展策略,迅速崛起。
第六章,就三个中心城市的发展阶段性、产业结构特征、空间发展模式、在湾区中的地位、相互之间的关系等进行比较。进一步阐明了旧金山市的首位性,同时,阐明三个中心城市各有优势和特点,存在竞争与分工,同为大都市区的有机组成部分。
结语总结全文并指出借鉴意义。
This dissertation probes the evolution of the economic structure and development strategy of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose, the three central cities of San Francisco Bay Area and compares the developmental stages, growth systems, space development patterns, the role in the Bay Area and the interaction among them, so as to explore the evolution of central cities in the metropolitan area.
The paper begins with a brief introduction, tracing the development of the scholarship both in American and Chinese academic communities and introducing the methodology, major issues and resources.
ChapterⅠgives a basic review of the geographic condition and early exploration of the Bay Area and outlines the growth of the three central cities from establishment to the end of 19th century.
ChapterⅡexamines the development of the three central cities during the first part of 20th century, focusing on the major elements contributed to the growth and providing the background for analyzing the conditions of the three cities after the Second World War.
ChapterⅢfocuses on the economic transformation and strategy of San Francisco after the Second World War. On the basis of revitalization of downtown, promoting service industries and high technology industries, San Francisco transforms to a post-industrial city and revives.
ChapterⅣdiscusses the boom and decay of Oakland during the post World WarⅡand analyzes the backgrounds. The structural adjustment and economic revitalization strategy of the city after the 1980s are also explained. Oakland still needs hard work to revitalize its economy in the future.
ChapterⅤexamines the rapid growth of San Jose driving by the high tech industries and effective development strategy. The location of the city in Silicon Valley plays a vital role.
ChapterⅥcompares the developmental stage, growth system, space development pattern, the role in the Bay Area and the interaction among them. In the Bay Area, San Francisco plays a primary role, while the three cities with their own advantages and disadvantages compete and complement each other.
The Conclusion briefly summarizes the previous chapters and demonstrates the valuable insight we can learn from evolution of the three central cities of the Bay Area.
引文
[1]关于大都市区化的论述,参见:王旭:《美国城市发展模式——从城市化到大都市区化》,北京·清华大学出版社,2006年版,第304-319页;梁茂信:《都市化时代——20世纪美国人口流动与城市社会问题》,吉林长春·东北师范大学出版社,2002年版,第138-146页;孙群朗:《美国城市郊区化研究》,北京·商务印书馆,2005年版,第102-117页,224-241页;罗思东:《美国大都市地区的政府与治理——地方政府间关系与区域主义改革》,厦门大学博士论文,2005年11月,第23-27页。
[1]ABAG,This Bay Area is like no other,http://www.abag.ca.gov/overview/aboutbayarea.html,2006-7-8.
[2]根据2000年美国联邦管理和预算总署对大都市区的最新定义,原来的联合大都市统计区(CMSA)被组合统计区(CSA)所取代。按照这个概念,目前旧金山湾区组合统计区(Bay Area CSA)共有11个县,较原来旧金山联合大都市统计区(10县,湾区9县加圣克鲁斯县)又增加了圣贝尼托县。为论述之方便,以及符合美国习惯表达,本文仍采取通常说法,即旧金山湾区只包括滨临海湾的9个县。参见:Brian Kirking,[Bay Area Census]New Metropolitan Area Definitions,http://lists.abag.ca.gov/pipermail/census/2003-June/000000.html,2003-6-18.
[1]http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea.htm.2006-7-6.
[1]Lewis Oscar,San Francisco:From Mission to Metropolis(Berkeley:Howell-North Books,1966).
[2]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,San Francisco:Presidio,Port and Pacific Metropolis(San Francico:Boyd & Fraser Publishing Company,1981).
[3]Charles A.Francchia,City By The Bay:A History of San Francisco,1945-Present(Los Angeles:Heritage Media Corporation,1997).
[4]Robert Mayer,ed.,San Francisco:A Chronological &Documentary History,1542-1970(New York:Oceana Publications,Inc.,1974).
[5]Gladys Hansen,San Francisco Almanac:Everything you want to know about The City(San Francisco:Chronicle Books,1975).
[1]Rand Richards,Historic San Francisco:A Concise History and Guide(San Francisco:Heritage House Publishers,1991).
[2]Garey McWilliams,California:The Great Exception(Berkeley:University of California Press,1949).
[3]Roger W.Lotchin,Fortress California,1910-1961:From Warfare to Welfare(Champaign:University of Illinois Press,2002).
[4]James J.Rawls and Walton Bean,California:An Interpretive History(Boston:McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,1998).
[5]Community Planning in the Eastern Neighborhoods Rezoning Options Workbook Draft:Profiles of Community Planning Areas;Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair.以上三个报告的详细网址:http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning_index.asp?id=25364,2006-7-6.
[1]Jasper Rubin,The Decline of the Port,http://www.spur.org/documents/Portdecline.pdf,2004-3-2.
[2]参见:http://www.bayeconfor.org/,2006-7-6.
[3]参见:http://www-iurd.ced.berkeley.edu/,2006-7-6.
[4]参见:Joel Kotkin,"Western cities are new urban model,"The Arizona Republic,2004-5-2,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/AR%20Western%20cities%20are%20new%20urban%20model.htm.;Joel Kotkin,The Future of the Tech Savvy City:How New York and Other Cities Can Continue to Grow Into High-Tech Rubs,http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdfs/pdfs/The%20Future%20of%20the%20Tech%20Savvy%20C ity.pdf,2006-3-17:Joel Kotkin,The Core City in the New Economy,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/centerdig2.rtf,2006-3-17:Joel Kotkin and Ross C.DeVol,Knowledge-value Cities in the Digital Age,http://www.milkeninstitute.org/pdf/kvdc.pdf,2001-2-13:乔尔·科特金:《全球城市史》(王旭等译),北京·社会科学文献出版社,2006年版,第256-271页。
[1]Frederick W.Wirt,Power in the City:Decision Making in San Francisco(Berkeley:University of California Press,1974),p.14.
[2]John H.Mollenkopf,The Contested City(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1983),pp.3-46,139-212.
[3]Chester Hartman,The Transformation of San Francisco(Rowman&Allanheld Publishers,1984),p.319.
[4]Richard A.Walker,An Appetite for the City:The Battle to Save San Francisco,1960-1990,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/AnAppetiteForTheCity,html.1997-2.
[1]Joseph A.Rodriguez,City Against Suburb:The Culture Wars in an American Metropolis(Westport:Praeger,1999).
[2]参见:http://www.spur.org/,2006-7-6.
[3]Marilynn S.Johnson,The Second Gold Rush:Oakland and the East Bay in World War Ⅱ(Berkeley:University of California Press,1993).
[4]Mark Rosenstein,The Rise of Maritime Containerization in the Port of Oakland:1950 to 1970,http://www.apparent-wind.com/mbr/maritime-writings/thesis.pdf,2005-9-13.
[5]Edward C.Hayes,Power Structure and Urban Policy:Who Rules in Oakland?(New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1972).
[1]Robert O.Self,"California's Industrial Garden:Post-World War Ⅱ Metropolitan Development in the East Bay,"http://west.stanford.edu/events/edge_conference/papers/SELFpaper.DOC%202,2006-7-22;Robert O.Self,American Babylon:Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003),http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7634.html,2006-5-25.;Robert O.Self,"Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay,"http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[2]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose,"Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.21,No.1(Oct.,1967),pp.73-91;Sidney H.Ingerman,"Wage Structure Formation:San Jose Revisited," Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.21,No.4(Jul.,1968),pp.583-588.;Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,[Wage Structure Formation:San Jose Revisited]:Reply,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.21,No.4(Jul.,1968),pp.589-593.
[3]Morrison P.A.,Urban Growth and Decline:San Jose and St.Louis in the 1960' s,Science.1974 Aug 30;185(153),pp.757-762.
[1]Edwin A.Beilharz,et al.,San Jose,California's First City(Continental Heritage Pr,1980).;Clyde Arbuckle,Clyde Arbuckle's history of San Jose:...chronicling San Jose's founding as California's earliest pueblo in 1777,through exciting and tumultuous history...the way for today's metropolitan San Jose(Smith & McKay Printing Co.,1985).;Kathleen Muller,San Jose:City With a Past(San Jose Historical Museum,1988).
[2]Madge Saksena,San Jose in the County of Santa Clara:John R.Douglas,Historical footnotes of Santa Clara Valley(San Jose Historical Museum Association,1993);Advantages of the City of San Jose,California,as a Manufacturing Center(San Jose:San Jose Historical Museum Association,1990).
[3]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势——硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争》(曹蓬等译),上海远东出版社,1999年版。
[4]Stanford Environmental Law Society,San Jose:Sprawling on Land Use Policies and Practices in San Jose,California(March,1971),p.2.
[5]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,Movers and Shakers(New York:St.Martin's Press,1982).
[6]Glenna Mattews,"'The Los Angeles of the North' San Jose's Transition From Fruit Capital to High-Tech Metropolis,"Journal of Urban History,Vol.25,No.4(May 1999).
[1]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,San Jose Economic Development Strategy(November 2003).http://www.sjeconomy.com,2005-6-12.
[2]Mel Scott,The San Francisco Bay Area:A Metropolis in Perspective(Berkeley:University of California Press,1985).
[1]James E.Vance,Jr.,Geography and Urban Evolution in the San Francisco Bay Area(Berkeley:Institute of Government Studies,University of California,1964) p.86.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Charles Wollenberg,Golden Gate Metropolis:Perspectives on Bay Area History(Berkeley:Institute of Governmental Studies,University of California,1985).
[4]Joseph Anthony Rodriguez,The Making of a Multicentered Metropolis:Physical Communication and Urban Rivalry in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1970,Dissertation(University of California,Berkeley,1990).
[1]Darrell Hoerter and Micheal Wiseman,Metropolitan Development in the San Francisco Bay Area (University of California,Berkeley,2001).
[2]卡尔·艾博特《大都市边疆——当代美国西部城市》(王旭等译),北京·商务印书馆,1998年版。
[3]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,吉林长春·东北师范大学出版社,1994年版,第145-148页。
[4]王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,湖南长沙·岳麓书社,2003年版,第269-279。
[5]王旭:《美国城市发展模式》,第249-252页。
[1]高珮义:《中外城市化比较研究》,天津·南开大学出版社,2004年版,第3页。
[1]安东尼·奥罗姆、陈向明:《城市的世界——对地点的比较分析和历史分析》(曾茂娟、任远译),上海人民出版社,2005年,第2页。
[2]central city,http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861687339/central_city.html,2006-7-26.
[1]沃纳·赫希:《城市经济学》(刘世庆等详),北京·中国社会科学出版社,1990年版,第24页。
[2]梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第149-150页。
[3]梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第201-204页。
[4]U.S.Census Bureau,Census 2000,Appendix A.Census 2000 Geographic Terms and Concepts,http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/glossry2.pdf,2006-4-11.
[5]参见:王旭:《美国城市发展模式》,第306页。
[1]Kent Lightfoot,Investigating the human impact on the Bay environment,http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/museum/events/shortcourse2002/lightfoot.html,2006-5-24.
[2]Arthur C.Smith,Introduction to the Natural History of San Francisco Bay Region(Berkeley:University of California Press,1959),p.7.
[3]参见:Frank Soulé,et al.,The Annals of San Francisco,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbann2-1.htm,2006-7-16.
[4]Arthur C.Smith,pp.7-10.
[1]Gladys Hansen,San Francisco Almanac:Everyting you want to know about The City(San Francisco:Chronicle Books,1975),p.17.
[2]Ibid.,p.17.
[3]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》(秦士勉译),北京·商务印书馆,1973年版,第395页。
[4]John Hart,The San Francisco Bav:Portrait of an Estuary,p.23.,http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9622/9622.samples.pdf,2006-4-13.
[5]Rand Richards,Historic San Francisco:A Concise History and Guide(San Francisco:Heritage House Publishers,1991),p.2.
[1]Kent Lightfoot,Investigating the human impact on the Bay environment.
[2]Rand Richards,p.3.
[3]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,The Silicon Valley of Dreams:Environmental Injustice,Immigrant Workers,and the High-Tech Global Economy(New York University Press,2002),p.28.
[1]Br.Guire Cleary,S.S.F,Mission Dolores,http://www.sfhistoryencyclopedia.com/articles/m/missionDolores2.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Frank Soulé et al.,The Annals of San Francisco.
[3]Mel Scott,The San Francisco Bay Area:A Metropolis in Perspective,p.12.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Br.Guire Cleary,S.S.F,Mission Dolores.
[6]Mel Scott,p.12.
[1]The First Census of Pueblo San Jose,1777,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/spanish/cen1777.htm,2006-7-17.
[2]The Census of 1790 California,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/spanish/cen1790.htm#sanjose,2006-5-24.
[3]S.J.Jones,The Gold Country of the Sierra Nevada in California(Transactions and Papers(Institution of British Geographers)),(No.15,1949),p.115.
[4]Stephen J.Pitti,The Devil in Silicon Valley:Northern California,Race,and Mexican Americans (Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003),pp.18-20.
[5]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,The Beginnings of San Francisco from the Expedition of Anza,1774 to the City Charter of April 15,1850 With Biographical and Other Notes,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegidx.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Guadalupe Vallejo,Ranch and Mission Days in Alta California,http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist2/rancho2.html,2006-5-24.
[3]Stephen J.Pitti,p.20.
[4]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,p.31.
[1]Robert H.Jackson,The Dynamic of Indian Demographic Collapse in the San Francisco Bay Missions,Alta California,1776-1840,American Indian Quarterlv,Vol.16,No.2.(Spring,1992),p.143.
[2]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,The Beginnings of San Francisco from the Expedition of Anza,1774 to the City Charter of April 15,1850 With Biographical and Other Notes.http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegidx.htm,2006-5-24.
[3]Stephen J.Pitti,p.22.
[1]奥克兰市的前身。
[2]Natural Resource Department,Range Resource Management Plan,p.5.,http://www.ebmud.com/water_&_environment/environmental_protection/east_bay/range_resource_managament_plan/rrmp_0401.pdf,2001-12.
[3]California Historical Society,Mexican California:The Heyday of the Ranchos,http://www.californiahistory.net/ranchos_frame_life,htm,2006-5-24.
[4]James E.Vance,Jr.,Geography and Urban Evolution in the San Francisco Bay Area,p.7.
[1]From the 1820s to the Gold Rush,San Francisco News Letter,September 1925,http://www.sfmuseum.org/histl/early.html,2006-7-22.
[2]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.6.
[3]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.7.
[4]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,The Beginnings of San Francisco from the Expedition of Anza,1774 to the City Charter of April 15,1850 With Biographical and Other Notes,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbeg15.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.7.
[3]Frank Soulé et al.,The Annals of San Francisco,http://www.zpub.com/sf50/sf/hbann1-4.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Mel Scott,pp.19-20.
[5]Your Old House:Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chapt2,pdf,2006-7-5.
[1]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,General Mariano G.Vallejo(1808-1890),http://www.sfmuseum.net/bio/valleio.html,2006-6-21.
[2]Linda Heidanreich,Mobilizing Linear Histories:Violence,the Printed Word,and the Construction of Euro-American Identities in an "American Coungy",Journal of American Ethnic History,Spring 2004.pp.44-53.
[3]Rbert Wayne Eversole,Towns In Mexican Alta California:A Social History Of Montery,San Jose,Santa Barbara,and Los Angeles,1822-1846,Dissertation,Unversity of California,San Diego,1986,http://wwwlib.global.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f1131061,2006-7-22.
[1]张友伦:《美国西进运动探要》,北京·人民出版社,2005年版,第131页。
[2]王旭:《美国城市史》,第65页。
[3]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第41页。
[1]S.J.Jones,The Gold Country of the Sierra Nevada in California,p.138,
[2]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》,第397页。
[3]James E.Vance,Jr.,p.9.
[4]The Gold Rush:California Transformed,http://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/6_1_2.htm,2006-5-24.
[5]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》,第393页。
[6]Roger W.Lotchin,San Francisco,1846-1856:From Ramlet to City(New York:Oxford University Press,1974),pp.65-67.
[1]Roger W.Lotchin,p.58.
[2]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》,第395页。
[3]此处旧金山的建立,是指在美国统治下,旧金山根据加州宪法而建立的时间。与墨西哥统治时期的耶尔巴布埃那市、美国刚刚军事占领时期所改名的旧金山市,政治和法律地位不同。
[4]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第11页。
[5]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第11页。
[1]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第12页。
[2]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第15页。
[3]http://www.levistrauss.com/responsibility/
[1]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturiug in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1940," Journal of Historical Geography,(27,1,2001),p.54,注7.
[2]Mel Scott,pp.74-75.
[3]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1940," p.44.
[4]S.J.Jones,pp.134-137.
[5]James E.Vance,Jr.,p.34.
[6]费利切·博纳迪奥:《美国银行家詹尼尼——美洲银行创业史》(白景山等译),北京·新华出版社,1997年版,第10页。
[1]费利切·博纳迪奥:《美国银行家詹尼尼》,第10-11页。
[2]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.21.
