脉冲中子全谱饱和度测井数据处理方法研究
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摘要
脉冲中子全谱饱和度测井是一种采用特定脉冲和测量时序,具有双脉冲中子伽马、中子寿命以及氧活化三种测井工作模式,通过记录伽马能谱和时间谱,能分模式得到地层碳氧比、中子寿命以及水流信息,用以评价地层含油饱和度的脉冲中子测井技术。分析脉冲中子全谱饱和度测井三种工作模式的时序设计,研究各种模式下的数据处理过程,对比各种方法的处理效果,选择效果最好的,并提出新的处理方法。对碳氧比数据进行能谱漂移校正,纯净非弹谱获取及数据异常检测的研究,利用数值模拟得到标准谱用以相关对比,结合逐道比较得到了更好的寻峰效果;利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟BGO探测器对不同能量的响应,选择合适的能窗边界,并提出新的反映地层信息的曲线组合;利用谱相关对比法对原始谱数据进行数据异常检测。中子寿命模式伽马时间谱数据受本底影响较大,比较多种滤波方法的滤波效果,对时间谱进行二维成像显示,利用双指数衰减拟合法计算地层宏观俘获截面,结果更接近地层真实值;利用指数坐标下的峰形函数处理氧活化时间谱数据,应用于实际资料处理,得到较好的效果。利用蒙特卡罗方法计算了双脉冲中子伽马模式下各种不同的地层因素对碳氧比值和宏观俘获截面单独的影响关系,以及对利用碳氧比值和宏观截面交会图计算地层含油饱和度的影响。岩性、孔隙度、泥质含量、井眼条件都会对碳氧比和宏观截面产生影响,其中碳氧比受地层孔隙度影响较大,宏观截面的应用受地层水矿化度的影响。在缺失孔隙度资料或低矿化度地层,采用碳氧比和宏观截面交会可以确定地层含油饱和度,提高了适用范围。
The pulsed neutron full spectrum saturation logging is a well logging technology including three work model of bispectrum mode, neutron lifetime mode and oxygen activation mode that can record gamma ray energy spectrum and time spectrum by means of a special pulse and measurement timing design, then to get the information of formation C/O, neutron lifetime and water fluid which are used for formation oil saturation evaluation. According to the three word-model timing design of pulsed neutron full spectrum logging, different data processing methods of different models were studied, and the best method was chosen by the comparison of treatment effect. For C/O data, the studies of energy spectrum drift correction, calculation of clean inelastic gamma spectrum and examination of abnormal data are accomplished. The standard spectrum for correlation contrast was obtained from numerical simulation, and the best way of peak search is combination of correlation contrast and step by step contrast. The response spectrum of BGO detector under the condition of different energy were simulated by using Monte-Carlo method, the boundaries of energy windows were refreshed, and a new group of curves including new formation information was presented. The method of spectrum correlation contrast was used for examination of abnormal data. For the great background of gamma time spectrum under the neutron lifetime mode, different filtering methods were compared. The formation neutron lifetime was directly display in time chromatogram, and the cross section was calculated by the method of double exponential decay fitting. The treatment effect of different peak function on data of oxygen activation mode were compared, and a new function was chosen out for real data processing, obtained a better treatment effect. The relationships between different formation factors and the ratio of carbon/ oxygen and formation cross section and the crossplot of C/O andΣwere simulated by using Monte-Carlo method. Lithology, porosity, shale content and the condition of borehole all have influence on the calculation of C/O andΣ, among them, the influence of porosity to C/O and salinity of formation water toΣis the biggest. These influence can be reduced by the technology of using crossplot of C/O andΣto calculate formation saturation, increasing the scope of application.
The pulsed neutron full spectrum saturation logging is a well logging technology including three work model of bispectrum mode, neutron lifetime mode and oxygen activation mode that can record gamma ray energy spectrum and time spectrum by means of a special pulse and measurement timing design, then to get the information of formation C/O, neutron lifetime and water fluid which are used for formation oil saturation evaluation. According to the three word-model timing design of pulsed neutron full spectrum logging, different data processing methods of different models were studied, and the best method was chosen by the comparison of treatment effect. For C/O data, the studies of energy spectrum drift correction, calculation of clean inelastic gamma spectrum and examination of abnormal data are accomplished. The standard spectrum for correlation contrast was obtained from numerical simulation, and the best way of peak search is combination of correlation contrast and step by step contrast. The response spectrum of BGO detector under the condition of different energy were simulated by using Monte-Carlo method, the boundaries of energy windows were refreshed, and a new group of curves including new formation information was presented. The method of spectrum correlation contrast was used for examination of abnormal data. For the great background of gamma time spectrum under the neutron lifetime mode, different filtering methods were compared. The formation neutron lifetime was directly display in time chromatogram, and the cross section was calculated by the method of double exponential decay fitting. The treatment effect of different peak function on data of oxygen activation mode were compared, and a new function was chosen out for real data processing, obtained a better treatment effect. The relationships between different formation factors and the ratio of carbon/ oxygen and formation cross section and the crossplot of C/O andΣwere simulated by using Monte-Carlo method. Lithology, porosity, shale content and the condition of borehole all have influence on the calculation of C/O andΣ, among them, the influence of porosity to C/O and salinity of formation water toΣis the biggest. These influence can be reduced by the technology of using crossplot of C/O andΣto calculate formation saturation, increasing the scope of application.
