小型通用汽油机气缸压力采集与燃烧分析系统的研究
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摘要
本文进行了小型通用汽油机气缸压力采集与燃烧分析系统的开发研究,该系统由数据采集卡、传感器等硬件、缸压数据采集和燃烧分析软件等组成。
基于示功图的信息是研究发动机缸内工作过程的重要手段。通过实测的示功图,经过计算整理可以获得诸如指示功、燃烧热效率等指示指标,最高燃烧压力及其对应曲轴转角、最高压力升高率及其对应曲轴转角、已燃质量分数、放热率等物理量,对进一步分析和揭示发动机缸内燃烧过程研究提供基础。
高分辨率、高采集率、多通道、无相差和可以任意设定采样频率等特性的A/D板卡及一大批性能优越的相关测试仪器如转角信号发生器、电荷放大器、工控计算机等计算机硬件技术的高速发展深刻影响着现代气缸压力数据采集系统的发展。本开发研究系统中的数据采集系统选用瑞士Kistler公司生产的6117B型火花塞式缸压传感器,可以采集发动机缸内气缸压力数据,非常便利于分析发动机缸内的燃烧状况。以倒拖法确定发动机动态上止点的位置,为燃烧分析提供准确的基准信息。对于实验室及周围的干扰信号,采取硬件、软件两方面的相应措施来减小对系统的干扰和影响。
使用Visual Basic.NET独立开发了汽油机气缸压力采集与燃烧分析软件。该软件在软件工程学的指导下,基于面向对象编程思想贯穿整个开发过程。软件界面设计简单、易于操作,独立的模块方便进一步扩充功能。软件设定为单通道采集气缸压力信号,还留有15个备用模拟通道。采集到的数据经过气缸压力数据标定处理和一系列光顺处理后,可绘制出气缸压力示功图、最大压力及出现的对应曲轴转角、压力升高率、已燃质量分数和累计燃料燃烧量等多项燃烧特性参数随曲轴转角的变化曲线图。
本文以一台SL1P68F型小型通用汽油机为研究对象。运用自行开发研制的测试系统对其进行了不同运行工况的实验研究,分析了小型通用汽油机放热率、燃烧效率以及E10,E50,E95特征点等燃烧性能参数,验证了自主开发的燃烧分析系统的可行性,为分析和改进发动机性能提供相应的基础。
In this paper, Non-road Spark-ignition Small Engines pressure acquisition and combustion analysis system are investigated. The system consists of data acquisition system and engine cylinder pressure acquisition and combustion analysis software.
The information of indicator diagram is important to investigate in-cylinder working process in engine. We can get many physical parameters through indicator diagram acquired in the experiment. Such as indicator work, mean indicated pressure, maximal pressure and corresponding crank angle, maximal rate of pressure rise and correspond ding crank angle and mass fraction burned, heat release rate, etc. These physical parameters can analyze and show primary in-cylinder combustion process in engine.
Modern cylinder pressure acquisition system is deeply affected by the advanced computer hardware technology, include A /D card with the capabilities of high resolution, high sampling rate, non discrepancy and setting sampling rate at will is combined with a lot of excellent measuring equipment such as crank shaft angle encoder, charge amplifier, industrial control computer, etc. We use a 6117B spark plug cylinder pressure sensors made by Kistler corp., Switzerland. Cylinder pressure data can be sampled and conveniently analyzed to identify the combustion conditions in all cylinders. The engine is motored in research of position of dynamic TDC for combustion analysis needs exact reference information. Considering the different disturbance signals in the laboratory, hardware and software setting measures were taken to reduce these disturbances.
Visual Basic.NET is used to develop Non-road Spark-ignition Small Engines pressure acquisition and combustion analysis software. Based on Software Engineering guidance, the idea of object-oriented programming runs through whole developing process. The software interface is designed simply and easily operated and independent modules are convenient for extending more functions. One analog channel can sample cylinder pressure signal, fifteen spare analog channels are reserved. The acquired data need to be analyzed and treated with some mathematic methods, and cylinder indicator diagrams, rate of pressure rise diagrams, the burned mass fraction diagrams and rate of the burned mass fraction rise diagram can be drawn.