[3]Kerry A.Odell,Capital Mobilization and Regional Financial Markets:The Pacific Coast States,1850-1920(New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1992).pp.77-85.
[4]Rand Richards,p.102.
[5]Kerry A.Odell,p.69.
[6]关于城市与金融中心的关系,参见Kerry A.Odell,p.31.
[1]Kerry A.Odell,pp.4、48-49、51.
[2]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.24.
[3]San Francisco Pop,http://www.abag.ca.gov/abag/overview/datacenter/popdemo/sanfran.html,2006-4-21.
[4]Gunther Barth,Instant Cities:Urbanization and the Rise of San Francisco and Denver(New York:Oxford University Press,1975),p.ⅷ.
[5]History of the Peralta Family and the Rancho San Antonio,http://www.peraltahacienda.org/history.html,2006-5-24.
[1]Mel,scott,p.33.
[2]1852年,卡彭特为奥克兰市命名,意为橡树之地。此前奥克兰被称为康特拉科斯塔。参见:L.Eve Armentrout Ma,Hometown Chinatown:The History of Oakland" s Chinese Community(New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.2000),p.5.
[3]Ibid.,p.6.
[4]Ibid.,p.7.
[5]Frank Soulé et al.,The Annals of San Francisco,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbannidx.htm,2006-5-24.
[6]Marilynn S.Johnson,The Second GoldRush:Oakland and the East Bay in World War Ⅱ(Berkeley:University of California Press,1993),p.14.
[1]Sarah S.Elkind,Bay Cities and Water Politics:The Battle of Resources in Boston and Oakland (Lawrence:University Press of Kansas,1998),P.29.
[2]诺里斯:《章鱼—一个加利福尼亚的故事)(吴劳详),上海译文出版社,1984年版,第52页。
[3]Sarah S.Elkind,p.30
[4]参见:L.Eve Armentrout Ma,p.7、19,Sarah S.Elkind,pp.29-31.
[5]Mel Scott,p.73.
[1]Charles Wollenberg,p.133.
[2]L.Eve Armentrout Ma,p.17.
[3]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.25.
[4]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850- 1940," p.45.
[5]Ibid.,p.46.
[6]J.雷布斯:《美国两部城市规划史》,纽约1979年版,第72页。转引自王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第30-31页。
[7]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.25.
[1]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,The Silicon Valley of P reams:Environmental Injustice,Immigrant Workers,and the High-Tech Global Economy(New York University Press,2002),p.35.
[2]http://www.ci.san-jose.ca.us/planning/sjplan/data/factsheet/demographics.html
[3]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/history.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]对此,Mary Bowden Carroll有不同看法,认为失去州府资格并无损于圣何塞的稳定繁荣。参见:Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div13)),2006-2-10.
[1]John Hayes,"One of Our Farming Counties:Santa Clara,"Overland Monthly and Out West Magazine,Volume Ⅺ,No.3,(September 1873),pp.234-241.,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/santaclara/history/sescvall.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book(San Jose:Press of Popp & Hogan,1903),http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div20)),2006-2-10.
[3]费利切·博纳迪奥:《美国银行家詹尼尼》,第3页。个别字略有改动。
[1]History of the Peninusula Commute Route,http://www.ggrm.org/about_the_museum/history/peninsula,htm,2006-5-24.
[2]California Trolley and Railroad Corporation,Railroading In The Santa Clara Valley,http://www.ctrc.org/history=santaclara.html,2006-5-24.
[3]Your Old House:Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chapt2.pdf,2006-7-5.
[4]Mary Borden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div13)),2006-2-10.
[5]T.S.Kenderdine,California revisite,1858-1897,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk164div10)),2006-5-24.
[6]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/shd.htm,2006-5-24.
[7]California Trolley and Railroad Corporation,Railroading In The Santa Clara Valley,http://www.ctrc.org/history_santaclara.html,2006-5-24.
[8]Glenna Matthews,The Community Study:Ethnicity and Success in San Jose,Journal of Interdisciplinary History,Vol.7,No.2,Social Mobility in past Time,(Autumn,1776),pp.306-309.
[1]根据1870年联邦政府对圣何塞市及其周围地区的职业统计表分析,有20张表,参见:Index of /~cenfiles/ca/santaclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward01,http://www.rootsweb.com/~cenfiles/ca/santaclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward01/,Index of /~cenfiles/ca/santaclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward02,http://www.rootsweb,com/~cenfiles/ca/sant aclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward02/,2006-5-24.
[2]Glenna Matthews,The Community Study:Ethnicity and Success in San Jose,p.313.
[3]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"Movers and Shakers(New York:St.Martin's Press,1982),http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book(San Jose:Press of Popp & Hogan,1903),http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div13)),2006-2-10.
[5]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"Movers and Shakers(New York:St.Martin's Press,1982),http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[6]H.S.Foote ed.,"The Press History of The Newspapers and Journals of Santa Clara County- from 1850 to 1888," Pen Pictures From The Garden of the World or Santa Clara County,California,Illustrated.(Chicago:The Lewis Publishing Company,1888),pp.102-108.,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/santaclara/history/scpress.htm,2006-5-24
[7]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第24页。
[8]Maurice H.Newmark and Marco R.Newmark eds.,Sixty years in Southern California,1853-1913,containing the reminiscences of Harris Newmark(New York:The Knickerbocker Press,1916),http://Icweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbkO23div46)),2006-2-12.
[1]Mel Scott,p.81.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div24)),2006-2-12.这里所用的倍数,是笔者的逻辑推理。因为当时圣何塞的发展没有很大的起伏。从人口增长来说,圣何塞市1900年约21500人,1903年为25000人。人口增长并不很多。这期间,圣何塞市经济发展平缓,经济结构调整不明显。所以,按照一般正常发展,1900年时的经济状况比1903年的经济状况稍差,但不会相差很大。
[1]杰里·卡麻利洛·邓:《旧金山》(杨俊锋等译),沈阳·辽宁教育出版社 2002年版,第31页。
[1]Mel Scott,p.119.
[2]Ibid.,p.133.
[3]Ibid.,p.136.
[1]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850- 1940,",p.45.
[2]Ibid.,p.44.
[3]Gerald D Nash,The American West in The Twentieth Century:A Short History of An Urban Oasis (Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1973),p.103.
[4]Mel Scott,p.137.
[5]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第84页。
[6]Gerald D Nash,The American West in The Twentieth Century:A Short History of An Urban Oasis,p.172.
[1]Ibid.,p.105.
[2]A Brief History,http://www.sanfranciscomemories.com/ppie/history,html,2006-6-28.
[3]Anna Burrows,The San Francisco Golden Gate Exhibition 1939-1940,http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1939snfr.html,2006-6-28.
[4]Tom Moriarity,The Fair Closes,California-Magazine of the Pacific,November 1939,http://www.sfmuseum.net/histS/ggie.html.
[5]Mel Scott,p.134.
[1]Mel Scott,p.142.
[2]参见:Marilynn S.Johnson,p.28.
[1]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.63.
[2]Ibid.,p.65.
[3]Roger W.Lotchin,"The Metropolitan-Military Complex In Comparative Perspective:San Francisco,Los Angeles,and San Diego,1919-1941," Journal of West,1979,(18):pp.20-23.
[4]Mel Scott,p.137.
[1]Mel Scott,p.123.
[2]Ibid.,p.140.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.19.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1940," p.48.
[3]Ibid.,p.46.
[4]G.H.埃尔德:《大萧条的孩子们》(田禾等译),江苏南京·译林出版社,2002年版,第25页。
[5]Robert O.Self,California' s Industrial Garden:Post-World War Ⅱ Metropolitan Development in the East Bay,http://west.stanford.edu/events/edge_conference/papers/SELFpaper.DOC%202,2004-12-3.
[1]G.H.埃尔德:《大萧条的孩子们》,第26-27,473-475页。
[2]Marilyna S.Johnson,p.28.
[3]Winter & Company,Guide For Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chalet2.pdf.2003-8-15.
[4]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div23)),2006-2-10.
[5]Ibid.
[1]Philip L.Fradkin,The Great Earthquake and Firestorms of 1906:How San Francisco Nearly Destroyed Itself(San Francisco:The University of California Press,2005),http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9539/9539.ch01.html,2006-5-24.
[2]Herbert D.Russell,"Effects of the 1906 Earthquake in San Jose," Lest We Forget:Complete Story of the San Francisco Horror,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/santaclara/history/sc1906.htm.2006-5-24.
[3]San Jose,California,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose%2C_California.另,当时奥克兰市只损失50万美元,死亡5人.
[4]George W.Bryan,The lure of the past,the present and future;historical and descriptive observations and impressions of the past,present and future.1911,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk019div14)),2006-2-18.
[5]Santa Clara County:California's Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/shd.htm,2006-2-19.
[6]San Jose,California,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose%2C_California,2006-05-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Emily Gee,A Historical and Spiritual Map of San Jose,http://www.the-river.org/resources/sanjose.pdf,2004-3-1.
[3]Galenna Matthews,"The Fruit Workers of the Santa Clara Valley:Alternative Paths to Union Organization during the 1930S",Pacific Historical Review Vol.LⅣ,Number 1.(1985 Feb.),p.52.
[4]Emily Gee,A Historical and Spiritual Map of San Jose,http://www.the-river.org/resources/sanjose.pdf,2004-3-1.
[5]Galenna Matthews,"The Fruit Workers of the Santa Clara Valley:Alternative Paths to Union Organization during the 1930S",p.56.
[6]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,p.57.
[7]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/economic.htm,2006-2-19.
[8]FMC History,http://www.fmc.com/Corporate/FMCHistory/tabid/730/Default.aspx?PageContentID=6,2006-2-19.
[1]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/economic.htm,2006-2-19.
[2]Emily Gee,A Historical and Spiritual Map of San Jose,http://www.the-river.org/resources/sanjose.pdf,2004-3-1.
[3]Heather Shaw,A Brief History of San Jose,California,http://www.perlmonth.com/hotel reservation/California/San_Jose/history.htm,2005-10-12.
[4]范泓然 等:《回望硅谷》,江苏·苏州大学出版社,2001年版,第6页。
[5]参见:ABAG,Historical Bay Area Population,http://www.abag.ca.gov/abag/overview/datacenter/popdemo/poplist.html,2004-12-25.
[1]Gerald D Nash,World War Ⅱ and The West:Reshaping The Economy(University of Nebraska,1990),p.ⅹⅱ.
[2]卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第8页。
[1]Paul Rhode,"The Nash thesis revisited:an economic historian's view," Pacific Historical Review,1994,Vol.,63,(3):p.376.
[2]Mel Scott,p.256.
[3]Wayne Bonnett,"World War Ⅱ Shipbuilding in the San Francisco Bay Area",Bidld Ships! San Francisco Bay Wartime Shipbuilding PhotoKraphs(Sausalito:Windgate Press),http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/shipbuilding.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.66.
[1]Mel Scott,p.244.
[2]M.L.Shettle,Jr.,Naval Air Facility,Treasure Island,http://www/militarymuseum.org/NAFTressureIsland,html,2006-5-24.
[3]Gordon Chappell,The U.S.Army' s San Francisco Port of Fmbarkation in World War Ⅱ,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]"100 Hunters Point Families Out," The San Francisco News,March 10,1942,http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/hpseize.html.
[2]Mark Ciabattari,"San Francisco:The Making of a Uni-Class City," The North American Review,December,1983,p.52.
[3]Gerald D Nash,The American West in The Twentieth Century:A Short History of An Urban Oasis,p.210.
[4]Mel Scott,p.253.
[5]Oakland History Timeline,http://www.oaklandnet.com/celebrate/Historytimeline.htm,2006-5-24.
[6]Ibid.
[7]Gordon Chappell,The U.S.Army' s San Francisco Port of Embarkation in World War Ⅱ,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Oakland History Timeline,http://www.oaklandnet.com/celebrate/Historytimeline.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Moore Dry Dock Company,Oakland CA,Record of WWII Shipbuilding,http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/moore.htm,2006-5-25.
[3]Oakland History Timeline,http://www.oaklandnet.com/celebrate/Historytimeline.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Chris Rhomberg,"Collective Actors and Urban Regimes:Class Formation and the 1946 Oakland General Strike," Theory and Socieey Vol.24,No.4(AUG.,1995),p.577.
[6]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.143.
[7]Charles Wollenberg,p.245.
[8]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.63.
[1]Mel Scott,p.249.
[2]Chris Rhomberg,p.577.
[3]Marilynn S.Johnson,pp.57-59.
[4]Richard A.Walker,Oakland:Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R-Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf 2006-5-24
[5]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,p.59.
[6]Ibid.
[1]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Jack Douglas,"Ernie Renzel:City Reformer from Naglee Park," The Adrisor,Volume 31,Number 4,March 2005,http://gems.es-designs.com/newsite/0503Advisorweb.pdf.
[1]参见:Frank Hobbs and Nicole Stoops,Demographic Trends in the 20th Century,November 2002,p.33.
[1]参见:James E.Vance,Jr.,pp.42-47,72-77.
[2]ABAG,The Changing Dynamic between Cities and Suburbs in the San Francisco Bay Area,http://www.abag.ca.gov/planning/interdependence/interdependencec.html,2006-7-7.
[3]参见:阿瑟·奥沙利文:《城市经济学》(苏晓燕等译),北京·中信出版社,2003年版,第247-250页。
[1]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.67.
[2]Earl Pomeroy,The Pacific Slope:A History of California,Oregon,Washington,Idaho,Utah,and Nevada(Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press,1965),p.307.
[3]Charles A.Fracchia,p.20.
[4]Mel Scott,p.271.
[5]Ibid.,p.272.
[6]Jasper Rubin,"The Decline of the Port,",http://www.spur.org/documents/Portdecline.pdf.1999-11.
[7]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.46.
[1]R.D.诺顿:《城市生命周期与美国的城市政策》,第76页。转引自,梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第162页。
[1]Mel Scott,p.137.
[2]Mel Scott,p.262.
[3]Mel Scott,p.267.
[4]Michael S.McGill,"The High-Rise Hegira:From Nostalgia for the Good Old Days to Mandatory Post-Modernism," SPUR Report,No.376,(7,1999),http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_02.shtm.
[5]John H.Mollenkopf,p.160.
[6]持此观点的,有马林柯夫、沃伦堡、哈伯特、布莱金斯基等。参见:John H.Mollenkopf,pp.151-190.;Charles Wollenberg,pp.326-327.;David Habert,"50 Years of Redevelopment," SPUR Newsletter,March 1999,http://www.spur.org/documents/990301_article_01.shtm;Rachel Brahinsky et at.,"Saving San Francisco:A 50-year chronology,"The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://www.sfbg.com/News/35/03/03chron.html:Alcaldes & Mayors,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hgmay.htm,2006-5-25.实际上,在90年代,在乔丹、布朗担任市长期间,他们也是倾向发展的、倾向再开发的。
[1]David Habert,"50 Years of Redevelopment," SPUR Newsletter,March 1999,http://www.spur.org/documents/990301_article_01.shtm.
[2]李艳玲:《美国城市更新运动与内城改造》,上海大学出版社,2004年版,第2页。
[3]参见:李艳玲:《美国城市更新运动与内城改造》,第11页。在旧金山市,城市再开发是由市再开发局领导。从50年代起所进行的钻石高地、西附区(West Addition Area)第一、第二期工程、金门大道工程等,均被官方列为城市再开发项目。为避免混淆和行文方便,本文依据旧金山市的官方说法,涉及这些项目时称再开发项目。
[1]Charles A.Fracchia,p.68.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Richard A.Walker,An Appetite for the City:The Battle to Save San Francisco,1960-1990,Feb.1997,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/AnAppetiteForTheCity.html.
[4]Charles A.Fracchia,p.68.
[5]Richard A.Walker,An Appetite for the City:The Battle to Save San Francisco,1960-1990,Feb.1997,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/AnAppetiteForTheCity.html
[6]G.William Domhoff,"Urban Renewal And The Growth Machine," Who Rules America Now?(Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1983),pp.173-184.http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/news/urban.htm,2006-5-25.
[1]John H.Mollenkopf,pp.141-142.
[2]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[3]Carole Selter Norris,How a City Was Changed Forever,http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/127/review.html,2006-7-22.
[4]John King,Timeline:Bringing up San Francisco's skyline,2004-10-22,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/10/22/MNCITY6_TIMELINE.DTL.
[1]John H.Mollenkopf,p.204.
[2]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[3]Tim Redmond,The dot-com road to ruin:The perils of turning San Francisco into a one-crop economy,2000-10-18,http://sfbg.com/News/35/03/03econ.html.
[4]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[5]李艳玲:《对美国城市更新运动的总体分析与评价》,载《上海大学学报》(社会科学版),2001年第6期,第78页。
[6]王旭:《美国两海岸大城市研究》,第147页。
[7]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[8]John H.Mollenkopf,p.265.
