石圪台煤矿浅埋较薄煤层开采覆岩运动规律研究
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摘要
本文以神东矿区石圪台煤矿71301较薄煤层综采工作面为依托,采用现场实测、理论分析、数值模拟、相似材料模拟方法对浅埋较薄煤层开采覆岩运动规律进行了研究。
浅埋较薄煤层开采在神东矿区尚属首次,通过现场实测积累了采场、超前顺槽的相关矿压资料,得出工作面中部压力最大,周期来压具有分段性,工作面中下部首先来压,运输顺槽侧滞后回风顺槽侧3～5m的距离来压;综合超前顺槽变形、顶板离层、支柱载荷变化规律确定超前支承压力为单一弹性分布形态,其影响范围分区性明显,明显影响区域为煤壁前方20m左右的范围。
通过理论分析获得了顶板断裂呈现的结构形态,确定出了控制老顶结构稳定性的合理支架工作阻力;结合71301工作面具体情况确定控制老顶“台阶岩梁”结构所需的支护阻力较“短砌体梁”结构大,与现场实测相吻合。
通过数值模拟获得了浅埋较薄煤层开采覆岩应力、位移演化规律,得出工作面中部应力数值最大,超前支承压力峰值位于煤壁处,超前影响区域为煤壁前方20m左右的范围;获得了不同基岩厚度对较薄煤层开采覆岩运动规律的影响,得出浅埋较薄煤层开采过程中在上方覆岩中存在应力壳结构形态,随基岩厚度的增加应力壳逐渐向上、向前扩展,基岩厚度为80m时其在高度方向的扩展趋于稳定;确定出了合理区段保护煤柱的尺寸为10m,为缩小煤柱尺寸、提高煤炭资源回收率提供了依据。
通过相似材料模拟直观再现了覆岩裂隙萌生、扩展及贯通全过程,得出上覆岩层不存在普通煤层开采的“三带”,只存在垮落带和裂隙带“两带”,垮落带高度为5～7.6倍采高,其上裂隙带扩展直至地表;获得了不同赋存条件下重复采动对覆岩结构稳定性的影响,由于垮落岩层结构性较差,在重复采动影响下弯曲下沉继续扩展,且其弯曲下沉较上层煤开采大得多。
Based on the fully mechanized thinner coal seam face of NO.71301 in Shi Getai coal mine, Shendong mining area, this paper resorted to methods of measurement on the spot, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and similarity material simulation to research the overlying strata movement law during shallow thinner seam mining.
It was the first time for Shendong mining area to mine shallow thinner seam, so there was no successful experience to refer. The related mine pressure data of face and advanced gate was accumulated firstly by measuring on the spot. It was obtained that the biggest pressure area located in the middle of face, periodical weighting had the characteristic of partition, the weighting came from the lower part of face firstly, and the weighting of haulage gate lagged behind air return way by 3-5m. It was confirmed that the distributional pattern of advanced support pressure was unitary elasticity by synthesizing advanced gate deformation, roof separation and the variation of prop load. Its range of influence was markedly divisional and the obvious region was about 20m in front of the coal wall.
The configuration presented during the roof breaking was obtained and the reasonable support working resistance of controlling the structural stability of main roof was determined by theoretical analysis. According to the particular case of NO.71301 face, it was confirmed that the support resistance of controlling main roof "step rock beam", which was close to the measurement on the spot, was bigger than the support resistance of "short masonry beam".
Through numerical simulation, the evolution law of stress and displacement of overlying strata during shallow thinner seam mining was obtained. The stress value was biggest in the middle of face, the peak value of advanced support pressure located at the coal wall, and the advanced influence area was the scope of about 20m in front of coal wall. The influence to overlying strata movement was obtained during thinner seam mining under different thicknesses of bedrock by numerical simulation. There was stress shell structure in the above strata during shallow thinner seam mining, which expanded gradually upward and forward along with the thickening of bedrock. It tended to be stable in height direction when the bedrock thickness was 80m. It was determined that the reasonable size of protecting coal pillar was 10m by numerical simulation, which provided basis for shrinking pillar size and raising the recovery rate of resources.
The process of fissure initiation, expansion and perforation in overlying strata was visual reproduced by similarity material simulation. It was obtained that there weren't "three zones" in overlying strata, as the ordinary coal seam mining, but "two zones", caving zone and fissure zone. The height of caving zone was about 5-7.6 times of height mining, and the fissure zone above caving zone expanded to the surface. The influence to structure stability of overlying strata by repeating mining under different conditions of occurrence was obtained through similarity material test. Because of the worse structure of broken down rock strata, under the influence of repeating mining it continued to sink and the subsidence of the overlying strata above the upper seam was much bigger than the subsidence during upper seam mining.