引文
[1]张唯聪,侯世华,等.RMT测井仪在某些油田中的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(2):151-154
[2] Jacobson L, Ethridge R and Simpson G.A new small-diameter High-performance reservoir monitoring tool[C]. The SPWLA39th Annual Logging Symposium, May, 1998
[3] Elshahawi H, Gad K and William A. Enhanced C/O Logging as an Effective Cased Hole Saturation Monitoring Solution Case Histories from the Gulf of Suez[J]. SPE71743,2001
[4] Robert D, Patrick D and Soran W. Quantitative Use of Computer Models in Calibration of the Computalog, Pulsed Neutron Thermal Decay Tool[C]. SPWLA 33rd Annual Logging Symposium, June 1992
[5]袁秀婷,张书经.PND测井在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层中的应用[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(1):114-118
[6] Gilchrist W.A, Prati, E and Pemper R,et al,. Introduction of a New Through-Tubing Multifunction Pulsed Neutron Instrument[J], SPE56803,1999
[7]张予生.一种新的确定储层剩余油饱和度的测井技术-PNN测井仪器及其应用[J].石油仪器,2005,19(3):27-28
[8]辛力,赵平,赵小青.改进型储层饱和度仪(RSTPro)[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(4):71-73
[9]李龙,杨联会,左东梅,等.COPJ-B型碳氧比能谱测井仪[J].石油仪器,2000,14(3):19-21
[10]吉朋松,庄人遴,林谦,等.双BGO晶体能谱测井[J].核电子学与探测技术,1997,17(2):116-119
[11]郑华,刘宪伟,董建华.双源距碳氧比测井技术研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(2):159-163
[12]董建华,刘宪伟,王晶.DDCO-2型双源距碳氧比能谱测井仪[J].石油仪器,2002,16(6):21-23
[13]吴丽萍,牛为民.应用于薄差层的伴随粒子碳氧比能谱测井仪[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(4):70-74
[14]吕学成.浅谈氯能谱测井[J].断块油气田,2000,7(2):21-22
[15]王振信,缪定云,刘洪亮,等.FCH地层流体饱和度测井研究[J].测井技术,2002,26(6):500-505
[16]李宝同.脉冲中子俘获测井求取饱和度精度研究[J].测井技术,1998,22(增刊):14-18
[17]刘宪伟,谭廷栋.碳氧比能谱测井数据预处理技术[J].测井技术,1998,22(1):1-4
[18]侯伟华,刘宪伟.减氢峰法获取碳氧比测井非弹谱的实施[J].测井技术,2001;25(3):184-188
[19]聂锐利,刘宪伟,等.双源距碳氧质量比能谱测井数据处理中虚拟探测器的设计与应用[J].大庆石油学院学报.2005,29(1):21-23
[20]庞巨丰,李敏,严正国.C/0能谱测井非弹谱的解析方法软件与应用[J].原子核物理评论,2005;22(1):67-71
[21]庞巨丰,李敏,等.热中子时间谱测井的解析[J].测井技术.2000.24(1):14-19
[22]刘国良,刘宪伟.脉冲氧活化测井水流速度计算方法研究[J].测井技术.2006.30(6):548~550
[23] A.I.Khisamutdinov and M.A.Phedorin. Numerical Method of Evaluating Elemental Content of Oil-Water Saturated Formation Based on Pulsed Neutron-Gamma Inelastic Log Data[J].SPE104342,2005
[24]黄隆基.放射性测井原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985:198-199
[25]丁大钊,叶春堂,赵志祥.中子物理学(下册)[M].北京:原子能出版社,2001:572-573
[26]卢希庭.原子核物理[M].第二版.北京:原子能出版社,2000:299-301
[27]张锋.我国脉冲中子测井技术发展综述[J].原子能科学技术.2009.43(增刊):116-121
[28]任晓荣,鲁保平,等.脉冲氧活化测井技术[J].测井技术,1999,23(5):385-388
[29]复旦大学,清华大学,北京大学合编.原子核物理实验方法(上册) [M].北京:原子能出版社,1983
[30] H. D. Scott, C. Stoller and B. A. Roscoe et al. A New Compensated Through-Tubing Carbon/Oxygen Tool for Use in Flowing Wells[C]. SPWLA 32nd Annul Logging Sysposium, June 16-19,1991
