掺土粉煤灰动力特性研究
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摘要
粉煤灰是火电厂燃煤的副产品,它是一种利用潜力很大的资源。在国外粉煤灰的利用率在80%以上,而在我国粉煤灰的利用起步较晚,利用率仅为20%左右,大多数粉煤灰用作生产建筑材料和水泥混凝土以及作为砂浆的掺和料。而在国外粉煤灰大部分用作建筑结构的填充材料,例如用于坝基、路基的轻质填筑材料,对减轻土体结构自重,减少软土地基路堤和坝体的沉降,提高土体抗剪强度,具有非常好的效果。
粉煤灰作为路堤、坝体的填充材料时,具有许多的优越的工程性能,比如自重轻、轻度高、压缩沉降小、固结快、压实好等,是其他黏性土无法达到的工程效果。但粉煤灰也有自己不利之处,最大缺陷就是振动荷载作用时极易产生液化现象,强度急剧衰弱;而且当粉煤灰作为坝基路基利用时,如果压实不到位,强度很低等。原因就是,粉煤灰颗粒之间缺少必要的粘聚力,在振动动力作用下易发生强度急剧降低并产生液化现象,不利于路堤、坝体及边坡的稳定,从而对工程的安全运行造成不利影响。粉煤灰基本上属于粉土、粉砂性的无粘土,因而具有类似砂土的性质。
基于这个思想,我们希望找到一种能够解决粉煤灰“无塑性”的方法。本文采取试验的方法,在粉煤灰中掺入黄土这种粘性土作为黏性来源,来增加粉煤灰中的黏性物质,增大粉煤灰颗粒之间的粘聚力,改善粉煤灰的变形特征和强度特性,改变粉煤灰易于液化的不利现象。
试验采用在粉煤灰中掺和不同比例的黄土,制作不同掺和土的粉煤灰试样进行动扭剪试验研究,分析掺土粉煤灰的动力特性,从而得到掺土粉煤灰的在振动荷载作用下的变形特征和动动强度特征,分析掺土粉煤灰的动模量和阻尼比及应力应变关系,研究掺土粉煤灰的动强度规律及液化特性。
研究结果表明随着在纯粉煤灰中掺入黏性土的增加,粉煤灰的干密度近似呈线性增加,而相应的最优含水率近似呈线性递减,可有效的提高粉煤灰的最大干密度,同时降低所用水量。掺入黏性土提高了粉煤灰的动强度指标参数,粉煤灰的黏聚力cd随掺土量的增大呈明显的增大趋势,内摩擦角φd随掺土量的增长呈略微减小的趋势,但黏聚力增大的幅度比内摩擦角的减小要大的多,从而可以有效地改善了粉煤灰的抗液化性能。试验通过分析,表明既能改善粉煤灰的液化性能又能发挥粉煤灰的强度特性的最优掺土量为30%左右,工程中可以根据实际需要和黏性土及粉煤灰物理化学特性进行选择掺土量。
Fly-ash is a by-product of coal-fired thermal power plant, it is a great potential for use of resources. The utilization of fly-ash in foreign countries in more than 80%, while the use of fly ash in China started late, only about 20% utilization, the majority of fly ash and cement, construction materials for the production of concrete as well as mortar admixture. Fly abroad for most of the fill material structure, for example, foundation, embankment fill material of the light, soil structure to reduce weight, reduce the soft embankment and dam settlement, improve soil shear strength, with very good results.
Fly-ash as embankment fill material of the dam, with a lot of excellent work performance, such as light weight, slightly higher compression small settlement, consolidation fast, good compaction of other clay that can not be attained project results. However, fly-ash also has its own disadvantages, the biggest flaw is the "no plastic", fly-ash particles lack the necessary cohesion, under the driving force in vibration-prone and have a drastic decrease of intensity of the phenomenon of liquefaction is not conducive to the embankment, dam and the stability of the slope, thus the project adversely affect the safe operation. Fly-ash is basically silt, silt and clay-free and thus the nature of a similar sand.
Based on this idea, we hope to be able to find a solution to fly "no plastic" approach. In this paper, the method of test taking, in the fly-ash by mixing loess clay such as a source of viscosity, to increase the adhesive material in fly-ash, fly-ash increased cohesion between particles, and to improve the powder deformation characteristics of coal ash and strength characteristics of fly-ash is easy to change the negative phenomenon of liquefaction.
Experiment using different percentage of fly ash admixture of loess, the production of fly ash in different soil samples admixture dynamic torsional shear tests carried out research, analysis of fly ash mixed dynamic characteristics of soil, resulting in the fly ash mixed soil vibration loads in the deformation characteristics and dynamic characteristics of dynamic strength, analysis of fly ash mixed dynamic soil modulus and damping ratio and the stress-strain relationship, research doped the dynamic strength of fly ash soil and liquefaction characteristics of the law.
The results show that with the introduction of fly ash in a pure increase in clay, fly ash of the dry density increased approximately linearly, while the optimal moisture content of the corresponding approximate linear decrease can be effective to improve coal maximum dry density of gray, while reducing the water consumption. Cohesive soil incorporation of fly ash increased the dynamic strength parameters, cohesion sticky fly ash mixed with soil Cd amount of the increase was significantly larger trend, internal friction angle of soil mixed withφd growth was slightly decreased, but the viscosity increased cohesion than the decrease of internal friction angle of more than larger, which can effectively improve the performance of fly ash of the anti-liquefaction. Test through the analysis, showed that fly ash can improve the performance of the liquefaction strength of fly ash can play the best characteristics of mixed soil about 30 percent of the project can be based on actual needs and cohesive soil and fly ash physical and chemical characteristics to choose the volume of mixed soil.