Cylinder pressure data at different speed and load were sampled in experiments of SL1P68F engine. The author studied the heat release rate and heat efficiency on of Non-road Spark-ignition Small Engines, and the E10, E50 and E95 of different load and speed, and this verified that the combustion system meet the need of study.
基于示功图的信息是研究发动机缸内工作过程的重要手段。通过实测的示功图,经过计算整理可以获得诸如指示功、燃烧热效率等指示指标,最高燃烧压力及其对应曲轴转角、最高压力升高率及其对应曲轴转角、已燃质量分数、放热率等物理量,对进一步分析和揭示发动机缸内燃烧过程研究提供基础。
高分辨率、高采集率、多通道、无相差和可以任意设定采样频率等特性的A/D板卡及一大批性能优越的相关测试仪器如转角信号发生器、电荷放大器、工控计算机等计算机硬件技术的高速发展深刻影响着现代气缸压力数据采集系统的发展。本开发研究系统中的数据采集系统选用瑞士Kistler公司生产的6117B型火花塞式缸压传感器,可以采集发动机缸内气缸压力数据,非常便利于分析发动机缸内的燃烧状况。以倒拖法确定发动机动态上止点的位置,为燃烧分析提供准确的基准信息。对于实验室及周围的干扰信号,采取硬件、软件两方面的相应措施来减小对系统的干扰和影响。
使用Visual Basic.NET独立开发了汽油机气缸压力采集与燃烧分析软件。该软件在软件工程学的指导下,基于面向对象编程思想贯穿整个开发过程。软件界面设计简单、易于操作,独立的模块方便进一步扩充功能。软件设定为单通道采集气缸压力信号,还留有15个备用模拟通道。采集到的数据经过气缸压力数据标定处理和一系列光顺处理后,可绘制出气缸压力示功图、最大压力及出现的对应曲轴转角、压力升高率、已燃质量分数和累计燃料燃烧量等多项燃烧特性参数随曲轴转角的变化曲线图。
本文以一台SL1P68F型小型通用汽油机为研究对象。运用自行开发研制的测试系统对其进行了不同运行工况的实验研究,分析了小型通用汽油机放热率、燃烧效率以及E10,E50,E95特征点等燃烧性能参数,验证了自主开发的燃烧分析系统的可行性,为分析和改进发动机性能提供相应的基础。
In this paper, Non-road Spark-ignition Small Engines pressure acquisition and combustion analysis system are investigated. The system consists of data acquisition system and engine cylinder pressure acquisition and combustion analysis software.
The information of indicator diagram is important to investigate in-cylinder working process in engine. We can get many physical parameters through indicator diagram acquired in the experiment. Such as indicator work, mean indicated pressure, maximal pressure and corresponding crank angle, maximal rate of pressure rise and correspond ding crank angle and mass fraction burned, heat release rate, etc. These physical parameters can analyze and show primary in-cylinder combustion process in engine.
Modern cylinder pressure acquisition system is deeply affected by the advanced computer hardware technology, include A /D card with the capabilities of high resolution, high sampling rate, non discrepancy and setting sampling rate at will is combined with a lot of excellent measuring equipment such as crank shaft angle encoder, charge amplifier, industrial control computer, etc. We use a 6117B spark plug cylinder pressure sensors made by Kistler corp., Switzerland. Cylinder pressure data can be sampled and conveniently analyzed to identify the combustion conditions in all cylinders. The engine is motored in research of position of dynamic TDC for combustion analysis needs exact reference information. Considering the different disturbance signals in the laboratory, hardware and software setting measures were taken to reduce these disturbances.
Visual Basic.NET is used to develop Non-road Spark-ignition Small Engines pressure acquisition and combustion analysis software. Based on Software Engineering guidance, the idea of object-oriented programming runs through whole developing process. The software interface is designed simply and easily operated and independent modules are convenient for extending more functions. One analog channel can sample cylinder pressure signal, fifteen spare analog channels are reserved. The acquired data need to be analyzed and treated with some mathematic methods, and cylinder indicator diagrams, rate of pressure rise diagrams, the burned mass fraction diagrams and rate of the burned mass fraction rise diagram can be drawn.