[31] L. A. Jacobson, R.. Beals and D. F. Wyatt, et al. Response Characterization of an Induced Gamma Spectrometry Tool Using a Bismuth Germanate Scintillator[C]. SPWLA 32nd Annul Logging Sysposium, June 16-19,1991
[34]张锋,孙建孟,孙燕.脉冲中子伽马能谱测井中探测器响应的数值模拟研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(4):316-320
[35]张锋,王新光.脉冲中子全能谱测井闪烁探测器响应特性的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].原子能科学技术,2009,43(1):90-96
[36]杨位钦,顾岚编著.时间序列分析与动态数据建模[M].第二版.北京理工大学出版社,1988: 23-26
[37]雍世和,张超谟,等.测井数据处理与综合解释.山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:45-46
[38]郭余峰.自然伽马能谱的平滑滤波处理[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(3):113-117
[39]彭琥.基于钟形函数的自然伽马测井响应[J].测井技术,2003,27(6):449-455
[40]张锋.脉冲中子剩余油饱和度测井新方法基础研究[D].山东东营:中国石油大学(华东),2008
[41]何光渝,雷群.Delphi常用数值算法集.北京:科学出版社,2001:504-513
[42]张锋,徐建平,胡玲妹,等.PNN测井方法的蒙特卡罗模拟结果研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1925-1931
[43]张锋,孙建孟.玻璃钢套管井中脉冲中子测井响应的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].测井技术,2007,31(3):224-228
[44]张锋,孙建孟,孙燕.脉冲中子伽马能谱测井中探测器响应的数值模拟研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(4):316-320
[45]王新光,张锋.低密度欠平衡钻井条件下中子孔隙度测井研究[J].测井技术,2009,33(3):293-298
[46]张锋,王新光.脉冲中子测井数据处理方法及影响因素的数值模拟研究[J].中国石油大学学报,2009,33(6):46-51
[47]张锋,王新光.利用俘获伽马能谱确定饱和度可行性及蒙特卡罗模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):280-287
[48]贾岩,张锋,王新光.水平井密度测井影响因素的蒙特卡罗模拟研究[J].测井技术,2007,31(2):135-138
[2] Jacobson L, Ethridge R and Simpson G.A new small-diameter High-performance reservoir monitoring tool[C]. The SPWLA39th Annual Logging Symposium, May, 1998
[3] Elshahawi H, Gad K and William A. Enhanced C/O Logging as an Effective Cased Hole Saturation Monitoring Solution Case Histories from the Gulf of Suez[J]. SPE71743,2001
[4] Robert D, Patrick D and Soran W. Quantitative Use of Computer Models in Calibration of the Computalog, Pulsed Neutron Thermal Decay Tool[C]. SPWLA 33rd Annual Logging Symposium, June 1992
[5]袁秀婷,张书经.PND测井在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层中的应用[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(1):114-118
[6] Gilchrist W.A, Prati, E and Pemper R,et al,. Introduction of a New Through-Tubing Multifunction Pulsed Neutron Instrument[J], SPE56803,1999
[7]张予生.一种新的确定储层剩余油饱和度的测井技术-PNN测井仪器及其应用[J].石油仪器,2005,19(3):27-28
[8]辛力,赵平,赵小青.改进型储层饱和度仪(RSTPro)[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(4):71-73
[9]李龙,杨联会,左东梅,等.COPJ-B型碳氧比能谱测井仪[J].石油仪器,2000,14(3):19-21
[10]吉朋松,庄人遴,林谦,等.双BGO晶体能谱测井[J].核电子学与探测技术,1997,17(2):116-119
[11]郑华,刘宪伟,董建华.双源距碳氧比测井技术研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(2):159-163
[12]董建华,刘宪伟,王晶.DDCO-2型双源距碳氧比能谱测井仪[J].石油仪器,2002,16(6):21-23