粉煤灰作为路堤、坝体的填充材料时,具有许多的优越的工程性能,比如自重轻、轻度高、压缩沉降小、固结快、压实好等,是其他黏性土无法达到的工程效果。但粉煤灰也有自己不利之处,最大缺陷就是振动荷载作用时极易产生液化现象,强度急剧衰弱;而且当粉煤灰作为坝基路基利用时,如果压实不到位,强度很低等。原因就是,粉煤灰颗粒之间缺少必要的粘聚力,在振动动力作用下易发生强度急剧降低并产生液化现象,不利于路堤、坝体及边坡的稳定,从而对工程的安全运行造成不利影响。粉煤灰基本上属于粉土、粉砂性的无粘土,因而具有类似砂土的性质。
基于这个思想,我们希望找到一种能够解决粉煤灰“无塑性”的方法。本文采取试验的方法,在粉煤灰中掺入黄土这种粘性土作为黏性来源,来增加粉煤灰中的黏性物质,增大粉煤灰颗粒之间的粘聚力,改善粉煤灰的变形特征和强度特性,改变粉煤灰易于液化的不利现象。
试验采用在粉煤灰中掺和不同比例的黄土,制作不同掺和土的粉煤灰试样进行动扭剪试验研究,分析掺土粉煤灰的动力特性,从而得到掺土粉煤灰的在振动荷载作用下的变形特征和动动强度特征,分析掺土粉煤灰的动模量和阻尼比及应力应变关系,研究掺土粉煤灰的动强度规律及液化特性。
研究结果表明随着在纯粉煤灰中掺入黏性土的增加,粉煤灰的干密度近似呈线性增加,而相应的最优含水率近似呈线性递减,可有效的提高粉煤灰的最大干密度,同时降低所用水量。掺入黏性土提高了粉煤灰的动强度指标参数,粉煤灰的黏聚力cd随掺土量的增大呈明显的增大趋势,内摩擦角φd随掺土量的增长呈略微减小的趋势,但黏聚力增大的幅度比内摩擦角的减小要大的多,从而可以有效地改善了粉煤灰的抗液化性能。试验通过分析,表明既能改善粉煤灰的液化性能又能发挥粉煤灰的强度特性的最优掺土量为30%左右,工程中可以根据实际需要和黏性土及粉煤灰物理化学特性进行选择掺土量。
Fly-ash is a by-product of coal-fired thermal power plant, it is a great potential for use of resources. The utilization of fly-ash in foreign countries in more than 80%, while the use of fly ash in China started late, only about 20% utilization, the majority of fly ash and cement, construction materials for the production of concrete as well as mortar admixture. Fly abroad for most of the fill material structure, for example, foundation, embankment fill material of the light, soil structure to reduce weight, reduce the soft embankment and dam settlement, improve soil shear strength, with very good results.
Fly-ash as embankment fill material of the dam, with a lot of excellent work performance, such as light weight, slightly higher compression small settlement, consolidation fast, good compaction of other clay that can not be attained project results. However, fly-ash also has its own disadvantages, the biggest flaw is the "no plastic", fly-ash particles lack the necessary cohesion, under the driving force in vibration-prone and have a drastic decrease of intensity of the phenomenon of liquefaction is not conducive to the embankment, dam and the stability of the slope, thus the project adversely affect the safe operation. Fly-ash is basically silt, silt and clay-free and thus the nature of a similar sand.
Based on this idea, we hope to be able to find a solution to fly "no plastic" approach. In this paper, the method of test taking, in the fly-ash by mixing loess clay such as a source of viscosity, to increase the adhesive material in fly-ash, fly-ash increased cohesion between particles, and to improve the powder deformation characteristics of coal ash and strength characteristics of fly-ash is easy to change the negative phenomenon of liquefaction.
Experiment using different percentage of fly ash admixture of loess, the production of fly ash in different soil samples admixture dynamic torsional shear tests carried out research, analysis of fly ash mixed dynamic characteristics of soil, resulting in the fly ash mixed soil vibration loads in the deformation characteristics and dynamic characteristics of dynamic strength, analysis of fly ash mixed dynamic soil modulus and damping ratio and the stress-strain relationship, research doped the dynamic strength of fly ash soil and liquefaction characteristics of the law.
The results show that with the introduction of fly ash in a pure increase in clay, fly ash of the dry density increased approximately linearly, while the optimal moisture content of the corresponding approximate linear decrease can be effective to improve coal maximum dry density of gray, while reducing the water consumption. Cohesive soil incorporation of fly ash increased the dynamic strength parameters, cohesion sticky fly ash mixed with soil Cd amount of the increase was significantly larger trend, internal friction angle of soil mixed withφd growth was slightly decreased, but the viscosity increased cohesion than the decrease of internal friction angle of more than larger, which can effectively improve the performance of fly ash of the anti-liquefaction. Test through the analysis, showed that fly ash can improve the performance of the liquefaction strength of fly ash can play the best characteristics of mixed soil about 30 percent of the project can be based on actual needs and cohesive soil and fly ash physical and chemical characteristics to choose the volume of mixed soil.
引文
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