Cylinder pressure data at different speed and load were sampled in experiments of SL1P68F engine. The author studied the heat release rate and heat efficiency on of Non-road Spark-ignition Small Engines, and the E10, E50 and E95 of different load and speed, and this verified that the combustion system meet the need of study.
引文
[1]史绍熙,内燃机燃烧研究的现状和动向,西安交通大学学报,1994,28(5):34~37
[2]蒋德明,要充分重视内燃机技术在最近所取得的突破性进展,内燃机,1998,3
[3] 黎苏,张志华,王芝秋等,492Q 汽油机非稳定加速工况下的示功图分析,内燃机学报,1999,17(1):43~44
[4] 李志军,刘书亮,林建生等,车用汽油机稀燃及其净化技术,车辆与动力技术,2001,2:59~63
[5] 刘书亮,刘伍权,刘德新,李志军等,四气门发动机稀薄燃烧特性研究,工程热物理学报,2002,4
[6]钱耀义,汽车发动机电子控制系统,机械工业出版社,1999
[7] 李志军,饶里等,车用汽油机排气污染控制技术,小型内燃机,2001,2:24-26
[8]李志军,刘书亮,毕风荣等,用吸附还原与三元催化器组合降低富氧汽油机 NOx 排放, 天津大学学报,2004,9 :765~768
[9]何学良,李疏松编著,内燃机燃烧学,机械工业出版社,1990.5
[10]史绍熙等,柴油机设计手册(下册),中国农业机械出版社,1984,12
[11]史绍熙等,柴油机设计手册(上册),中国农业机械出版社,1984,12
[12] 周龙保,内燃机学,机械工业出版社,2005
[13]Heywood J B. Engine combustion modeling-an overview. Combustion Modeling in Reciprocating Engine. New York: Plenum Press,1980
[14]张维铭,黄震,周校平等,基于 Windows95 的多功能内燃机数据采集分析系统的研究与开发,内燃机工程,1999,4:65~69
[15]郝志勇,舒歌群,薛远等,内燃机气缸压力振动识别研究,内燃机学报,1994,12(1):43~44
[16]李兴虎,蒋德明,沈惠贤,火花点火发动机压力循环变动的评价方法研究,内燃机学报,2000,18(2):171~172
[17]黎苏,汽车发动机非稳定工况下工作过程的理论与试验研究,[博士学位论文],湖南大学,1996
[18]孙亮,Windows NT 平台下内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],湖南大学,2002
[19]林漫群,贾滨,景亚兵等,通用小型汽油机排放催化净化器应用中的关键技术,摩托车技术,2005,8:23～26
[20] 林漫群,高翔,贾滨等,我国通用小型汽油机技术标准现状及发展趋势,摩托车技术,2005,8:51～53
[21]徐澍敏,刘胜吉,188F 通用汽油机降低排放的试验研究,浙江工业大学学报,2006,6:319～322
[22]C.A.Clark,B.J.Challen, Examining High Speed Data during Engine Transients. SAE Paper 920385
[23]吴波,刘建伟,内燃机测量与分析技术的发展,山东内燃机,2000,(1)
[24] 崔海龙,多缸发动机气缸压力采集与燃烧分析系统研究,[硕士学位论文],北京工业大学,2003
[25]李福生, 基于虚拟仪器技术的内燃机缸内燃烧分析系统研究,[硕士学位论文],上海交通大学,2003
[26]朱明善,刘颖,林兆庄等,工程热力学,清华大学出版社,2004
[27]林志轮,内燃机工作过程数值计算,西安交通大学出版社。1985.9:313~315
[28]周长发,科学与工程数值算法(Visual Basic 版),清华大学出版社,2002,278～285
[29]蒋德明,内燃机燃烧与排放学,西安交通大学出版社,2001