[13]吴丽萍,牛为民.应用于薄差层的伴随粒子碳氧比能谱测井仪[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(4):70-74
[14]吕学成.浅谈氯能谱测井[J].断块油气田,2000,7(2):21-22
[15]王振信,缪定云,刘洪亮,等.FCH地层流体饱和度测井研究[J].测井技术,2002,26(6):500-505
[16]李宝同.脉冲中子俘获测井求取饱和度精度研究[J].测井技术,1998,22(增刊):14-18
[17]刘宪伟,谭廷栋.碳氧比能谱测井数据预处理技术[J].测井技术,1998,22(1):1-4
[18]侯伟华,刘宪伟.减氢峰法获取碳氧比测井非弹谱的实施[J].测井技术,2001;25(3):184-188
[19]聂锐利,刘宪伟,等.双源距碳氧质量比能谱测井数据处理中虚拟探测器的设计与应用[J].大庆石油学院学报.2005,29(1):21-23
[20]庞巨丰,李敏,严正国.C/0能谱测井非弹谱的解析方法软件与应用[J].原子核物理评论,2005;22(1):67-71
[21]庞巨丰,李敏,等.热中子时间谱测井的解析[J].测井技术.2000.24(1):14-19
[22]刘国良,刘宪伟.脉冲氧活化测井水流速度计算方法研究[J].测井技术.2006.30(6):548~550
[23] A.I.Khisamutdinov and M.A.Phedorin. Numerical Method of Evaluating Elemental Content of Oil-Water Saturated Formation Based on Pulsed Neutron-Gamma Inelastic Log Data[J].SPE104342,2005
[24]黄隆基.放射性测井原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985:198-199
[25]丁大钊,叶春堂,赵志祥.中子物理学(下册)[M].北京:原子能出版社,2001:572-573
[26]卢希庭.原子核物理[M].第二版.北京:原子能出版社,2000:299-301
[27]张锋.我国脉冲中子测井技术发展综述[J].原子能科学技术.2009.43(增刊):116-121
[28]任晓荣,鲁保平,等.脉冲氧活化测井技术[J].测井技术,1999,23(5):385-388
[29]复旦大学,清华大学,北京大学合编.原子核物理实验方法(上册) [M].北京:原子能出版社,1983
[30] H. D. Scott, C. Stoller and B. A. Roscoe et al. A New Compensated Through-Tubing Carbon/Oxygen Tool for Use in Flowing Wells[C]. SPWLA 32nd Annul Logging Sysposium, June 16-19,1991
[31] L. A. Jacobson, R.. Beals and D. F. Wyatt, et al. Response Characterization of an Induced Gamma Spectrometry Tool Using a Bismuth Germanate Scintillator[C]. SPWLA 32nd Annul Logging Sysposium, June 16-19,1991
[34]张锋,孙建孟,孙燕.脉冲中子伽马能谱测井中探测器响应的数值模拟研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(4):316-320
[35]张锋,王新光.脉冲中子全能谱测井闪烁探测器响应特性的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].原子能科学技术,2009,43(1):90-96
[36]杨位钦,顾岚编著.时间序列分析与动态数据建模[M].第二版.北京理工大学出版社,1988: 23-26
[37]雍世和,张超谟,等.测井数据处理与综合解释.山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:45-46
[38]郭余峰.自然伽马能谱的平滑滤波处理[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(3):113-117
[39]彭琥.基于钟形函数的自然伽马测井响应[J].测井技术,2003,27(6):449-455
[40]张锋.脉冲中子剩余油饱和度测井新方法基础研究[D].山东东营:中国石油大学(华东),2008
[41]何光渝,雷群.Delphi常用数值算法集.北京:科学出版社,2001:504-513
[42]张锋,徐建平,胡玲妹,等.PNN测井方法的蒙特卡罗模拟结果研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1925-1931
[43]张锋,孙建孟.玻璃钢套管井中脉冲中子测井响应的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].测井技术,2007,31(3):224-228
[44]张锋,孙建孟,孙燕.脉冲中子伽马能谱测井中探测器响应的数值模拟研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(4):316-320
[45]王新光,张锋.低密度欠平衡钻井条件下中子孔隙度测井研究[J].测井技术,2009,33(3):293-298
[46]张锋,王新光.脉冲中子测井数据处理方法及影响因素的数值模拟研究[J].中国石油大学学报,2009,33(6):46-51
[47]张锋,王新光.利用俘获伽马能谱确定饱和度可行性及蒙特卡罗模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):280-287
[48]贾岩,张锋,王新光.水平井密度测井影响因素的蒙特卡罗模拟研究[J].测井技术,2007,31(2):135-138