[1]Rachel Brahinsky et al,Saving San Francisco:A 50-year chronology,The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://www.sfbg.com/News/35/03/03chron.html.
[2]卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第112页。
[3]John King,The Skyline,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/10/22/MNCITY6.DTL,2004-10-22.
[4]Ibid.
[1]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[2]Rachel Brahinsky et al,"Saving San Francisco:A 50-year chronology," The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://www.sfbg.com/News/35/03/03chron.html.
[3]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[4]Ibid.
[5]参见:卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第156页。
[1]Joseph Anthony Rodriguez,The Making of a Multicentered Metropolis:Physical Communication and Urban Rivalry in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1970,Dissertation,(University of California,Berkeley,1990),p.206.
[2]Ibid.,p.205.
[3]较为全面的理解城市更新与高速公路建设之间的关系,参见:苏宁:《美国房地产开发商与中心城市改造——以城市更新运动为中心(1949-1974)》,厦门大学博士论文,2005年8月,第131-139页。
[4]Charles A.Fracchia,p.78.
[1]BART Concept Is Born,http://www.bart.gov/about/history/history_2,asp,2006-5-25.
[1]A New Railroad Takes Shape,http://www.bart.gov/about/history/history_6.asp,2006-5-25.
[2]Your Old House:Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chapt2.pdf,2006-7-5.
[3]关于购物城的发展情况,参见王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,第76-81页。
[4]James E.Vance,Jr.,pp.72-74.
[5]Ibid.
[1]San Francisco in the 1970s,http://www.groceteria.net/sanfrancisco/1970.html,2006-5-25.
[2]James E.Vance,Jr.,Geography and Urban Evolution in the San Francisco Bay Area(Berkeley:Institute of Government Studies,University of California,1964).pp.80-81.
[3]Charles Wollenberg,p.330.
[4]Frederick M.Wirt,p.172.
[1]A Study of Growth and Economic Stature of the Nine Bay Area Countries(San Francisco:Economic Research Division,Security Pacific National Bank,April,1971),p.69.,转引自:Frederick M.Wirt,p.172.
[2]A Study of Growth and Economic Stature of the Nine Bay Area Countries,Economic Research Division,Security Pacific National Bank,p.58.,转引自:Frederick M.Wirt,p.173.
[3]Jason Philip Gruen,Manifest Destinations:Tourist Encounters in the Urban American West,1869-1893,University of California,Berkeley,Dissertation,Fall,2004,preface,pp.ⅵ-ⅶ.
[4]Ibid.,pp.295-315.
[5]Charles Wollenberg,pp.326-327.
[6]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.67.
[1]John Marks,1997...A Record Breaking Year,http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases1998/SFCVB1997_Jan98.html,2006-5-25.
[2]Charles Wollenberg,p.329.
[3]Michael A.Goldberg and Gerald R.Walter,"Forecasting Employment and Industrial Location in the San Francisco Bay Area,"California Management Review,Summer 1968,p.21.table-ⅵ.
[1]Nathan Landau,"Showdown at Showplace Square:Does San Francisco Have Room for Industry? "The Urban/Rural Edge,Issue 8,(April 2005),http://www.americancity.org/article.php?id article=115.
[2]Charles A.Fracchia,p.53.
[3]Pier 70 San Francisco:History of Potrero Point Shipyards and Industry,http://pier70sf.org/history/p70_history,html,2006-5-25.
[4]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,pp.70-71.
[5]Ibid.,p.71.
[6]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair,July 2002,p.17.http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/communityplanning/pdf/pdr_report.pdf.
[1]韩增林、安筱鹏:《集装箱港口发展与布局研究》,北京·海洋出版社,2006年版,第9页。
[1]Jasper Rubin,"The Decline of the Port,"http://www.spur.org/documents/Portdecline.pdf,1999-11.
[2]Scott Campbell,"Increasing Trade,Declining Port Cities:Port Containerization and the Regional Diffusion of Economic Benefits," Trading Industries,Trading Regions:International Trade,American Industry and RegionalEconomic Development,eds.,Helzi Noponen,Julie Graham,Ann R.Markusen,(New York,NY:Guilford Press,1993),p.221.,转引自:Technology and Location of Freight Transportation,Distribution,and Manufacturing Jobs,The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America,September 1995,http://www.smartgrowth.org/pdf/TTROMA.pdf.
[3]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.70.
[4]Mark Ciabattari,"San Francisco:The Making of a Uni-Class City," The North American Review,December,1983,p.52.
[1]Ibid.
[2]John King,Timeline:Bringing up San Francisco's skyline,Friday,2004-10-22,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f:/c/a/2004/10/22/MNCITY6_TIMELINE.DTL.
[1]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[2]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[3]持此观点的有多位学者。参见:Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.;Savannah Blackwell,"The battle for San Francisco:How big developers,with the help of Mayor Willie Brown,are moving to bulldoze the neighborhoods," The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://sfbg.com/News/35/03/03propm.html.
[4]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[5]Charles A.Fracchia,p.80.
[1]San Francisco Planning and Urban Renewal Association,The History of SPUR,http://www.spur.org/about_history.shtm,2006-5-25.
[1]Peter Dailey,Bay Crossings Working Waterfront,http://www.baycrossings.com/Archives/2003/02_March/working_waterfront_peter_dailey,_port_o f_san_francisco,htm,2006-5-25.
[2]Port of San Francisco,$19,940,000 Port Commission Refunding Revenue Bonds,Series 2004,p.19.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/port_page.asp?id=36421,2006-3-13.
[3]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in the Eastern Heighborhoods,2002,p.1.关于PDR产业,经济和规划系统公司(EPS Economic&Planning Systems,Inc.)也给出了自己的定义。它认为旧金山对PDR产业的就业定义有唯一性,不同于州与联邦标准。为衡量长期趋势,应采取“工业”就业,即用建筑、制造业、交通、通讯、设备以及批发业等来代替。虽然,这些产业与PDR不完全一致,但有很多重合。参见:Economic & Planning Systems,Inc.,Supply/Demand Study For Production,Distribution,and Repair(PDR) in San Francisco's Eastern Neighborhoods,p.29.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/Citywide/pdf/14158FinRpt1.pdf,2006-7-22.
[1]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair,July 2002,p.20.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/comunityplanning/pdf/pdr_report.pdf.
[2]Julia Hollister,"Printing & Publishing:An Industry Transformed by Technology,"California Job Journal,February 1,2004,http://www.jobjournal.com/article_full_text.asp?artid=1043.
[3]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair,July 2002,p.20.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/comunityplanning/pdf/pdr_report.pdf.
[4]Karen Chapple,The Transformation of Traditional Industries in San Francisco:the Cases of Printing and Apparel Manufacturing.IURD Working Paper #701.(Berkeley:Institute of Urban and Regional Development,1998),p.19.,注释4.
[1]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in the Eastern Neighborhoods,p.2.
[2]Ibid.
[1]Richard F.Muhlebach,"Retail Cycles Through The Decades,"http://retailtrafficmag.com/mag/retail_retail_cycles_decades/,2006-5-25.
[2]John Mccloud,"California Finds Gold At End of Rainbow,"http://retailtrafficmag.com/mag/retail_california_finds_gold/,1999-9-1.
[3]Tamara Thompson,"The chain gang:If most San Franciscans oppose chain stores,why won't the city keep them out?"October 7,1998,http://www.sfbg.com/News/33/01/Features/chains.html.
[4]John Mccloud,"California Finds Gold At End of Rainbow,"http://retailtrafficmag.com/mag/retail_california_finds_gold/,1999-9-1.
[1]Tamara Thompson,"The chain gang:If most San Franciscans oppose chain stores,why won't the city keep them out?"October 7,1998,http://www.sfbg.com/News/33/01/Features/chains.html.
[2]City and County of San Francisco Planning Department,Area Plan:Downtown(Part 1),http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning.index.asp?id=25010,2006-5-25.
[3]Scott Messmore,"Jugglers,Sea Lions and Showmanship,"http://pier-39.visit-san-francisco.com/,2006-5-25.
[1]Elizabeth Davies,Tourism in California,pp.18-19.,http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-107,pdf,2006-5-25.
[2]City and County of San Francisco Planning Department,Area Plan:Chinatown,http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning_index,asp?id=24892,2006-3-19.黑体字表示原文如此。
[3]John Marks,1997...A Record Breaking Year,http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases1998/SFCVB1997_Jan98.html,2006-5-25.
[4]Steven E.Spickard,Economic Impact of Convention and Conference Centers,ERA Issue Paper,1996,p.5.http://www.hotel-online.com/Trends/ERA/ERAImpactConventionCenters.html,2006-7-22.
[5]Gavin Newsom,"Art For The City,A City For The Arts," http://www.gavinnewsom.com/index.php?id=18,2006-05-25.
[6]Ann Markusen and David King,The Artistic Dividend:The Arts' Hidden Contributions to Regional Development,p.3.,http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/6158/artistic_dividend,pdf,2006-7-22.
[7]Ben Stone,The Arts As An Industry:A Report on the Economic Impact of the Non-Profit Arts Organizations in Sonoma County(The SonomaCounty Economic Development Board,Sumpter 2001),p.4.http://www.sonamacountymuseum.com/pdf/2000ArtsReport.pdf,2006-7-22.
[1]Gavin Newsom,"Art For The City,A City For The Arts," http://www.gavinnewsom.com/index.php?id=18,2005-05-25.
[2]Arts Scene Draws Visitor Applause,http://www.sfcvb.org/travel=media/press,asp?rid=47&cid=5,2006-5-25.
[3]John Marks,1997...A Record Breaking Year,http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases1998/SFCVB1997_Jan98.html,2006-5-25.
[4]San Francisco Convention & Visitors Bureau,"Tourism is Now San Francisco's Major Industry and Vital Source of Employment and Local Taxes".SFCVB(December 2004),p.1.
[5]James J.Rawls and Walton Bean,California:An Interpretive History,(Boston:McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,1998),pp.501-504.
[1]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第205页。
[2]The United States Conference of Mayors,The Role of Travel and Tourism in America' s Top 100Metropolitan Areas,p.1.,http://www.mayors.org/uscm/news/press_releases/documents/atlanta_report_101702.pdf,2006-7-26.
[3]Elizabeth Davies,Tourism in California,p.18,http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-107.pdf,2006-5-25.
[4]Joel Kotkin,"Western cities are new urban model," The Arizona Republic,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/AR%20Western%20cities%20are%20ne%20urban%20model.htm,2004-5-2.
[5]Sam Zuckerman,"BankAmerica to Reduce San Francisco Office Space," Aerican Banker,Vol.154,Iss.217,p.3.,(Nov 6,1989),p.3.,http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=70031195&SrchMode=l&sid=7&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VTyp e=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1112923914&clientId=41481,2006-5-25.
[1]"North Carolina Case Study:Bank of America Corp.," p.1.,http://www.soc.duke.edu/NC_GlobalEconomy/pdfs/banks/BankingCs_BankofAmerica.pdf,2006-5-25.
[2]Douglas Young,"Bay Areaoutshines Los Angeles in finance arena," Los Angeles Business Journal,http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:19902399/Bay+Area+outshines+Los+Angeles+in+finance+arana~R ~+(San+Francisco+Bay+Area)(L~R~A~R~s+Moneymakers).html?refid=SEO,2006-5-25.
[3]Kent Sims,"San Francisco Economy:Implications for Public Policy,"http://www.spur.org/documents/pdf/000701_report_02.pdf,2006-5-25.
[4]陈宝森:《剖析美国“新经济”》,北京·中国财政经济出版社,2002年版,第48页。
[1]Joel Kotkin,The Future of the Tech Savvy City:How New York and Other Cities Can Continue to Grow Into High-Tech Hubs,http://www.nycfuture.org/imges_pdfs/pdfs/The%20Future%20of&20the%20Tech%20Savvy%20Ci ty.pdf,2006-3-17.
[2]Joel Kotkin,The Urban Future of Technology Industries,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/The%20Urban%20Future%20of%20Technology%20Industrie s.htm,2006-5-25.
[3]参见:克林顿:《美国总统经济报告:2001年》(萧琛等译),北京·中国财政经济出版社,2003年版,第20-22页,第30-32页,第79-83页。
[4]Joel Kotkin,The Core City in the New Economy,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/centerdig2.rtf,2006-3-17.
[5]“新媒体”的产品一般包括文本、音像等多种产品。一股来说,“多媒体”、“新媒体”、“数字媒体”和“交互式数字媒体”的含义相同或相似。David Hyde,The New Media Industry in San Francisco:Implications for City College,City College of San Francisco Office of Research,Planning and Grants,(June 1999),http://www.ccsf.org/Services/Planning/planning/media.pdf,2006-5-25.
[1]Rob Atkinson,Urban Economic Prospects in The New Knowledge Economy,January 19,2001,http://www.ppionline.org/ndol/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=107&subid=294&contentid=2883,2006-5-25.
[2]Joel Kotkin,The Future of the Tech Savvy City:How New York and Other Cities Can Continue to Grow Into High-Tech Hubs,http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdf s/pdfs/The%20Future%20of&20the%20Tech%20Savvy%20Ci ty.pdf,2006-3-17.
[3]Janelle Brown,Multimedia Gulch Summit Tackles SF Problems,http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,10617,00.html,2006-05-25.
[4]Joel Kotkin and Ross C.DeVol,Knowledge-value Cities in the Digital Age,February 13,2001,http://www.milkeninstitute.org/pdf/kvdc.pdf.
[5]Ibid.
[1]BOMA San Francisco Committee on Jobs,SOMA and "New Territories" Parking Expasion:A Pratical Solution to Mitigating San Francisco" s Parking Crisis,http://www.bomasf.org/pdf/news/ParkingPositionPaper,pdf,2006-3-17.
[2]San Francisco Planning Department,Profiles of Community Planning Areas:San Francisco's Eastern Neighborhoods,p.15.,http://sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/communityplanning/pdf/chapter_2.pdf,2006-5-25.
[3]Janelle Brown,Multimedia Gulch Summit Tackles SF Problems,http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,10617,00,html,2006-05-25.
[4]BOMA San Francisco Committee on Jobs,SOMA and "New Territories" Parking Expasion:A Pratical Solution to Mitigating San Francisco's Parking Crisis,http://www.bomasf.org/pdf/news/ParkingPositionPaper.pdf,2006-3-17.
[5]Ibid.
[1]Edward C.Hayes,p.5.
[2]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[3]Robert O.Self,American Babylon:Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland,http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7634,html,2006-5-25.
[4]http://www.oaklandnet.com/government/ceda/revised/planningzoning/MajorProjectsSection/4e-C ult-Historic.doc,2006-3-27.
[1]Chris Rhomberg,"Collective Actors and Urban Regimes:Class Formation and the 1946 Oakland General Strike," Theory and Society,Vol.24,No.4(AUG.,1995),p.579.
[2]Robert O.Self,American Babylon:Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland,http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7634.html,2006-5-25.
[3]Edward C.Hayes,p.6.
[4]Ibid.,p.49.
[1]Robert O.Self,"California's Industrial Garden:Post-World War Ⅱ Metropolitan Development in the East Bay,"http://west.stanford.edu/events/edge_conference/papers/SELFpaper.DOC%202,2006-7-22.
[2]Robert O.Self,"Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay," http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[3]"City History," http://www.ci.san-leandro.ca.us/slcityhistory.html,2006-5-25.
[4]Robert O.Self,"Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay," http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[5]Heather Mac Donald,"Jerry Brown's No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland," City Journal(Autumn 1999),http://www.city-journal.org/html/9_4_a2,btml,2006-5-25.
[6]Robert O.Self,Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay,http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[1]Edward C.Hayes,p.6.
[2]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[3]Edward C.Hayes,p.46.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[3]Ibid.
[4]参见:Steven Raphael,Inter-and Intra-Ethnic Comparisons of the Central City-Suburban Youth Employment Differential:Evidence from the Oakland Metropolitan Area,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.51,No.3,(Apr.,1998),p.507.
[5]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,Unpublished paper,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Edward C.Hayes,p.91.
[3]Ibid.,pp.115-116.
[4]Ibid.,p.120.
[5]"Critical History of Transit Planning and Decisionmaking," p.12,http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/500/590/760905.pdf,2006-3-31.
[1]Heather Mac Donald,"Jerry Brown's No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland," City Journal(Autumn 1999),http://www.city-journal.org/html/9_4_a2.html,2006-5-25.
[1]John Gulick,"The Urban Ecological Contradictions of Port of Oakland Globalism," Capitalism,Nature,Socialism Vol.13,Iss.3,(Sep.2002),http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=000000207882021&SrchMode=5&Fmt=3&retrieveGroup =0&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1082678734&clientId=41481&cfc=1,2006-5-29.
[2]"History," http://www.portofoakland.com/portnyou/history.asp,2006-5-25.
[1]Paula Johnson,Container Back Story,http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/themes/story.38_8.html,2006-5-25.
[2]Jan Owen Jansson and Dan Shneeson,p.20.