[30]高考洪,内燃机工作过程数值计算,国防工业出版社,1986
[31] 王吉华,内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究,内燃机学报,1999,17(4):395~396
[32]刘永长,内燃机热力过程模拟,机械工业出版社,2001
[33]王进强,Visual Basic.NET 基础教程,清华大学出版社,2004
[2]蒋德明,要充分重视内燃机技术在最近所取得的突破性进展,内燃机,1998,3
[3] 黎苏,张志华,王芝秋等,492Q 汽油机非稳定加速工况下的示功图分析,内燃机学报,1999,17(1):43~44
[4] 李志军,刘书亮,林建生等,车用汽油机稀燃及其净化技术,车辆与动力技术,2001,2:59~63
[5] 刘书亮,刘伍权,刘德新,李志军等,四气门发动机稀薄燃烧特性研究,工程热物理学报,2002,4
[6]钱耀义,汽车发动机电子控制系统,机械工业出版社,1999
[7] 李志军,饶里等,车用汽油机排气污染控制技术,小型内燃机,2001,2:24-26
[8]李志军,刘书亮,毕风荣等,用吸附还原与三元催化器组合降低富氧汽油机 NOx 排放, 天津大学学报,2004,9 :765~768
[9]何学良,李疏松编著,内燃机燃烧学,机械工业出版社,1990.5
[10]史绍熙等,柴油机设计手册(下册),中国农业机械出版社,1984,12
[11]史绍熙等,柴油机设计手册(上册),中国农业机械出版社,1984,12
[12] 周龙保,内燃机学,机械工业出版社,2005
[13]Heywood J B. Engine combustion modeling-an overview. Combustion Modeling in Reciprocating Engine. New York: Plenum Press,1980
[14]张维铭,黄震,周校平等,基于 Windows95 的多功能内燃机数据采集分析系统的研究与开发,内燃机工程,1999,4:65~69
[15]郝志勇,舒歌群,薛远等,内燃机气缸压力振动识别研究,内燃机学报,1994,12(1):43~44
[16]李兴虎,蒋德明,沈惠贤,火花点火发动机压力循环变动的评价方法研究,内燃机学报,2000,18(2):171~172
[17]黎苏,汽车发动机非稳定工况下工作过程的理论与试验研究,[博士学位论文],湖南大学,1996
[18]孙亮,Windows NT 平台下内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],湖南大学,2002
[19]林漫群,贾滨,景亚兵等,通用小型汽油机排放催化净化器应用中的关键技术,摩托车技术,2005,8:23～26
[20] 林漫群,高翔,贾滨等,我国通用小型汽油机技术标准现状及发展趋势,摩托车技术,2005,8:51～53
[21]徐澍敏,刘胜吉,188F 通用汽油机降低排放的试验研究,浙江工业大学学报,2006,6:319～322
[22]C.A.Clark,B.J.Challen, Examining High Speed Data during Engine Transients. SAE Paper 920385
[23]吴波,刘建伟,内燃机测量与分析技术的发展,山东内燃机,2000,(1)
[24] 崔海龙,多缸发动机气缸压力采集与燃烧分析系统研究,[硕士学位论文],北京工业大学,2003
[25]李福生, 基于虚拟仪器技术的内燃机缸内燃烧分析系统研究,[硕士学位论文],上海交通大学,2003
[26]朱明善,刘颖,林兆庄等,工程热力学,清华大学出版社,2004
[27]林志轮,内燃机工作过程数值计算,西安交通大学出版社。1985.9:313~315
[28]周长发,科学与工程数值算法(Visual Basic 版),清华大学出版社,2002,278～285
[29]蒋德明,内燃机燃烧与排放学,西安交通大学出版社,2001
[30]高考洪,内燃机工作过程数值计算,国防工业出版社,1986
[31] 王吉华,内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究,内燃机学报,1999,17(4):395~396
[32]刘永长,内燃机热力过程模拟,机械工业出版社,2001
[33]王进强,Visual Basic.NET 基础教程,清华大学出版社,2004