浅埋较薄煤层开采在神东矿区尚属首次,通过现场实测积累了采场、超前顺槽的相关矿压资料,得出工作面中部压力最大,周期来压具有分段性,工作面中下部首先来压,运输顺槽侧滞后回风顺槽侧3～5m的距离来压;综合超前顺槽变形、顶板离层、支柱载荷变化规律确定超前支承压力为单一弹性分布形态,其影响范围分区性明显,明显影响区域为煤壁前方20m左右的范围。
通过理论分析获得了顶板断裂呈现的结构形态,确定出了控制老顶结构稳定性的合理支架工作阻力;结合71301工作面具体情况确定控制老顶“台阶岩梁”结构所需的支护阻力较“短砌体梁”结构大,与现场实测相吻合。
通过数值模拟获得了浅埋较薄煤层开采覆岩应力、位移演化规律,得出工作面中部应力数值最大,超前支承压力峰值位于煤壁处,超前影响区域为煤壁前方20m左右的范围;获得了不同基岩厚度对较薄煤层开采覆岩运动规律的影响,得出浅埋较薄煤层开采过程中在上方覆岩中存在应力壳结构形态,随基岩厚度的增加应力壳逐渐向上、向前扩展,基岩厚度为80m时其在高度方向的扩展趋于稳定;确定出了合理区段保护煤柱的尺寸为10m,为缩小煤柱尺寸、提高煤炭资源回收率提供了依据。
通过相似材料模拟直观再现了覆岩裂隙萌生、扩展及贯通全过程,得出上覆岩层不存在普通煤层开采的“三带”,只存在垮落带和裂隙带“两带”,垮落带高度为5～7.6倍采高,其上裂隙带扩展直至地表;获得了不同赋存条件下重复采动对覆岩结构稳定性的影响,由于垮落岩层结构性较差,在重复采动影响下弯曲下沉继续扩展,且其弯曲下沉较上层煤开采大得多。
Based on the fully mechanized thinner coal seam face of NO.71301 in Shi Getai coal mine, Shendong mining area, this paper resorted to methods of measurement on the spot, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and similarity material simulation to research the overlying strata movement law during shallow thinner seam mining.
It was the first time for Shendong mining area to mine shallow thinner seam, so there was no successful experience to refer. The related mine pressure data of face and advanced gate was accumulated firstly by measuring on the spot. It was obtained that the biggest pressure area located in the middle of face, periodical weighting had the characteristic of partition, the weighting came from the lower part of face firstly, and the weighting of haulage gate lagged behind air return way by 3-5m. It was confirmed that the distributional pattern of advanced support pressure was unitary elasticity by synthesizing advanced gate deformation, roof separation and the variation of prop load. Its range of influence was markedly divisional and the obvious region was about 20m in front of the coal wall.
The configuration presented during the roof breaking was obtained and the reasonable support working resistance of controlling the structural stability of main roof was determined by theoretical analysis. According to the particular case of NO.71301 face, it was confirmed that the support resistance of controlling main roof "step rock beam", which was close to the measurement on the spot, was bigger than the support resistance of "short masonry beam".
Through numerical simulation, the evolution law of stress and displacement of overlying strata during shallow thinner seam mining was obtained. The stress value was biggest in the middle of face, the peak value of advanced support pressure located at the coal wall, and the advanced influence area was the scope of about 20m in front of coal wall. The influence to overlying strata movement was obtained during thinner seam mining under different thicknesses of bedrock by numerical simulation. There was stress shell structure in the above strata during shallow thinner seam mining, which expanded gradually upward and forward along with the thickening of bedrock. It tended to be stable in height direction when the bedrock thickness was 80m. It was determined that the reasonable size of protecting coal pillar was 10m by numerical simulation, which provided basis for shrinking pillar size and raising the recovery rate of resources.
The process of fissure initiation, expansion and perforation in overlying strata was visual reproduced by similarity material simulation. It was obtained that there weren't "three zones" in overlying strata, as the ordinary coal seam mining, but "two zones", caving zone and fissure zone. The height of caving zone was about 5-7.6 times of height mining, and the fissure zone above caving zone expanded to the surface. The influence to structure stability of overlying strata by repeating mining under different conditions of occurrence was obtained through similarity material test. Because of the worse structure of broken down rock strata, under the influence of repeating mining it continued to sink and the subsidence of the overlying strata above the upper seam was much bigger than the subsidence during upper seam mining.
引文
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