[3]League of Women Voters of Oakland Waterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/league/ch2.htm,2006-5-26.
[4]L.Eve Armentrout Ma,p.8.
[5]Resource Development Associates,City of Oakland Weed end Seed Strategic Plan,p.6.,http://www.resourcedevelopment.net/projects/files/weedandseed.pdf,2006-5-26.
[6]Mona Younis,"San Antonio and Fruitvale," Cityscape,Volume 4(Number 2,1998),http://www.huduser.org/Periodicals/CITYSCPE/VOL4NUM2/ch11.pdf,2006-5-25.
[1]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,Unpublished paper,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[2]Mona Younis,"San Antonio and Fruitvale," Cityscape Volume 4(Number 2,1998)http://www.huduser.org/Periodieals/CITYSCPE/VOL4NUM2/ch11.pdf,2006-5-25.
[3]Resource Development Associates,City of Oakland Weed and Seed Strategic Plan,p.7.http://www.resourcedevelopment.net/projects/files/weedandseed.pdf,2006-5-26.
[4]Ibid.,p.6.
[5]Ibid.,p.11.
[1]National Ocean Service,Chart of San Francisco Bay,http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/collection/object_689.html,2006-5-26.
[2]League of Women Voters of Oakland Waterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/leasue/ch3.htm,2006-5-26.
[3]John Gulick,"The Urban Ecological Contradictions of Port of Oakland Globalism," Capitalism,Nature,Socialism,Vol.13,Iss.3,(Sep.2002),http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=000000207882021&SrchMode=5&Fmt=3&retrieveGroup =0&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1082678734&clientId=41481&cfc=1,2006-5-29.
[1]League of Women Voters of OaklandWaterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/league/ch2.htm,2006-5-26.
[2]John Gulick,"The Urban Ecological Contradictions of Port of Oakland Globalism," Capitalism,Nature,Socialism,Vol.13,Iss.3,(Sep.2002),http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=000000207882021&SrchMode=5&Fmt=3&retrieveGroup =0&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1082678734&clientId=41481&cfc=1,2006-5-29.
[3]Carol Zabin et al.,Living Wages at the Port of Oakland,http://www.iir.berkeley.edu/livingwage/pdf/portoak.pdf,2006-5-26.
[1]"History," http://www.portofoakland.com/portnyou/history,asp,2006-5-25.
[2]L.Eve Armentrout Ma,pp.7-8.
[3]League of Women Voters of Oakland Waterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/league/ch3.htm,2006-5-26.
[4]Carol Zabin et al.,Living Wages at the Port of Oakland,http://www.iir.berkeley.edu/livingwage/pdf/portoak.pdf,2006-5-26.
[1]J.Douglas Allen-Taylor,"Oakland Unstrapped," Oakland's Urbanview(October 31-November 6,2001),http://www.metroactive.com/urbanview/10.31.01/unwrapped-0144.html,2006-4-4.
[2]Saran F.Ryan,Understanding Postal Privation:Corporations,Unions and "The Public Interest",Athesis for the degree of Master,New Brunswick,New Jersey,January,1999,pp.81-82.
[3]Tapan Munroe et al.,Oakland's Emerging New Economy,November 12,1999,p.17.http://www.edab.org/study/Oakland%20Tech%20Summit%202,ppt,2006-7-20.
[4]Hon.Barbara Lee,A Tribute to Mayor Elith Harris,http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?r105:E23JN8-173,1998-6-23.
[1]John Ritter,"Prosperity Gives Oakland New Image,"(Feb.1,2001),http://www.usatoday.com/news/ndsmon04.htm.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Joel Kotkin,The City by the Bay? To Them,It's Oakland,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/NYT%20The%20City%20by%20the%20Bay%20To%20Them,%201t's%200akland.him,2006-7-22.
[1]Alameda County Public Health Department,Chinatown:Community Information Book 2001,p.17,http://www.acphd.org/AXBYCZ/Admin/DataReports/chinatown.pdf,2006-7-22.
[2]David Paul Rosen & Associates,Commercial Development Linkage Fee Analvsis:City of Oakland (Septemberl3,2001 ),p.29.,http://www.oaklandnet.com/government/hcd/policy/docs/linkage_st udy.pdf,2006-5-26.
[3]Heather Mac Donald,"Jerry Brown' s No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland," City Journal(Autumn 1999),http://www.city-journal.org/html/9_4_a2.html,2006-5-25.
[1]Mel Scott,p.274.
[1]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/economic.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Peter A.Morrison,"Urban Growth and Decline:San Jose and St.Louis in the 1960' s," Science,1974,Vo1.185,(8) p.757.
[3]James Houston,A Valley in California,http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itsv/1204/ijse/houston.ht,2004-12-4.
[4]Peter A.Morrison,"Urban Growth and Decline:San Jose and St.Louis in the 1960' s," p.758.
[1]James Houston,A Valley in California,http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itsv/1204/ijse/houston.ht,2004-12-4.
[2]GlennaMattews," ' The Los Angeles of the North' San Jose' s Transition From Fruit Capital to High-Tech Metropolis,"Journal of Urban History Vol.25,No.4(May 1999),p.459.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Tocn Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[4]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[5]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose," p.74.
[1]Charles Wollenberg,p.313.
[2]Alexander Loudon,The History of Silicon Yalley,http://www.websofinnovation.com/svhistory.htm,2006-5-26.
[2]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose," p.74.
[3]Jennifer Alvarez,$ilicon Valley:Iand of Wealth and Waste,p.9.,http://bss.sfsu.edu/raquelrp/projects/515_ej/Silicon_Valley.ppt,2006-2-23.
[1]资料来源:California Department of Employment,Coastal Area,Research and Statistics Section,Estimated Employment,Unemployment,and Labor Force,San Jose Metropolitan Area 1949-1965,San Jose Employment Service Office,March 1996.,转引自:Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.21,No.1(Oct.,1967),p.75.
[2]资料来源:California Department of Employment,Coastal Area,Research and Statistics Section,Estimated Employment,Unemployment,and Labor Force,San Jose Metropolitan Area 1949-1965,San Jose Employment Service Office,March 1996.,转引自:Sidney H.Ingerman,Wage Structure Formation:San Jose Revisited,Industrial and Labor RelationsReview,Vol.21,No.4(Jul.,1968),p.584.
[1]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose," p.75.
[1]米亚·格雷等:《是新兴的产业城市吗?硅谷四面观》(丁为民等摘译,岳文校),载《国外财经》,2001年第1期,第59页。
[1]Terry Christensen,San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-7-22.
[2]Sean Holstege,The Big Three,http://www.oaklandtribune.com/Stories/0,1413,82`28472`1827471,00.html,2004-3-1.
[1]Mel Scott,pp.272-273.
[2]Stanford Environmental Law Society,San Jose:Sprawling on Land gsePo]icies and Practices in San Jose California,p.6.
[3]San Jose Ease Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[1]Jessica Trounstine,Urban Empires:Consequences of Dominant Regimes in American Cities,http://www.princeton,edu/~jtrounst/dominancepaper1.2.pdf,2006-5-26.
[2]Paul Rogers,#2:Hamann:San Jose's Growth Guru,http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jbshank/2_Sprawl.html,2006-5-26.
[3]Carl Nolte,"California Rides the Wave:Booming Growth,Quakes,Fires and Floods—and the Rise of Cybernirvana.There Was Rarely a Dull Moment in the Golden State in the'80s and'9Os.,"San Francisco Chronicle.May 30,1999,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/05/30/SC48827.DTL.
[4]Paul Rogers,#2:Hamann:San Jose's Growth Guru,http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jbshank/2_Sprawl.html,2006-5-26.
[5]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Martin Nobida,"San Jose Punched a Hole in West Campbell and It Has Never Let Go," The Campbell Reporter,December 24,2003,http://www.community-newspapers.com/archives/campbe11reporter/20031224/ca-news1.shtml.
[3]Paul Rogers,#2:Hamann:San Jose' s Growth Guru,http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jbshank/2_Sprawl.html,2006-5-26.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Jessica Trounstine,Urban Empires:Consequences of Dominant Regimes in American Cities,http://www.princeton.edu/~jtrounst/dominancepaperl.2.pdf,2006-5-26.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSei/faeulty/ehristensen/flashbaek.htm,2006-5-24.
[3]Ibid.
[1]Stanford Environmental Law Society,San Jose:Sprawling on Land Use Policies and Practices in San Jose,California,p.6.
[2]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[1]王旭:《美国城市发展模式—从城市化到大都市区化》,第250页。
[2]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Sidney H.Ingerman,"Wage Structure Formation:San Jose Revisited," p.585.
[5]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]Charles Wollenberg,p.260.
[2]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[3]Development of the 4 Most Dense Urbanized Areas in the USA:1950-2000,http://www.demographia.com/db-ua2OOO-4dense.htm,2006-5-26.
[4]D.Gorney,San Jose Information:History,http://sanjoseca.areaguides.net/detail.html?cityguide=history,2006-2-23.
[5]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/shd.htm,2006-2-23.
[1]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[1]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[2]Carl Nolte,"California Rides the Wave:Booming Growth,Quakes,Fires and Floods -- and the Rise of Cybernirvana.There Was Rarely a Dull Moment in the Golden State in the '80s and '90s.,"San Francisco Chronicle,May 30,
[3]1999,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/05/30/SC48827.DTL,2006-2-25.
[1]Norman Mineta,http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=3v8qjlv004ii6?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Norm an+Mineta&gwp=S&curtab=2222_1&sbid=1c03b&linktext=Norman%20Mineta,2006-2-25.
[2]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,(September 2,1999),http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?fi1e=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[5]Ibid.
[6]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[7]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/Og/O2/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[1]"Smart Growth:Imagine a City…," Inside San Jose,Fall/Winter 2001,p.6.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/isjsmartgrowh.pdf,2006-2-25.
[2]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Ibid.
[5]"Smart Growth:Imagine a City..," http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/isjsmartgrowh.pdf.
[6]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[7]Ibid.
[8]John Hart,Ssving Cities Saving Mloney,http://www.ecoiq.com/dc-abtecoiq/dc_bio-scsm.html,2006-2-25.
[9]David E.Do.all,The Suburban Squeeze:Land Conversion and Re.clarion in the San Francisco Bay Area(Berkeley:University of California Press,1984),pp.18-19.
[1]Or You Could Just Repeal Prop 13http://www.civic-strategies.com/resources/metros/san_jose.htm
[2]Jessica Luce Trounstine,Urban Empires:Causes and Consequences of BiasedElectoral Systems in American Cities,Dissertation,University of California,San Diggo,2004,p.217.
[3]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[4]San Jose Sustainable City Status Report(June,1998),http://www.sanjoseca.gov/ESD/suscityexeesummary.htm,2006-2-25.
[5]Dennis Church,Toward A Sustainable Cit.v:A Report On Natural Resources And The City Of San Jose(February27,1980),http://www.ecoiq.com/dc-produets/prod_twdsustaincty.htal,2006-2-25.
[6]Ibid.
[1]Ibid.
[2]San Jose Sustainable City Status Report(June,1998),http://www.sanjoseca.gov/ESD/suscityexecsummry.htm,2006-2-25.
[3]Build-out of the Edenvale Technology Park in South San Jose,http://www.calredevelop.org/sueeess_stories/2003June.pdf,2006-2-22.
[4]Department of Planning,North San JoseArea Development Policy,p.1.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/counter/policies/pol_North_San_Jose_Area_Dev.pdf,2006-5-26.
[5]Carl Molte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[6]Frequently Asked Questions,Coyote Valley Specific Plan,Section 1:History and Process,p.1.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/coyotevalley/docs/FAQ/FAQ_SEC1_.pdf,2006-2-22.
[1]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[2]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere prune town morphs into high-tech eden,September 2,1999,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[4]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[1]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势》,第132页。
[2]Adolfo Nemirovsky and Gabriel Yoguel,Dynamics of High-Technology Firms in the Silicon Valley,http://ideas.repec.org/p/aal/abbswp/01-03.html,2005-10-22.
[3]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势》,第138页.
[4]Adolfo Nemirovsky and Gabriel Yoguel,Dynamics of High-Technology Firms in the Silicon Valley,http://ideas.repec.org/p/aal/abbswp/01-03.html,2005-10-22.
[5]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]James J.Rawls and Walton Bean,California:An Interpretive Histoory,p.499.
[2]David R.Baker et al.," War on Iraq Bay to Baghdad Contracts:Score of Area Businesses Feed Military Machine's Need for Gear," San Francisco Chronicle,March 23,2003,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/03/23/BU261967.DTL,2006-5-26.
[3]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势》,第189-190页。
[4]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[5]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]Silicon Valley,http://www.thealarmclock.com/magazine/magContent/vallev.htm,2006-1-12.
[2]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sisu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[4]Ibid.
[5]北圣何塞,是指圣何塞北部边界地区以及相邻的森尼维尔、芒廷维尤、圣克拉拉、洛斯阿尔托斯、帕洛阿尔托这5个城市。硅谷由此诞生,这里也是世界上计算机业首屈一指之地。San Jose,http://worldfacts.us/US-San-Jose.htm,2006-5-26.
[1]所谓金三角地区,就是指通常所说的圣何寨市内州际880号高速公路和Berryessa Road以北、以及另外与会5个城市的全部土地。当时小组预计该地区未来就业人数将达到48万,相应的,全县就业人数为81万.
[2]Department of Planning,North San Jose Area Development Policy,p.l.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/counter/po]icies/pol_North.San_Jose_Area_Dev.pdf,2006-5-26.
[3]Department of Planning,North San Jose Az'eaDevelopment Policy,p.2.
[1]San Jose Redevelopment Agency,"Build-out of the Edenvale Technology Park in South San Jose,"Redevelopment Journal(June,2003),http://www.calredevelop.org/success_stories/2003June.pdf,2006-2-22.
[2]David Rusk,A Book Review,The New City-State:Change and Renewal in America' s Cities.Planning,(fall 1997),http://www.gamaliel.org/Strategic/StrategicpartnersRuskNewCityState.htm,2006-2-21.
[3]James J.Mitchell,"Golden Triangle Running out of Room:Tech Boom Eats up Prime Silicon Valley Industrial Location," The San Jose Mercury News,August 18,1996,http://rick.net/triangle.html,2006-5-26.
[1]Stephen Haase and John Weis,"Update on the Proposed Amendment to the North San Jose Area",Development Policy,Memorandum,March 5,2004,p.2.
[2]Ibid.
[3]San Jose Redevelopment Agency,"Build-out of the Edenvale Technology Park in South San Jose,"Redevelopment Journal,http://www.calredevelop.org/success_stories/2003June.pdf,2006-2-22.
[4]Brad Krouskup,"South County:Not just a bedroom community," Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal(April 14,2000),http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2000/04/17/focus5.html,2006-5-27.
[5]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faeulty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[1]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[2]Frequently Asked Questions,Coyote Valley Specific Plan,Section 1:History and Process,p.1.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/coyotevalley/docs/FAQ/FAQ_SECl.pdf,2006-2-22.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[1]Lee Foster,California:The San Jose Renaissance,http://www.fostertravel.com/CAJOS2.html,2006-5-27.
[1]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sihistory.htm,2006-5-26.
[2]San Jose Holiday Parade:A Family Tradition,http://www.sanjoseholidayparade.com/history-text.html,2006-5-27.
[1]一些学者对圣何塞的发展策略持怀疑否定态度。如戴维·巴林杰(David Barringer)就将圣何塞的城市发展策略看作“新的城市赌搏”,亚历克斯·马歇尔(Alex Marshall)也认为,艺术博物馆、水族馆不应当作为城市经济的基础,圣何塞的做法有些本末倒置。见:Alex Marshall,How Cities Work:Suburbs,Sprawl,and the Roads Hot Taken(Austin:University of Texas Press,2002),p.79.Lora J.Finnegan,"Getting to know the new San Jose - California," Sunset(Oct,1994),http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1216/is_n4_v193/ai_16166877,2006-05-27.
[2]Courtney Ronan,San Jose:The Jewel of Silicon Valley,Realty Times(June 14,1999),http://realtytimes.com/rtcpages/19990614_sanjose.htm,2006-5-27.
[3]Ian Stokell,"San Jose's Center for Software Development Opens,"Newsbytes News Network (June,29,1993),http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_mONEW/is_1993_June_29/ai_14048067,2006-05-27.
[4]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[5]Carl Nolte,"California Rides the Wave:Booming growth,quakes,fires and floods -- and the rise of cybernirvana.There was rarely a dull moment in the Golden State in the'80s and'9Os.,Sunday," San Francisco Chronicle,Bay 30,1999,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/05/30/SC48827.DTL
[1]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.53.
[1]高珮义:《中外城市化比较研究》,第137页。
[2]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组:2005中国可持续发展战略报告8:中国城市化的成本分析,http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/EPCITY/UNPAN021879.pdf,2005-7-26.
[1]Michael A.Goldberg and Gerald R.Walter,"Forecasting Employment and Industrial Location in the San Francisco Bay Area," California Management Review,Summer 1968,p.21.
[1]王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,序言第3页。
[1]谢文蕙、邓卫:《城市经济学》,北京·清华大学出版社,1996年版,第170页。
[1]S.L.Bachman,Globalization in the San Francisco Bay Area:Trying to Stay at the Head of the Class,The Pacific Council on International Policy,January 2003,p.8.
[2]目前学术界对“全球城市”的理论研究尚处于完善之中,即使关于名称,也有“世界城市”、“全球城市”、“国际城市”等不同称呼和定义。一般公认为纽约、伦敦和东京处十全球城市的第一层次。而众多学者一般把旧金山看作第二层次的全球性城市,多称之为区域性国际城市。参见:周振华等编:《世界城市——国际经验与上海发展》,上海社会科学院出版社,2004年版,第3-13页,34-46页。
[3]卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第102页。
[4]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市——纽约 伦敦 东京》(周振华等译),上海社会科学院出版社,2005年版,第83-117页。
[5]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市》,第83页。
[6]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市》,第140-144页。
[7]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市》,第168-171页。
[1]王力、黄育华主编:《国际全融中心研究》,北京·中国财政经济出版社,2004年版,第15-16页。
[2]孙永新主编:《迎接全球银行购并浪潮》,北京·中国金融出版社,2000年版,第96页。
[3]孙永新主编:《迎接全球银行购并浪潮》,第134-135页。
[4]王力、黄育华编:《国际金融中心研究》,第163-164页。
[1]粱茂信:《都市化时代》,第157-166页。
[2]参见:James E.Vance,Jr.,p.86.
[3]参见:王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,第303-320页;梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第233-236页。
[4]Glenna Mattews," ' The Los Angeles of the North' San Jose' s Transition From Fruit Capital to High-Teeh Metropolis,"Journal of Urban Histoty Vol.25,No.4(May 1999),p.465.
[5]James E.Vance,Jr.,p.81.
[1]MTC,County-to-County Commuting in the San Francisco Bay Area,1960-2030,http://www.mtc.ca.gov/maps_and_data/datamart/stats/cntycom.htm,2006-7-9.
[1]Ibid.
[2]San Jose Residents by Place of Work within the Greater Bay Area,Census 2000,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Census/Commuting.xls,2006-7-9.
[1] Arbuckle, Clyde. Clyde Arbuckle's history of San Jose: ...chronicling San Jose's founding as California's earliest pueblo in 1777, through exciting and tumultuous history ... the way for today' s metropolitan San Jose[M]. Smith & McKay Printing Co., 1985.
[2] Bachman, S. L., Globalization in the San Francisco Bay Area: Trying to Stay at the Head of the Class [R] .The Pacific Council on International Policy, 2003.
[3] Barth, Gunther. Instant Cities:Urbanization and the Rise of San Francisco and Denver[M].New York:0xford University Press, 1975.
[4] Beilharz, Edwin A., et al. ,San Jose, California's First City[M]. Continental Heritage Pr, 1980.
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[3]Morrison P.A.,Urban Growth and Decline:San Jose and St.Louis in the 1960' s,Science.1974 Aug 30;185(153),pp.757-762.
[1]Edwin A.Beilharz,et al.,San Jose,California's First City(Continental Heritage Pr,1980).;Clyde Arbuckle,Clyde Arbuckle's history of San Jose:...chronicling San Jose's founding as California's earliest pueblo in 1777,through exciting and tumultuous history...the way for today's metropolitan San Jose(Smith & McKay Printing Co.,1985).;Kathleen Muller,San Jose:City With a Past(San Jose Historical Museum,1988).
[2]Madge Saksena,San Jose in the County of Santa Clara:John R.Douglas,Historical footnotes of Santa Clara Valley(San Jose Historical Museum Association,1993);Advantages of the City of San Jose,California,as a Manufacturing Center(San Jose:San Jose Historical Museum Association,1990).
[3]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势——硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争》(曹蓬等译),上海远东出版社,1999年版。
[4]Stanford Environmental Law Society,San Jose:Sprawling on Land Use Policies and Practices in San Jose,California(March,1971),p.2.
[5]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,Movers and Shakers(New York:St.Martin's Press,1982).
[6]Glenna Mattews,"'The Los Angeles of the North' San Jose's Transition From Fruit Capital to High-Tech Metropolis,"Journal of Urban History,Vol.25,No.4(May 1999).
[1]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,San Jose Economic Development Strategy(November 2003).http://www.sjeconomy.com,2005-6-12.
[2]Mel Scott,The San Francisco Bay Area:A Metropolis in Perspective(Berkeley:University of California Press,1985).
[1]James E.Vance,Jr.,Geography and Urban Evolution in the San Francisco Bay Area(Berkeley:Institute of Government Studies,University of California,1964) p.86.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Charles Wollenberg,Golden Gate Metropolis:Perspectives on Bay Area History(Berkeley:Institute of Governmental Studies,University of California,1985).
[4]Joseph Anthony Rodriguez,The Making of a Multicentered Metropolis:Physical Communication and Urban Rivalry in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1970,Dissertation(University of California,Berkeley,1990).
[1]Darrell Hoerter and Micheal Wiseman,Metropolitan Development in the San Francisco Bay Area (University of California,Berkeley,2001).
[2]卡尔·艾博特《大都市边疆——当代美国西部城市》(王旭等译),北京·商务印书馆,1998年版。
[3]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,吉林长春·东北师范大学出版社,1994年版,第145-148页。
[4]王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,湖南长沙·岳麓书社,2003年版,第269-279。
[5]王旭:《美国城市发展模式》,第249-252页。
[1]高珮义:《中外城市化比较研究》,天津·南开大学出版社,2004年版,第3页。
[1]安东尼·奥罗姆、陈向明:《城市的世界——对地点的比较分析和历史分析》(曾茂娟、任远译),上海人民出版社,2005年,第2页。
[2]central city,http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861687339/central_city.html,2006-7-26.
[1]沃纳·赫希:《城市经济学》(刘世庆等详),北京·中国社会科学出版社,1990年版,第24页。
[2]梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第149-150页。
[3]梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第201-204页。
[4]U.S.Census Bureau,Census 2000,Appendix A.Census 2000 Geographic Terms and Concepts,http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/glossry2.pdf,2006-4-11.
[5]参见:王旭:《美国城市发展模式》,第306页。
[1]Kent Lightfoot,Investigating the human impact on the Bay environment,http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/museum/events/shortcourse2002/lightfoot.html,2006-5-24.
[2]Arthur C.Smith,Introduction to the Natural History of San Francisco Bay Region(Berkeley:University of California Press,1959),p.7.
[3]参见:Frank Soulé,et al.,The Annals of San Francisco,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbann2-1.htm,2006-7-16.
[4]Arthur C.Smith,pp.7-10.
[1]Gladys Hansen,San Francisco Almanac:Everyting you want to know about The City(San Francisco:Chronicle Books,1975),p.17.
[2]Ibid.,p.17.
[3]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》(秦士勉译),北京·商务印书馆,1973年版,第395页。
[4]John Hart,The San Francisco Bav:Portrait of an Estuary,p.23.,http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9622/9622.samples.pdf,2006-4-13.
[5]Rand Richards,Historic San Francisco:A Concise History and Guide(San Francisco:Heritage House Publishers,1991),p.2.
[1]Kent Lightfoot,Investigating the human impact on the Bay environment.
[2]Rand Richards,p.3.
[3]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,The Silicon Valley of Dreams:Environmental Injustice,Immigrant Workers,and the High-Tech Global Economy(New York University Press,2002),p.28.
[1]Br.Guire Cleary,S.S.F,Mission Dolores,http://www.sfhistoryencyclopedia.com/articles/m/missionDolores2.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Frank Soulé et al.,The Annals of San Francisco.
[3]Mel Scott,The San Francisco Bay Area:A Metropolis in Perspective,p.12.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Br.Guire Cleary,S.S.F,Mission Dolores.
[6]Mel Scott,p.12.
[1]The First Census of Pueblo San Jose,1777,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/spanish/cen1777.htm,2006-7-17.
[2]The Census of 1790 California,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/spanish/cen1790.htm#sanjose,2006-5-24.
[3]S.J.Jones,The Gold Country of the Sierra Nevada in California(Transactions and Papers(Institution of British Geographers)),(No.15,1949),p.115.
[4]Stephen J.Pitti,The Devil in Silicon Valley:Northern California,Race,and Mexican Americans (Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003),pp.18-20.
[5]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,The Beginnings of San Francisco from the Expedition of Anza,1774 to the City Charter of April 15,1850 With Biographical and Other Notes,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegidx.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Guadalupe Vallejo,Ranch and Mission Days in Alta California,http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist2/rancho2.html,2006-5-24.
[3]Stephen J.Pitti,p.20.
[4]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,p.31.
[1]Robert H.Jackson,The Dynamic of Indian Demographic Collapse in the San Francisco Bay Missions,Alta California,1776-1840,American Indian Quarterlv,Vol.16,No.2.(Spring,1992),p.143.
[2]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,The Beginnings of San Francisco from the Expedition of Anza,1774 to the City Charter of April 15,1850 With Biographical and Other Notes.http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbegidx.htm,2006-5-24.
[3]Stephen J.Pitti,p.22.
[1]奥克兰市的前身。
[2]Natural Resource Department,Range Resource Management Plan,p.5.,http://www.ebmud.com/water_&_environment/environmental_protection/east_bay/range_resource_managament_plan/rrmp_0401.pdf,2001-12.
[3]California Historical Society,Mexican California:The Heyday of the Ranchos,http://www.californiahistory.net/ranchos_frame_life,htm,2006-5-24.
[4]James E.Vance,Jr.,Geography and Urban Evolution in the San Francisco Bay Area,p.7.
[1]From the 1820s to the Gold Rush,San Francisco News Letter,September 1925,http://www.sfmuseum.org/histl/early.html,2006-7-22.
[2]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.6.
[3]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.7.
[4]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,The Beginnings of San Francisco from the Expedition of Anza,1774 to the City Charter of April 15,1850 With Biographical and Other Notes,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbbeg15.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.7.
[3]Frank Soulé et al.,The Annals of San Francisco,http://www.zpub.com/sf50/sf/hbann1-4.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Mel Scott,pp.19-20.
[5]Your Old House:Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chapt2,pdf,2006-7-5.
[1]Zoeth Skinner Eldredge,General Mariano G.Vallejo(1808-1890),http://www.sfmuseum.net/bio/valleio.html,2006-6-21.
[2]Linda Heidanreich,Mobilizing Linear Histories:Violence,the Printed Word,and the Construction of Euro-American Identities in an "American Coungy",Journal of American Ethnic History,Spring 2004.pp.44-53.
[3]Rbert Wayne Eversole,Towns In Mexican Alta California:A Social History Of Montery,San Jose,Santa Barbara,and Los Angeles,1822-1846,Dissertation,Unversity of California,San Diego,1986,http://wwwlib.global.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f1131061,2006-7-22.
[1]张友伦:《美国西进运动探要》,北京·人民出版社,2005年版,第131页。
[2]王旭:《美国城市史》,第65页。
[3]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第41页。
[1]S.J.Jones,The Gold Country of the Sierra Nevada in California,p.138,
[2]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》,第397页。
[3]James E.Vance,Jr.,p.9.
[4]The Gold Rush:California Transformed,http://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/6_1_2.htm,2006-5-24.
[5]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》,第393页。
[6]Roger W.Lotchin,San Francisco,1846-1856:From Ramlet to City(New York:Oxford University Press,1974),pp.65-67.
[1]Roger W.Lotchin,p.58.
[2]拉尔夫·亨·布朗:《美国历史地理》,第395页。
[3]此处旧金山的建立,是指在美国统治下,旧金山根据加州宪法而建立的时间。与墨西哥统治时期的耶尔巴布埃那市、美国刚刚军事占领时期所改名的旧金山市,政治和法律地位不同。
[4]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第11页。
[5]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第11页。
[1]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第12页。
[2]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第15页。
[3]http://www.levistrauss.com/responsibility/
[1]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturiug in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1940," Journal of Historical Geography,(27,1,2001),p.54,注7.
[2]Mel Scott,pp.74-75.
[3]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1940," p.44.
[4]S.J.Jones,pp.134-137.
[5]James E.Vance,Jr.,p.34.
[6]费利切·博纳迪奥:《美国银行家詹尼尼——美洲银行创业史》(白景山等译),北京·新华出版社,1997年版,第10页。
[1]费利切·博纳迪奥:《美国银行家詹尼尼》,第10-11页。
[2]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.21.
[3]Kerry A.Odell,Capital Mobilization and Regional Financial Markets:The Pacific Coast States,1850-1920(New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1992).pp.77-85.
[4]Rand Richards,p.102.
[5]Kerry A.Odell,p.69.
[6]关于城市与金融中心的关系,参见Kerry A.Odell,p.31.
[1]Kerry A.Odell,pp.4、48-49、51.
[2]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.24.
[3]San Francisco Pop,http://www.abag.ca.gov/abag/overview/datacenter/popdemo/sanfran.html,2006-4-21.
[4]Gunther Barth,Instant Cities:Urbanization and the Rise of San Francisco and Denver(New York:Oxford University Press,1975),p.ⅷ.
[5]History of the Peralta Family and the Rancho San Antonio,http://www.peraltahacienda.org/history.html,2006-5-24.
[1]Mel,scott,p.33.
[2]1852年,卡彭特为奥克兰市命名,意为橡树之地。此前奥克兰被称为康特拉科斯塔。参见:L.Eve Armentrout Ma,Hometown Chinatown:The History of Oakland" s Chinese Community(New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.2000),p.5.
[3]Ibid.,p.6.
[4]Ibid.,p.7.
[5]Frank Soulé et al.,The Annals of San Francisco,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hbannidx.htm,2006-5-24.
[6]Marilynn S.Johnson,The Second GoldRush:Oakland and the East Bay in World War Ⅱ(Berkeley:University of California Press,1993),p.14.
[1]Sarah S.Elkind,Bay Cities and Water Politics:The Battle of Resources in Boston and Oakland (Lawrence:University Press of Kansas,1998),P.29.
[2]诺里斯:《章鱼—一个加利福尼亚的故事)(吴劳详),上海译文出版社,1984年版,第52页。
[3]Sarah S.Elkind,p.30
[4]参见:L.Eve Armentrout Ma,p.7、19,Sarah S.Elkind,pp.29-31.
[5]Mel Scott,p.73.
[1]Charles Wollenberg,p.133.
[2]L.Eve Armentrout Ma,p.17.
[3]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.25.
[4]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850- 1940," p.45.
[5]Ibid.,p.46.
[6]J.雷布斯:《美国两部城市规划史》,纽约1979年版,第72页。转引自王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第30-31页。
[7]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.25.
[1]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,The Silicon Valley of P reams:Environmental Injustice,Immigrant Workers,and the High-Tech Global Economy(New York University Press,2002),p.35.
[2]http://www.ci.san-jose.ca.us/planning/sjplan/data/factsheet/demographics.html
[3]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/history.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]对此,Mary Bowden Carroll有不同看法,认为失去州府资格并无损于圣何塞的稳定繁荣。参见:Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div13)),2006-2-10.
[1]John Hayes,"One of Our Farming Counties:Santa Clara,"Overland Monthly and Out West Magazine,Volume Ⅺ,No.3,(September 1873),pp.234-241.,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/santaclara/history/sescvall.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book(San Jose:Press of Popp & Hogan,1903),http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div20)),2006-2-10.
[3]费利切·博纳迪奥:《美国银行家詹尼尼》,第3页。个别字略有改动。
[1]History of the Peninusula Commute Route,http://www.ggrm.org/about_the_museum/history/peninsula,htm,2006-5-24.
[2]California Trolley and Railroad Corporation,Railroading In The Santa Clara Valley,http://www.ctrc.org/history=santaclara.html,2006-5-24.
[3]Your Old House:Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chapt2.pdf,2006-7-5.
[4]Mary Borden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div13)),2006-2-10.
[5]T.S.Kenderdine,California revisite,1858-1897,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk164div10)),2006-5-24.
[6]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/shd.htm,2006-5-24.
[7]California Trolley and Railroad Corporation,Railroading In The Santa Clara Valley,http://www.ctrc.org/history_santaclara.html,2006-5-24.
[8]Glenna Matthews,The Community Study:Ethnicity and Success in San Jose,Journal of Interdisciplinary History,Vol.7,No.2,Social Mobility in past Time,(Autumn,1776),pp.306-309.
[1]根据1870年联邦政府对圣何塞市及其周围地区的职业统计表分析,有20张表,参见:Index of /~cenfiles/ca/santaclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward01,http://www.rootsweb.com/~cenfiles/ca/santaclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward01/,Index of /~cenfiles/ca/santaclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward02,http://www.rootsweb,com/~cenfiles/ca/sant aclara/1870/sanjosecity/ward02/,2006-5-24.
[2]Glenna Matthews,The Community Study:Ethnicity and Success in San Jose,p.313.
[3]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"Movers and Shakers(New York:St.Martin's Press,1982),http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book(San Jose:Press of Popp & Hogan,1903),http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div13)),2006-2-10.
[5]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"Movers and Shakers(New York:St.Martin's Press,1982),http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[6]H.S.Foote ed.,"The Press History of The Newspapers and Journals of Santa Clara County- from 1850 to 1888," Pen Pictures From The Garden of the World or Santa Clara County,California,Illustrated.(Chicago:The Lewis Publishing Company,1888),pp.102-108.,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/santaclara/history/scpress.htm,2006-5-24
[7]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第24页。
[8]Maurice H.Newmark and Marco R.Newmark eds.,Sixty years in Southern California,1853-1913,containing the reminiscences of Harris Newmark(New York:The Knickerbocker Press,1916),http://Icweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbkO23div46)),2006-2-12.
[1]Mel Scott,p.81.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div24)),2006-2-12.这里所用的倍数,是笔者的逻辑推理。因为当时圣何塞的发展没有很大的起伏。从人口增长来说,圣何塞市1900年约21500人,1903年为25000人。人口增长并不很多。这期间,圣何塞市经济发展平缓,经济结构调整不明显。所以,按照一般正常发展,1900年时的经济状况比1903年的经济状况稍差,但不会相差很大。
[1]杰里·卡麻利洛·邓:《旧金山》(杨俊锋等译),沈阳·辽宁教育出版社 2002年版,第31页。
[1]Mel Scott,p.119.
[2]Ibid.,p.133.
[3]Ibid.,p.136.
[1]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850- 1940,",p.45.
[2]Ibid.,p.44.
[3]Gerald D Nash,The American West in The Twentieth Century:A Short History of An Urban Oasis (Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1973),p.103.
[4]Mel Scott,p.137.
[5]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第84页。
[6]Gerald D Nash,The American West in The Twentieth Century:A Short History of An Urban Oasis,p.172.
[1]Ibid.,p.105.
[2]A Brief History,http://www.sanfranciscomemories.com/ppie/history,html,2006-6-28.
[3]Anna Burrows,The San Francisco Golden Gate Exhibition 1939-1940,http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1939snfr.html,2006-6-28.
[4]Tom Moriarity,The Fair Closes,California-Magazine of the Pacific,November 1939,http://www.sfmuseum.net/histS/ggie.html.
[5]Mel Scott,p.134.
[1]Mel Scott,p.142.
[2]参见:Marilynn S.Johnson,p.28.
[1]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.63.
[2]Ibid.,p.65.
[3]Roger W.Lotchin,"The Metropolitan-Military Complex In Comparative Perspective:San Francisco,Los Angeles,and San Diego,1919-1941," Journal of West,1979,(18):pp.20-23.
[4]Mel Scott,p.137.
[1]Mel Scott,p.123.
[2]Ibid.,p.140.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.19.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Richard Walker,"Industry builds the city:the suburbanization of manufacturing in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1940," p.48.
[3]Ibid.,p.46.
[4]G.H.埃尔德:《大萧条的孩子们》(田禾等译),江苏南京·译林出版社,2002年版,第25页。
[5]Robert O.Self,California' s Industrial Garden:Post-World War Ⅱ Metropolitan Development in the East Bay,http://west.stanford.edu/events/edge_conference/papers/SELFpaper.DOC%202,2004-12-3.
[1]G.H.埃尔德:《大萧条的孩子们》,第26-27,473-475页。
[2]Marilyna S.Johnson,p.28.
[3]Winter & Company,Guide For Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chalet2.pdf.2003-8-15.
[4]Mary Bowden Carroll,Ten years in Paradise.Leaves from a society reporter's note-book,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk169div23)),2006-2-10.
[5]Ibid.
[1]Philip L.Fradkin,The Great Earthquake and Firestorms of 1906:How San Francisco Nearly Destroyed Itself(San Francisco:The University of California Press,2005),http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9539/9539.ch01.html,2006-5-24.
[2]Herbert D.Russell,"Effects of the 1906 Earthquake in San Jose," Lest We Forget:Complete Story of the San Francisco Horror,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/santaclara/history/sc1906.htm.2006-5-24.
[3]San Jose,California,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose%2C_California.另,当时奥克兰市只损失50万美元,死亡5人.
[4]George W.Bryan,The lure of the past,the present and future;historical and descriptive observations and impressions of the past,present and future.1911,http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk019div14)),2006-2-18.
[5]Santa Clara County:California's Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/shd.htm,2006-2-19.
[6]San Jose,California,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose%2C_California,2006-05-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Emily Gee,A Historical and Spiritual Map of San Jose,http://www.the-river.org/resources/sanjose.pdf,2004-3-1.
[3]Galenna Matthews,"The Fruit Workers of the Santa Clara Valley:Alternative Paths to Union Organization during the 1930S",Pacific Historical Review Vol.LⅣ,Number 1.(1985 Feb.),p.52.
[4]Emily Gee,A Historical and Spiritual Map of San Jose,http://www.the-river.org/resources/sanjose.pdf,2004-3-1.
[5]Galenna Matthews,"The Fruit Workers of the Santa Clara Valley:Alternative Paths to Union Organization during the 1930S",p.56.
[6]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,p.57.
[7]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/economic.htm,2006-2-19.
[8]FMC History,http://www.fmc.com/Corporate/FMCHistory/tabid/730/Default.aspx?PageContentID=6,2006-2-19.
[1]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/economic.htm,2006-2-19.
[2]Emily Gee,A Historical and Spiritual Map of San Jose,http://www.the-river.org/resources/sanjose.pdf,2004-3-1.
[3]Heather Shaw,A Brief History of San Jose,California,http://www.perlmonth.com/hotel reservation/California/San_Jose/history.htm,2005-10-12.
[4]范泓然 等:《回望硅谷》,江苏·苏州大学出版社,2001年版,第6页。
[5]参见:ABAG,Historical Bay Area Population,http://www.abag.ca.gov/abag/overview/datacenter/popdemo/poplist.html,2004-12-25.
[1]Gerald D Nash,World War Ⅱ and The West:Reshaping The Economy(University of Nebraska,1990),p.ⅹⅱ.
[2]卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第8页。
[1]Paul Rhode,"The Nash thesis revisited:an economic historian's view," Pacific Historical Review,1994,Vol.,63,(3):p.376.
[2]Mel Scott,p.256.
[3]Wayne Bonnett,"World War Ⅱ Shipbuilding in the San Francisco Bay Area",Bidld Ships! San Francisco Bay Wartime Shipbuilding PhotoKraphs(Sausalito:Windgate Press),http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/shipbuilding.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.66.
[1]Mel Scott,p.244.
[2]M.L.Shettle,Jr.,Naval Air Facility,Treasure Island,http://www/militarymuseum.org/NAFTressureIsland,html,2006-5-24.
[3]Gordon Chappell,The U.S.Army' s San Francisco Port of Fmbarkation in World War Ⅱ,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]"100 Hunters Point Families Out," The San Francisco News,March 10,1942,http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/hpseize.html.
[2]Mark Ciabattari,"San Francisco:The Making of a Uni-Class City," The North American Review,December,1983,p.52.
[3]Gerald D Nash,The American West in The Twentieth Century:A Short History of An Urban Oasis,p.210.
[4]Mel Scott,p.253.
[5]Oakland History Timeline,http://www.oaklandnet.com/celebrate/Historytimeline.htm,2006-5-24.
[6]Ibid.
[7]Gordon Chappell,The U.S.Army' s San Francisco Port of Embarkation in World War Ⅱ,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Oakland History Timeline,http://www.oaklandnet.com/celebrate/Historytimeline.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Moore Dry Dock Company,Oakland CA,Record of WWII Shipbuilding,http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/moore.htm,2006-5-25.
[3]Oakland History Timeline,http://www.oaklandnet.com/celebrate/Historytimeline.htm,2006-5-24.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Chris Rhomberg,"Collective Actors and Urban Regimes:Class Formation and the 1946 Oakland General Strike," Theory and Socieey Vol.24,No.4(AUG.,1995),p.577.
[6]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.143.
[7]Charles Wollenberg,p.245.
[8]Marilynn S.Johnson,p.63.
[1]Mel Scott,p.249.
[2]Chris Rhomberg,p.577.
[3]Marilynn S.Johnson,pp.57-59.
[4]Richard A.Walker,Oakland:Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R-Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf 2006-5-24
[5]David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park,p.59.
[6]Ibid.
[1]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Jack Douglas,"Ernie Renzel:City Reformer from Naglee Park," The Adrisor,Volume 31,Number 4,March 2005,http://gems.es-designs.com/newsite/0503Advisorweb.pdf.
[1]参见:Frank Hobbs and Nicole Stoops,Demographic Trends in the 20th Century,November 2002,p.33.
[1]参见:James E.Vance,Jr.,pp.42-47,72-77.
[2]ABAG,The Changing Dynamic between Cities and Suburbs in the San Francisco Bay Area,http://www.abag.ca.gov/planning/interdependence/interdependencec.html,2006-7-7.
[3]参见:阿瑟·奥沙利文:《城市经济学》(苏晓燕等译),北京·中信出版社,2003年版,第247-250页。
[1]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.67.
[2]Earl Pomeroy,The Pacific Slope:A History of California,Oregon,Washington,Idaho,Utah,and Nevada(Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press,1965),p.307.
[3]Charles A.Fracchia,p.20.
[4]Mel Scott,p.271.
[5]Ibid.,p.272.
[6]Jasper Rubin,"The Decline of the Port,",http://www.spur.org/documents/Portdecline.pdf.1999-11.
[7]Robert Mayer,ed.,p.46.
[1]R.D.诺顿:《城市生命周期与美国的城市政策》,第76页。转引自,梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第162页。
[1]Mel Scott,p.137.
[2]Mel Scott,p.262.
[3]Mel Scott,p.267.
[4]Michael S.McGill,"The High-Rise Hegira:From Nostalgia for the Good Old Days to Mandatory Post-Modernism," SPUR Report,No.376,(7,1999),http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_02.shtm.
[5]John H.Mollenkopf,p.160.
[6]持此观点的,有马林柯夫、沃伦堡、哈伯特、布莱金斯基等。参见:John H.Mollenkopf,pp.151-190.;Charles Wollenberg,pp.326-327.;David Habert,"50 Years of Redevelopment," SPUR Newsletter,March 1999,http://www.spur.org/documents/990301_article_01.shtm;Rachel Brahinsky et at.,"Saving San Francisco:A 50-year chronology,"The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://www.sfbg.com/News/35/03/03chron.html:Alcaldes & Mayors,http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hgmay.htm,2006-5-25.实际上,在90年代,在乔丹、布朗担任市长期间,他们也是倾向发展的、倾向再开发的。
[1]David Habert,"50 Years of Redevelopment," SPUR Newsletter,March 1999,http://www.spur.org/documents/990301_article_01.shtm.
[2]李艳玲:《美国城市更新运动与内城改造》,上海大学出版社,2004年版,第2页。
[3]参见:李艳玲:《美国城市更新运动与内城改造》,第11页。在旧金山市,城市再开发是由市再开发局领导。从50年代起所进行的钻石高地、西附区(West Addition Area)第一、第二期工程、金门大道工程等,均被官方列为城市再开发项目。为避免混淆和行文方便,本文依据旧金山市的官方说法,涉及这些项目时称再开发项目。
[1]Charles A.Fracchia,p.68.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Richard A.Walker,An Appetite for the City:The Battle to Save San Francisco,1960-1990,Feb.1997,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/AnAppetiteForTheCity.html.
[4]Charles A.Fracchia,p.68.
[5]Richard A.Walker,An Appetite for the City:The Battle to Save San Francisco,1960-1990,Feb.1997,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/AnAppetiteForTheCity.html
[6]G.William Domhoff,"Urban Renewal And The Growth Machine," Who Rules America Now?(Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1983),pp.173-184.http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/news/urban.htm,2006-5-25.
[1]John H.Mollenkopf,pp.141-142.
[2]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[3]Carole Selter Norris,How a City Was Changed Forever,http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/127/review.html,2006-7-22.
[4]John King,Timeline:Bringing up San Francisco's skyline,2004-10-22,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/10/22/MNCITY6_TIMELINE.DTL.
[1]John H.Mollenkopf,p.204.
[2]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[3]Tim Redmond,The dot-com road to ruin:The perils of turning San Francisco into a one-crop economy,2000-10-18,http://sfbg.com/News/35/03/03econ.html.
[4]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[5]李艳玲:《对美国城市更新运动的总体分析与评价》,载《上海大学学报》(社会科学版),2001年第6期,第78页。
[6]王旭:《美国两海岸大城市研究》,第147页。
[7]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[8]John H.Mollenkopf,p.265.
[1]Rachel Brahinsky et al,Saving San Francisco:A 50-year chronology,The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://www.sfbg.com/News/35/03/03chron.html.
[2]卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第112页。
[3]John King,The Skyline,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/10/22/MNCITY6.DTL,2004-10-22.
[4]Ibid.
[1]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[2]Rachel Brahinsky et al,"Saving San Francisco:A 50-year chronology," The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://www.sfbg.com/News/35/03/03chron.html.
[3]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[4]Ibid.
[5]参见:卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第156页。
[1]Joseph Anthony Rodriguez,The Making of a Multicentered Metropolis:Physical Communication and Urban Rivalry in the San Francisco Bay Area,1850-1970,Dissertation,(University of California,Berkeley,1990),p.206.
[2]Ibid.,p.205.
[3]较为全面的理解城市更新与高速公路建设之间的关系,参见:苏宁:《美国房地产开发商与中心城市改造——以城市更新运动为中心(1949-1974)》,厦门大学博士论文,2005年8月,第131-139页。
[4]Charles A.Fracchia,p.78.
[1]BART Concept Is Born,http://www.bart.gov/about/history/history_2,asp,2006-5-25.
[1]A New Railroad Takes Shape,http://www.bart.gov/about/history/history_6.asp,2006-5-25.
[2]Your Old House:Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Historic/pdf/San_Jose_DGs_chapt2.pdf,2006-7-5.
[3]关于购物城的发展情况,参见王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,第76-81页。
[4]James E.Vance,Jr.,pp.72-74.
[5]Ibid.
[1]San Francisco in the 1970s,http://www.groceteria.net/sanfrancisco/1970.html,2006-5-25.
[2]James E.Vance,Jr.,Geography and Urban Evolution in the San Francisco Bay Area(Berkeley:Institute of Government Studies,University of California,1964).pp.80-81.
[3]Charles Wollenberg,p.330.
[4]Frederick M.Wirt,p.172.
[1]A Study of Growth and Economic Stature of the Nine Bay Area Countries(San Francisco:Economic Research Division,Security Pacific National Bank,April,1971),p.69.,转引自:Frederick M.Wirt,p.172.
[2]A Study of Growth and Economic Stature of the Nine Bay Area Countries,Economic Research Division,Security Pacific National Bank,p.58.,转引自:Frederick M.Wirt,p.173.
[3]Jason Philip Gruen,Manifest Destinations:Tourist Encounters in the Urban American West,1869-1893,University of California,Berkeley,Dissertation,Fall,2004,preface,pp.ⅵ-ⅶ.
[4]Ibid.,pp.295-315.
[5]Charles Wollenberg,pp.326-327.
[6]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.67.
[1]John Marks,1997...A Record Breaking Year,http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases1998/SFCVB1997_Jan98.html,2006-5-25.
[2]Charles Wollenberg,p.329.
[3]Michael A.Goldberg and Gerald R.Walter,"Forecasting Employment and Industrial Location in the San Francisco Bay Area,"California Management Review,Summer 1968,p.21.table-ⅵ.
[1]Nathan Landau,"Showdown at Showplace Square:Does San Francisco Have Room for Industry? "The Urban/Rural Edge,Issue 8,(April 2005),http://www.americancity.org/article.php?id article=115.
[2]Charles A.Fracchia,p.53.
[3]Pier 70 San Francisco:History of Potrero Point Shipyards and Industry,http://pier70sf.org/history/p70_history,html,2006-5-25.
[4]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,pp.70-71.
[5]Ibid.,p.71.
[6]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair,July 2002,p.17.http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/communityplanning/pdf/pdr_report.pdf.
[1]韩增林、安筱鹏:《集装箱港口发展与布局研究》,北京·海洋出版社,2006年版,第9页。
[1]Jasper Rubin,"The Decline of the Port,"http://www.spur.org/documents/Portdecline.pdf,1999-11.
[2]Scott Campbell,"Increasing Trade,Declining Port Cities:Port Containerization and the Regional Diffusion of Economic Benefits," Trading Industries,Trading Regions:International Trade,American Industry and RegionalEconomic Development,eds.,Helzi Noponen,Julie Graham,Ann R.Markusen,(New York,NY:Guilford Press,1993),p.221.,转引自:Technology and Location of Freight Transportation,Distribution,and Manufacturing Jobs,The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America,September 1995,http://www.smartgrowth.org/pdf/TTROMA.pdf.
[3]Robert W.Cherny and William Issel,p.70.
[4]Mark Ciabattari,"San Francisco:The Making of a Uni-Class City," The North American Review,December,1983,p.52.
[1]Ibid.
[2]John King,Timeline:Bringing up San Francisco's skyline,Friday,2004-10-22,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f:/c/a/2004/10/22/MNCITY6_TIMELINE.DTL.
[1]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[2]Brad Paul,Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle,http://www.spur.org/documents/990701_article_04.shtm,2006-5-25.
[3]持此观点的有多位学者。参见:Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.;Savannah Blackwell,"The battle for San Francisco:How big developers,with the help of Mayor Willie Brown,are moving to bulldoze the neighborhoods," The San Francisco Bay Guardian,October 18,2000,http://sfbg.com/News/35/03/03propm.html.
[4]Brian J.Godfrey,Urban Development and Redevelopment in San Francisco,http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=1470006,2005-2-3.
[5]Charles A.Fracchia,p.80.
[1]San Francisco Planning and Urban Renewal Association,The History of SPUR,http://www.spur.org/about_history.shtm,2006-5-25.
[1]Peter Dailey,Bay Crossings Working Waterfront,http://www.baycrossings.com/Archives/2003/02_March/working_waterfront_peter_dailey,_port_o f_san_francisco,htm,2006-5-25.
[2]Port of San Francisco,$19,940,000 Port Commission Refunding Revenue Bonds,Series 2004,p.19.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/port_page.asp?id=36421,2006-3-13.
[3]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in the Eastern Heighborhoods,2002,p.1.关于PDR产业,经济和规划系统公司(EPS Economic&Planning Systems,Inc.)也给出了自己的定义。它认为旧金山对PDR产业的就业定义有唯一性,不同于州与联邦标准。为衡量长期趋势,应采取“工业”就业,即用建筑、制造业、交通、通讯、设备以及批发业等来代替。虽然,这些产业与PDR不完全一致,但有很多重合。参见:Economic & Planning Systems,Inc.,Supply/Demand Study For Production,Distribution,and Repair(PDR) in San Francisco's Eastern Neighborhoods,p.29.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/Citywide/pdf/14158FinRpt1.pdf,2006-7-22.
[1]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair,July 2002,p.20.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/comunityplanning/pdf/pdr_report.pdf.
[2]Julia Hollister,"Printing & Publishing:An Industry Transformed by Technology,"California Job Journal,February 1,2004,http://www.jobjournal.com/article_full_text.asp?artid=1043.
[3]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in San Francisco:Understanding Production,Distribution,and Repair,July 2002,p.20.,http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/comunityplanning/pdf/pdr_report.pdf.
[4]Karen Chapple,The Transformation of Traditional Industries in San Francisco:the Cases of Printing and Apparel Manufacturing.IURD Working Paper #701.(Berkeley:Institute of Urban and Regional Development,1998),p.19.,注释4.
[1]San Francisco Planning Department,Industrial Land in the Eastern Neighborhoods,p.2.
[2]Ibid.
[1]Richard F.Muhlebach,"Retail Cycles Through The Decades,"http://retailtrafficmag.com/mag/retail_retail_cycles_decades/,2006-5-25.
[2]John Mccloud,"California Finds Gold At End of Rainbow,"http://retailtrafficmag.com/mag/retail_california_finds_gold/,1999-9-1.
[3]Tamara Thompson,"The chain gang:If most San Franciscans oppose chain stores,why won't the city keep them out?"October 7,1998,http://www.sfbg.com/News/33/01/Features/chains.html.
[4]John Mccloud,"California Finds Gold At End of Rainbow,"http://retailtrafficmag.com/mag/retail_california_finds_gold/,1999-9-1.
[1]Tamara Thompson,"The chain gang:If most San Franciscans oppose chain stores,why won't the city keep them out?"October 7,1998,http://www.sfbg.com/News/33/01/Features/chains.html.
[2]City and County of San Francisco Planning Department,Area Plan:Downtown(Part 1),http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning.index.asp?id=25010,2006-5-25.
[3]Scott Messmore,"Jugglers,Sea Lions and Showmanship,"http://pier-39.visit-san-francisco.com/,2006-5-25.
[1]Elizabeth Davies,Tourism in California,pp.18-19.,http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-107,pdf,2006-5-25.
[2]City and County of San Francisco Planning Department,Area Plan:Chinatown,http://www.sfgov.org/site/planning_index,asp?id=24892,2006-3-19.黑体字表示原文如此。
[3]John Marks,1997...A Record Breaking Year,http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases1998/SFCVB1997_Jan98.html,2006-5-25.
[4]Steven E.Spickard,Economic Impact of Convention and Conference Centers,ERA Issue Paper,1996,p.5.http://www.hotel-online.com/Trends/ERA/ERAImpactConventionCenters.html,2006-7-22.
[5]Gavin Newsom,"Art For The City,A City For The Arts," http://www.gavinnewsom.com/index.php?id=18,2006-05-25.
[6]Ann Markusen and David King,The Artistic Dividend:The Arts' Hidden Contributions to Regional Development,p.3.,http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/6158/artistic_dividend,pdf,2006-7-22.
[7]Ben Stone,The Arts As An Industry:A Report on the Economic Impact of the Non-Profit Arts Organizations in Sonoma County(The SonomaCounty Economic Development Board,Sumpter 2001),p.4.http://www.sonamacountymuseum.com/pdf/2000ArtsReport.pdf,2006-7-22.
[1]Gavin Newsom,"Art For The City,A City For The Arts," http://www.gavinnewsom.com/index.php?id=18,2005-05-25.
[2]Arts Scene Draws Visitor Applause,http://www.sfcvb.org/travel=media/press,asp?rid=47&cid=5,2006-5-25.
[3]John Marks,1997...A Record Breaking Year,http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases1998/SFCVB1997_Jan98.html,2006-5-25.
[4]San Francisco Convention & Visitors Bureau,"Tourism is Now San Francisco's Major Industry and Vital Source of Employment and Local Taxes".SFCVB(December 2004),p.1.
[5]James J.Rawls and Walton Bean,California:An Interpretive History,(Boston:McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,1998),pp.501-504.
[1]王旭:《美国西海岸大城市研究》,第205页。
[2]The United States Conference of Mayors,The Role of Travel and Tourism in America' s Top 100Metropolitan Areas,p.1.,http://www.mayors.org/uscm/news/press_releases/documents/atlanta_report_101702.pdf,2006-7-26.
[3]Elizabeth Davies,Tourism in California,p.18,http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-107.pdf,2006-5-25.
[4]Joel Kotkin,"Western cities are new urban model," The Arizona Republic,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/AR%20Western%20cities%20are%20ne%20urban%20model.htm,2004-5-2.
[5]Sam Zuckerman,"BankAmerica to Reduce San Francisco Office Space," Aerican Banker,Vol.154,Iss.217,p.3.,(Nov 6,1989),p.3.,http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=70031195&SrchMode=l&sid=7&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VTyp e=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1112923914&clientId=41481,2006-5-25.
[1]"North Carolina Case Study:Bank of America Corp.," p.1.,http://www.soc.duke.edu/NC_GlobalEconomy/pdfs/banks/BankingCs_BankofAmerica.pdf,2006-5-25.
[2]Douglas Young,"Bay Areaoutshines Los Angeles in finance arena," Los Angeles Business Journal,http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:19902399/Bay+Area+outshines+Los+Angeles+in+finance+arana~R ~+(San+Francisco+Bay+Area)(L~R~A~R~s+Moneymakers).html?refid=SEO,2006-5-25.
[3]Kent Sims,"San Francisco Economy:Implications for Public Policy,"http://www.spur.org/documents/pdf/000701_report_02.pdf,2006-5-25.
[4]陈宝森:《剖析美国“新经济”》,北京·中国财政经济出版社,2002年版,第48页。
[1]Joel Kotkin,The Future of the Tech Savvy City:How New York and Other Cities Can Continue to Grow Into High-Tech Hubs,http://www.nycfuture.org/imges_pdfs/pdfs/The%20Future%20of&20the%20Tech%20Savvy%20Ci ty.pdf,2006-3-17.
[2]Joel Kotkin,The Urban Future of Technology Industries,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/The%20Urban%20Future%20of%20Technology%20Industrie s.htm,2006-5-25.
[3]参见:克林顿:《美国总统经济报告:2001年》(萧琛等译),北京·中国财政经济出版社,2003年版,第20-22页,第30-32页,第79-83页。
[4]Joel Kotkin,The Core City in the New Economy,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/centerdig2.rtf,2006-3-17.
[5]“新媒体”的产品一般包括文本、音像等多种产品。一股来说,“多媒体”、“新媒体”、“数字媒体”和“交互式数字媒体”的含义相同或相似。David Hyde,The New Media Industry in San Francisco:Implications for City College,City College of San Francisco Office of Research,Planning and Grants,(June 1999),http://www.ccsf.org/Services/Planning/planning/media.pdf,2006-5-25.
[1]Rob Atkinson,Urban Economic Prospects in The New Knowledge Economy,January 19,2001,http://www.ppionline.org/ndol/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=107&subid=294&contentid=2883,2006-5-25.
[2]Joel Kotkin,The Future of the Tech Savvy City:How New York and Other Cities Can Continue to Grow Into High-Tech Hubs,http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdf s/pdfs/The%20Future%20of&20the%20Tech%20Savvy%20Ci ty.pdf,2006-3-17.
[3]Janelle Brown,Multimedia Gulch Summit Tackles SF Problems,http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,10617,00.html,2006-05-25.
[4]Joel Kotkin and Ross C.DeVol,Knowledge-value Cities in the Digital Age,February 13,2001,http://www.milkeninstitute.org/pdf/kvdc.pdf.
[5]Ibid.
[1]BOMA San Francisco Committee on Jobs,SOMA and "New Territories" Parking Expasion:A Pratical Solution to Mitigating San Francisco" s Parking Crisis,http://www.bomasf.org/pdf/news/ParkingPositionPaper,pdf,2006-3-17.
[2]San Francisco Planning Department,Profiles of Community Planning Areas:San Francisco's Eastern Neighborhoods,p.15.,http://sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/planning/communityplanning/pdf/chapter_2.pdf,2006-5-25.
[3]Janelle Brown,Multimedia Gulch Summit Tackles SF Problems,http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,10617,00,html,2006-05-25.
[4]BOMA San Francisco Committee on Jobs,SOMA and "New Territories" Parking Expasion:A Pratical Solution to Mitigating San Francisco's Parking Crisis,http://www.bomasf.org/pdf/news/ParkingPositionPaper.pdf,2006-3-17.
[5]Ibid.
[1]Edward C.Hayes,p.5.
[2]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[3]Robert O.Self,American Babylon:Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland,http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7634,html,2006-5-25.
[4]http://www.oaklandnet.com/government/ceda/revised/planningzoning/MajorProjectsSection/4e-C ult-Historic.doc,2006-3-27.
[1]Chris Rhomberg,"Collective Actors and Urban Regimes:Class Formation and the 1946 Oakland General Strike," Theory and Society,Vol.24,No.4(AUG.,1995),p.579.
[2]Robert O.Self,American Babylon:Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland,http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7634.html,2006-5-25.
[3]Edward C.Hayes,p.6.
[4]Ibid.,p.49.
[1]Robert O.Self,"California's Industrial Garden:Post-World War Ⅱ Metropolitan Development in the East Bay,"http://west.stanford.edu/events/edge_conference/papers/SELFpaper.DOC%202,2006-7-22.
[2]Robert O.Self,"Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay," http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[3]"City History," http://www.ci.san-leandro.ca.us/slcityhistory.html,2006-5-25.
[4]Robert O.Self,"Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay," http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[5]Heather Mac Donald,"Jerry Brown's No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland," City Journal(Autumn 1999),http://www.city-journal.org/html/9_4_a2,btml,2006-5-25.
[6]Robert O.Self,Black Power City,White Power Suburb:Rhetoric and Reality in Oakland and the East Bay,http://history.stanford.edu/conference/selfpaper.htm.
[1]Edward C.Hayes,p.6.
[2]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[3]Edward C.Hayes,p.46.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[3]Ibid.
[4]参见:Steven Raphael,Inter-and Intra-Ethnic Comparisons of the Central City-Suburban Youth Employment Differential:Evidence from the Oakland Metropolitan Area,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.51,No.3,(Apr.,1998),p.507.
[5]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,Unpublished paper,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Edward C.Hayes,p.91.
[3]Ibid.,pp.115-116.
[4]Ibid.,p.120.
[5]"Critical History of Transit Planning and Decisionmaking," p.12,http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/500/590/760905.pdf,2006-3-31.
[1]Heather Mac Donald,"Jerry Brown's No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland," City Journal(Autumn 1999),http://www.city-journal.org/html/9_4_a2.html,2006-5-25.
[1]John Gulick,"The Urban Ecological Contradictions of Port of Oakland Globalism," Capitalism,Nature,Socialism Vol.13,Iss.3,(Sep.2002),http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=000000207882021&SrchMode=5&Fmt=3&retrieveGroup =0&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1082678734&clientId=41481&cfc=1,2006-5-29.
[2]"History," http://www.portofoakland.com/portnyou/history.asp,2006-5-25.
[1]Paula Johnson,Container Back Story,http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/themes/story.38_8.html,2006-5-25.
[2]Jan Owen Jansson and Dan Shneeson,p.20.
[3]League of Women Voters of Oakland Waterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/league/ch2.htm,2006-5-26.
[4]L.Eve Armentrout Ma,p.8.
[5]Resource Development Associates,City of Oakland Weed end Seed Strategic Plan,p.6.,http://www.resourcedevelopment.net/projects/files/weedandseed.pdf,2006-5-26.
[6]Mona Younis,"San Antonio and Fruitvale," Cityscape,Volume 4(Number 2,1998),http://www.huduser.org/Periodicals/CITYSCPE/VOL4NUM2/ch11.pdf,2006-5-25.
[1]Richard A.Walker,Oakland Dark Star in an Expanding Universe,Unpublished paper,http://geography.berkeley.edu/PeopleHistory/faculty/R_Walker/OaklandDarkStar.pdf,2006-5-5.
[2]Mona Younis,"San Antonio and Fruitvale," Cityscape Volume 4(Number 2,1998)http://www.huduser.org/Periodieals/CITYSCPE/VOL4NUM2/ch11.pdf,2006-5-25.
[3]Resource Development Associates,City of Oakland Weed and Seed Strategic Plan,p.7.http://www.resourcedevelopment.net/projects/files/weedandseed.pdf,2006-5-26.
[4]Ibid.,p.6.
[5]Ibid.,p.11.
[1]National Ocean Service,Chart of San Francisco Bay,http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/collection/object_689.html,2006-5-26.
[2]League of Women Voters of Oakland Waterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/leasue/ch3.htm,2006-5-26.
[3]John Gulick,"The Urban Ecological Contradictions of Port of Oakland Globalism," Capitalism,Nature,Socialism,Vol.13,Iss.3,(Sep.2002),http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=000000207882021&SrchMode=5&Fmt=3&retrieveGroup =0&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1082678734&clientId=41481&cfc=1,2006-5-29.
[1]League of Women Voters of OaklandWaterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/league/ch2.htm,2006-5-26.
[2]John Gulick,"The Urban Ecological Contradictions of Port of Oakland Globalism," Capitalism,Nature,Socialism,Vol.13,Iss.3,(Sep.2002),http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=000000207882021&SrchMode=5&Fmt=3&retrieveGroup =0&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1082678734&clientId=41481&cfc=1,2006-5-29.
[3]Carol Zabin et al.,Living Wages at the Port of Oakland,http://www.iir.berkeley.edu/livingwage/pdf/portoak.pdf,2006-5-26.
[1]"History," http://www.portofoakland.com/portnyou/history,asp,2006-5-25.
[2]L.Eve Armentrout Ma,pp.7-8.
[3]League of Women Voters of Oakland Waterfront Study,The Waterfront:It touches the World.How does it touch Oakland? http://waterfrontaction.org/learn/league/ch3.htm,2006-5-26.
[4]Carol Zabin et al.,Living Wages at the Port of Oakland,http://www.iir.berkeley.edu/livingwage/pdf/portoak.pdf,2006-5-26.
[1]J.Douglas Allen-Taylor,"Oakland Unstrapped," Oakland's Urbanview(October 31-November 6,2001),http://www.metroactive.com/urbanview/10.31.01/unwrapped-0144.html,2006-4-4.
[2]Saran F.Ryan,Understanding Postal Privation:Corporations,Unions and "The Public Interest",Athesis for the degree of Master,New Brunswick,New Jersey,January,1999,pp.81-82.
[3]Tapan Munroe et al.,Oakland's Emerging New Economy,November 12,1999,p.17.http://www.edab.org/study/Oakland%20Tech%20Summit%202,ppt,2006-7-20.
[4]Hon.Barbara Lee,A Tribute to Mayor Elith Harris,http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?r105:E23JN8-173,1998-6-23.
[1]John Ritter,"Prosperity Gives Oakland New Image,"(Feb.1,2001),http://www.usatoday.com/news/ndsmon04.htm.
[2]Ibid.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Joel Kotkin,The City by the Bay? To Them,It's Oakland,http://www.joelkotkin.com/Urban_Affairs/NYT%20The%20City%20by%20the%20Bay%20To%20Them,%201t's%200akland.him,2006-7-22.
[1]Alameda County Public Health Department,Chinatown:Community Information Book 2001,p.17,http://www.acphd.org/AXBYCZ/Admin/DataReports/chinatown.pdf,2006-7-22.
[2]David Paul Rosen & Associates,Commercial Development Linkage Fee Analvsis:City of Oakland (Septemberl3,2001 ),p.29.,http://www.oaklandnet.com/government/hcd/policy/docs/linkage_st udy.pdf,2006-5-26.
[3]Heather Mac Donald,"Jerry Brown' s No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland," City Journal(Autumn 1999),http://www.city-journal.org/html/9_4_a2.html,2006-5-25.
[1]Mel Scott,p.274.
[1]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/economic.htm,2006-5-24.
[2]Peter A.Morrison,"Urban Growth and Decline:San Jose and St.Louis in the 1960' s," Science,1974,Vo1.185,(8) p.757.
[3]James Houston,A Valley in California,http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itsv/1204/ijse/houston.ht,2004-12-4.
[4]Peter A.Morrison,"Urban Growth and Decline:San Jose and St.Louis in the 1960' s," p.758.
[1]James Houston,A Valley in California,http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itsv/1204/ijse/houston.ht,2004-12-4.
[2]GlennaMattews," ' The Los Angeles of the North' San Jose' s Transition From Fruit Capital to High-Tech Metropolis,"Journal of Urban History Vol.25,No.4(May 1999),p.459.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Tocn Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[4]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[5]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose," p.74.
[1]Charles Wollenberg,p.313.
[2]Alexander Loudon,The History of Silicon Yalley,http://www.websofinnovation.com/svhistory.htm,2006-5-26.
[2]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose," p.74.
[3]Jennifer Alvarez,$ilicon Valley:Iand of Wealth and Waste,p.9.,http://bss.sfsu.edu/raquelrp/projects/515_ej/Silicon_Valley.ppt,2006-2-23.
[1]资料来源:California Department of Employment,Coastal Area,Research and Statistics Section,Estimated Employment,Unemployment,and Labor Force,San Jose Metropolitan Area 1949-1965,San Jose Employment Service Office,March 1996.,转引自:Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose,Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.21,No.1(Oct.,1967),p.75.
[2]资料来源:California Department of Employment,Coastal Area,Research and Statistics Section,Estimated Employment,Unemployment,and Labor Force,San Jose Metropolitan Area 1949-1965,San Jose Employment Service Office,March 1996.,转引自:Sidney H.Ingerman,Wage Structure Formation:San Jose Revisited,Industrial and Labor RelationsReview,Vol.21,No.4(Jul.,1968),p.584.
[1]Charles T.Stewart,Jr.,"Wage Structure in an Expanding Labor Market:The Electronics Industry in San Jose," p.75.
[1]米亚·格雷等:《是新兴的产业城市吗?硅谷四面观》(丁为民等摘译,岳文校),载《国外财经》,2001年第1期,第59页。
[1]Terry Christensen,San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-7-22.
[2]Sean Holstege,The Big Three,http://www.oaklandtribune.com/Stories/0,1413,82`28472`1827471,00.html,2004-3-1.
[1]Mel Scott,pp.272-273.
[2]Stanford Environmental Law Society,San Jose:Sprawling on Land gsePo]icies and Practices in San Jose California,p.6.
[3]San Jose Ease Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[1]Jessica Trounstine,Urban Empires:Consequences of Dominant Regimes in American Cities,http://www.princeton,edu/~jtrounst/dominancepaper1.2.pdf,2006-5-26.
[2]Paul Rogers,#2:Hamann:San Jose's Growth Guru,http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jbshank/2_Sprawl.html,2006-5-26.
[3]Carl Nolte,"California Rides the Wave:Booming Growth,Quakes,Fires and Floods—and the Rise of Cybernirvana.There Was Rarely a Dull Moment in the Golden State in the'80s and'9Os.,"San Francisco Chronicle.May 30,1999,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/05/30/SC48827.DTL.
[4]Paul Rogers,#2:Hamann:San Jose's Growth Guru,http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jbshank/2_Sprawl.html,2006-5-26.
[5]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Martin Nobida,"San Jose Punched a Hole in West Campbell and It Has Never Let Go," The Campbell Reporter,December 24,2003,http://www.community-newspapers.com/archives/campbe11reporter/20031224/ca-news1.shtml.
[3]Paul Rogers,#2:Hamann:San Jose' s Growth Guru,http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jbshank/2_Sprawl.html,2006-5-26.
[4]Ibid.
[5]Jessica Trounstine,Urban Empires:Consequences of Dominant Regimes in American Cities,http://www.princeton.edu/~jtrounst/dominancepaperl.2.pdf,2006-5-26.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSei/faeulty/ehristensen/flashbaek.htm,2006-5-24.
[3]Ibid.
[1]Stanford Environmental Law Society,San Jose:Sprawling on Land Use Policies and Practices in San Jose,California,p.6.
[2]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[1]王旭:《美国城市发展模式—从城市化到大都市区化》,第250页。
[2]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-5-24.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Sidney H.Ingerman,"Wage Structure Formation:San Jose Revisited," p.585.
[5]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]Charles Wollenberg,p.260.
[2]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[3]Development of the 4 Most Dense Urbanized Areas in the USA:1950-2000,http://www.demographia.com/db-ua2OOO-4dense.htm,2006-5-26.
[4]D.Gorney,San Jose Information:History,http://sanjoseca.areaguides.net/detail.html?cityguide=history,2006-2-23.
[5]Santa Clara County:California' s Historic Silicon Valley,http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/shd.htm,2006-2-23.
[1]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[1]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[2]Carl Nolte,"California Rides the Wave:Booming Growth,Quakes,Fires and Floods -- and the Rise of Cybernirvana.There Was Rarely a Dull Moment in the Golden State in the '80s and '90s.,"San Francisco Chronicle,May 30,
[3]1999,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/05/30/SC48827.DTL,2006-2-25.
[1]Norman Mineta,http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=3v8qjlv004ii6?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Norm an+Mineta&gwp=S&curtab=2222_1&sbid=1c03b&linktext=Norman%20Mineta,2006-2-25.
[2]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,(September 2,1999),http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?fi1e=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[5]Ibid.
[6]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[7]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/Og/O2/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[1]"Smart Growth:Imagine a City…," Inside San Jose,Fall/Winter 2001,p.6.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/isjsmartgrowh.pdf,2006-2-25.
[2]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[3]Ibid.
[4]Ibid.
[5]"Smart Growth:Imagine a City..," http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/isjsmartgrowh.pdf.
[6]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[7]Ibid.
[8]John Hart,Ssving Cities Saving Mloney,http://www.ecoiq.com/dc-abtecoiq/dc_bio-scsm.html,2006-2-25.
[9]David E.Do.all,The Suburban Squeeze:Land Conversion and Re.clarion in the San Francisco Bay Area(Berkeley:University of California Press,1984),pp.18-19.
[1]Or You Could Just Repeal Prop 13http://www.civic-strategies.com/resources/metros/san_jose.htm
[2]Jessica Luce Trounstine,Urban Empires:Causes and Consequences of BiasedElectoral Systems in American Cities,Dissertation,University of California,San Diggo,2004,p.217.
[3]Philip J.Trounstine and Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[4]San Jose Sustainable City Status Report(June,1998),http://www.sanjoseca.gov/ESD/suscityexeesummary.htm,2006-2-25.
[5]Dennis Church,Toward A Sustainable Cit.v:A Report On Natural Resources And The City Of San Jose(February27,1980),http://www.ecoiq.com/dc-produets/prod_twdsustaincty.htal,2006-2-25.
[6]Ibid.
[1]Ibid.
[2]San Jose Sustainable City Status Report(June,1998),http://www.sanjoseca.gov/ESD/suscityexecsummry.htm,2006-2-25.
[3]Build-out of the Edenvale Technology Park in South San Jose,http://www.calredevelop.org/sueeess_stories/2003June.pdf,2006-2-22.
[4]Department of Planning,North San JoseArea Development Policy,p.1.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/counter/policies/pol_North_San_Jose_Area_Dev.pdf,2006-5-26.
[5]Carl Molte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[6]Frequently Asked Questions,Coyote Valley Specific Plan,Section 1:History and Process,p.1.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/coyotevalley/docs/FAQ/FAQ_SEC1_.pdf,2006-2-22.
[1]Philip J.Trounstineand Terry Christensen,"Flashback:A Short Political History of San Jose,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/flashback.htm,2006-2-23.
[2]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere prune town morphs into high-tech eden,September 2,1999,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[4]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[1]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势》,第132页。
[2]Adolfo Nemirovsky and Gabriel Yoguel,Dynamics of High-Technology Firms in the Silicon Valley,http://ideas.repec.org/p/aal/abbswp/01-03.html,2005-10-22.
[3]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势》,第138页.
[4]Adolfo Nemirovsky and Gabriel Yoguel,Dynamics of High-Technology Firms in the Silicon Valley,http://ideas.repec.org/p/aal/abbswp/01-03.html,2005-10-22.
[5]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]James J.Rawls and Walton Bean,California:An Interpretive Histoory,p.499.
[2]David R.Baker et al.," War on Iraq Bay to Baghdad Contracts:Score of Area Businesses Feed Military Machine's Need for Gear," San Francisco Chronicle,March 23,2003,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/03/23/BU261967.DTL,2006-5-26.
[3]安纳利·萨克森宁:《地区优势》,第189-190页。
[4]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[5]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]Silicon Valley,http://www.thealarmclock.com/magazine/magContent/vallev.htm,2006-1-12.
[2]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.46.
[1]Ibid.
[2]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sisu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[4]Ibid.
[5]北圣何塞,是指圣何塞北部边界地区以及相邻的森尼维尔、芒廷维尤、圣克拉拉、洛斯阿尔托斯、帕洛阿尔托这5个城市。硅谷由此诞生,这里也是世界上计算机业首屈一指之地。San Jose,http://worldfacts.us/US-San-Jose.htm,2006-5-26.
[1]所谓金三角地区,就是指通常所说的圣何寨市内州际880号高速公路和Berryessa Road以北、以及另外与会5个城市的全部土地。当时小组预计该地区未来就业人数将达到48万,相应的,全县就业人数为81万.
[2]Department of Planning,North San Jose Area Development Policy,p.l.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/counter/po]icies/pol_North.San_Jose_Area_Dev.pdf,2006-5-26.
[3]Department of Planning,North San Jose Az'eaDevelopment Policy,p.2.
[1]San Jose Redevelopment Agency,"Build-out of the Edenvale Technology Park in South San Jose,"Redevelopment Journal(June,2003),http://www.calredevelop.org/success_stories/2003June.pdf,2006-2-22.
[2]David Rusk,A Book Review,The New City-State:Change and Renewal in America' s Cities.Planning,(fall 1997),http://www.gamaliel.org/Strategic/StrategicpartnersRuskNewCityState.htm,2006-2-21.
[3]James J.Mitchell,"Golden Triangle Running out of Room:Tech Boom Eats up Prime Silicon Valley Industrial Location," The San Jose Mercury News,August 18,1996,http://rick.net/triangle.html,2006-5-26.
[1]Stephen Haase and John Weis,"Update on the Proposed Amendment to the North San Jose Area",Development Policy,Memorandum,March 5,2004,p.2.
[2]Ibid.
[3]San Jose Redevelopment Agency,"Build-out of the Edenvale Technology Park in South San Jose,"Redevelopment Journal,http://www.calredevelop.org/success_stories/2003June.pdf,2006-2-22.
[4]Brad Krouskup,"South County:Not just a bedroom community," Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal(April 14,2000),http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2000/04/17/focus5.html,2006-5-27.
[5]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faeulty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[1]San Jose Case Study,Part One:The Urban-Growth Boundary,http://www.ti.org/vaupdate31.html,2006-2-16.
[2]Frequently Asked Questions,Coyote Valley Specific Plan,Section 1:History and Process,p.1.,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/coyotevalley/docs/FAQ/FAQ_SECl.pdf,2006-2-22.
[3]Carl Nolte,Most-Changed City Is San Jose:Nowhere Prune Town Morphs into High-tech Eden,http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/09/02/MN29CAL.DTL,2006-2-25.
[1]Lee Foster,California:The San Jose Renaissance,http://www.fostertravel.com/CAJOS2.html,2006-5-27.
[1]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sihistory.htm,2006-5-26.
[2]San Jose Holiday Parade:A Family Tradition,http://www.sanjoseholidayparade.com/history-text.html,2006-5-27.
[1]一些学者对圣何塞的发展策略持怀疑否定态度。如戴维·巴林杰(David Barringer)就将圣何塞的城市发展策略看作“新的城市赌搏”,亚历克斯·马歇尔(Alex Marshall)也认为,艺术博物馆、水族馆不应当作为城市经济的基础,圣何塞的做法有些本末倒置。见:Alex Marshall,How Cities Work:Suburbs,Sprawl,and the Roads Hot Taken(Austin:University of Texas Press,2002),p.79.Lora J.Finnegan,"Getting to know the new San Jose - California," Sunset(Oct,1994),http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1216/is_n4_v193/ai_16166877,2006-05-27.
[2]Courtney Ronan,San Jose:The Jewel of Silicon Valley,Realty Times(June 14,1999),http://realtytimes.com/rtcpages/19990614_sanjose.htm,2006-5-27.
[3]Ian Stokell,"San Jose's Center for Software Development Opens,"Newsbytes News Network (June,29,1993),http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_mONEW/is_1993_June_29/ai_14048067,2006-05-27.
[4]Terry Christensen,"San Jose Becomes The Capital of Silicon Valley,"http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/PoliSci/faculty/christensen/sj_history.htm,2006-5-26.
[5]Carl Nolte,"California Rides the Wave:Booming growth,quakes,fires and floods -- and the rise of cybernirvana.There was rarely a dull moment in the Golden State in the'80s and'9Os.,Sunday," San Francisco Chronicle,Bay 30,1999,http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/05/30/SC48827.DTL
[1]Del D.Borgsdorf and Paul Krutko,p.53.
[1]高珮义:《中外城市化比较研究》,第137页。
[2]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组:2005中国可持续发展战略报告8:中国城市化的成本分析,http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/EPCITY/UNPAN021879.pdf,2005-7-26.
[1]Michael A.Goldberg and Gerald R.Walter,"Forecasting Employment and Industrial Location in the San Francisco Bay Area," California Management Review,Summer 1968,p.21.
[1]王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,序言第3页。
[1]谢文蕙、邓卫:《城市经济学》,北京·清华大学出版社,1996年版,第170页。
[1]S.L.Bachman,Globalization in the San Francisco Bay Area:Trying to Stay at the Head of the Class,The Pacific Council on International Policy,January 2003,p.8.
[2]目前学术界对“全球城市”的理论研究尚处于完善之中,即使关于名称,也有“世界城市”、“全球城市”、“国际城市”等不同称呼和定义。一般公认为纽约、伦敦和东京处十全球城市的第一层次。而众多学者一般把旧金山看作第二层次的全球性城市,多称之为区域性国际城市。参见:周振华等编:《世界城市——国际经验与上海发展》,上海社会科学院出版社,2004年版,第3-13页,34-46页。
[3]卡尔·艾博特:《大都市边疆》,第102页。
[4]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市——纽约 伦敦 东京》(周振华等译),上海社会科学院出版社,2005年版,第83-117页。
[5]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市》,第83页。
[6]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市》,第140-144页。
[7]丝奇雅·沙森:《全球城市》,第168-171页。
[1]王力、黄育华主编:《国际全融中心研究》,北京·中国财政经济出版社,2004年版,第15-16页。
[2]孙永新主编:《迎接全球银行购并浪潮》,北京·中国金融出版社,2000年版,第96页。
[3]孙永新主编:《迎接全球银行购并浪潮》,第134-135页。
[4]王力、黄育华编:《国际金融中心研究》,第163-164页。
[1]粱茂信:《都市化时代》,第157-166页。
[2]参见:James E.Vance,Jr.,p.86.
[3]参见:王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,第303-320页;梁茂信:《都市化时代》,第233-236页。
[4]Glenna Mattews," ' The Los Angeles of the North' San Jose' s Transition From Fruit Capital to High-Teeh Metropolis,"Journal of Urban Histoty Vol.25,No.4(May 1999),p.465.
[5]James E.Vance,Jr.,p.81.
[1]MTC,County-to-County Commuting in the San Francisco Bay Area,1960-2030,http://www.mtc.ca.gov/maps_and_data/datamart/stats/cntycom.htm,2006-7-9.
[1]Ibid.
[2]San Jose Residents by Place of Work within the Greater Bay Area,Census 2000,http://www.sanjoseca.gov/planning/Census/Commuting.xls,2006-7-9.
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