金属氧化物和硫化物一维纳米材料的合成表征和性能研究
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摘要
金属氧化物和硫化物纳米材料因其独特的物理化学性质显示出在催化、传感、光学、磁学和电池等领域广泛的应用前景。制备金属氧化物和硫化物新颖的一维纳米材料、探索其生长机制,进而实现对尺寸、维度及物性的调控,对于深入研究结构与物性的关联、最终实现按照人们的意愿设计合成功能材料具有重要意义。本论文在金属氧化物和硫化物一维纳米结构合成新方法的设计、形成机制及物性等方面进行了系统的探索研究。
利用人工层状结构气相热解制备了WS_2纳米管、W和WO_3纳米线,提出并验证了WS_2纳米管的卷曲形成机制,建立并发展了利用层状结构卷曲形成一维纳米线的新方法。基于MoS_2层状晶体结构和卷曲机制,发展出以MoO_3纳米带与硫直接反应制备MoS_2纳米管和富勒烯结构的简便方法。为一维纳米结构合成与一般形成机制的探索研究提供了新思路。
基于卷曲机制和材料的微观结构特性,设计简单的气相反应制备了MoCO/Mo_2C微米管,MoS_2和WS_2富勒烯/纳米管/纳米花及Te单晶微米管,丰富发展了一维纳米材料的合成方法;系统开展了对MoS_2富勒烯比表面积、WS_2纳米花场发射效应和单根Te管磁阻效应的研究,为这些具有新颖结构特性的材料的优异物理化学性质和应用探索奠定了实验基础。
基于材料晶体结构各向异性取向生长特性,发展了无模板,无催化剂和表面活性剂诱导水热合成MoO_3单晶纳米带和MoS_2纳米结构的方法,并利用沉淀转化反应从金属草酸盐沉淀制备了相应的氢氧化物纳米棒,为无机材料合成方法学的建立进行了有益的探索。开展了Mg~(2+)在纳米层状MoS_2中可逆电化学插层行为的研究,为纳米MoS_2等具有层状结构特性的材料作为安全的Mg~(2+)电池电极材料的可能应用提供了实验依据。
发展了非水体系液相调控合成金属氧化物新颖纳米结构的方法,制备了WO_3空心球和高结晶度、在有机溶剂中单分散的TiO_2纳米颗粒和纳米棒,发展出灵敏度较高的WO_3空心球气敏传感器,观察到了纳米单分散TiO_2光降解有机物的优良性能,展示了新颖纳米结构材料的应用前景。
Owing to unique physical properties, nanostructured metal oxides andsulfides have exhibited promising applications in catalysis, sensing, optics,magnetics and batteries. Preparing novel 1D nanostructures and investigatingtheir general formation mechanism may be a solution to the precise control oftheir sizes, dimensionalities and properties. In this dissertation, systematicexplorations have been carried out on new synthetic strategies of metal oxidesand sulfides, their formation mechanisms and novel properties.
A direct pyrolysis method from artificial lamellar mesostructures to WS_2nanotubes, W and WO_3 nanowires has been developed and MoS_2 nanotubeswere also prepared from a conversion reaction. Based on experimental facts, arolling mechanism, which provided a new viewpoint for the formation of 1Dnanostructures, has been proposed.
Several gas phase reactions were established to prepare MoCO/Mo_2Cmicrotubes, MoS_2 and WS_2 nanotubes, fullerenes, nanoflowers and Temicrotubes. Systematical studies of their BET surface areas, field-emissioneffect and magnetoresistance (MR) effect indicated promising applications ofthese novel materials in catalysis, flat panel displays and MR devices.
Rational hydrothermal reactions have been developed to prepare singlecrystal MoO_3 nanobelts and MoS_2 nanostructures. Nanorods and nanoflakes ofseveral metal hydroxides were prepared with a simple conversion method.Reversible intercalation of Mg~(2+) in MoS_2 nanostructure was demonstrated,suggesting the possibility of using layered nanomaterials as electrodes.
WO_3 hollow spheres and highly crystallized, re-dispersible TiO_2 wereprepared by controlled non-aqueous reactions. WO_3 hollow sphere gas-sensorswere developed and the TiO_2's photodegradation property was observed.
利用人工层状结构气相热解制备了WS_2纳米管、W和WO_3纳米线,提出并验证了WS_2纳米管的卷曲形成机制,建立并发展了利用层状结构卷曲形成一维纳米线的新方法。基于MoS_2层状晶体结构和卷曲机制,发展出以MoO_3纳米带与硫直接反应制备MoS_2纳米管和富勒烯结构的简便方法。为一维纳米结构合成与一般形成机制的探索研究提供了新思路。
基于卷曲机制和材料的微观结构特性,设计简单的气相反应制备了MoCO/Mo_2C微米管,MoS_2和WS_2富勒烯/纳米管/纳米花及Te单晶微米管,丰富发展了一维纳米材料的合成方法;系统开展了对MoS_2富勒烯比表面积、WS_2纳米花场发射效应和单根Te管磁阻效应的研究,为这些具有新颖结构特性的材料的优异物理化学性质和应用探索奠定了实验基础。
基于材料晶体结构各向异性取向生长特性,发展了无模板,无催化剂和表面活性剂诱导水热合成MoO_3单晶纳米带和MoS_2纳米结构的方法,并利用沉淀转化反应从金属草酸盐沉淀制备了相应的氢氧化物纳米棒,为无机材料合成方法学的建立进行了有益的探索。开展了Mg~(2+)在纳米层状MoS_2中可逆电化学插层行为的研究,为纳米MoS_2等具有层状结构特性的材料作为安全的Mg~(2+)电池电极材料的可能应用提供了实验依据。
发展了非水体系液相调控合成金属氧化物新颖纳米结构的方法,制备了WO_3空心球和高结晶度、在有机溶剂中单分散的TiO_2纳米颗粒和纳米棒,发展出灵敏度较高的WO_3空心球气敏传感器,观察到了纳米单分散TiO_2光降解有机物的优良性能,展示了新颖纳米结构材料的应用前景。
Owing to unique physical properties, nanostructured metal oxides andsulfides have exhibited promising applications in catalysis, sensing, optics,magnetics and batteries. Preparing novel 1D nanostructures and investigatingtheir general formation mechanism may be a solution to the precise control oftheir sizes, dimensionalities and properties. In this dissertation, systematicexplorations have been carried out on new synthetic strategies of metal oxidesand sulfides, their formation mechanisms and novel properties.
A direct pyrolysis method from artificial lamellar mesostructures to WS_2nanotubes, W and WO_3 nanowires has been developed and MoS_2 nanotubeswere also prepared from a conversion reaction. Based on experimental facts, arolling mechanism, which provided a new viewpoint for the formation of 1Dnanostructures, has been proposed.
Several gas phase reactions were established to prepare MoCO/Mo_2Cmicrotubes, MoS_2 and WS_2 nanotubes, fullerenes, nanoflowers and Temicrotubes. Systematical studies of their BET surface areas, field-emissioneffect and magnetoresistance (MR) effect indicated promising applications ofthese novel materials in catalysis, flat panel displays and MR devices.
Rational hydrothermal reactions have been developed to prepare singlecrystal MoO_3 nanobelts and MoS_2 nanostructures. Nanorods and nanoflakes ofseveral metal hydroxides were prepared with a simple conversion method.Reversible intercalation of Mg~(2+) in MoS_2 nanostructure was demonstrated,suggesting the possibility of using layered nanomaterials as electrodes.
WO_3 hollow spheres and highly crystallized, re-dispersible TiO_2 wereprepared by controlled non-aqueous reactions. WO_3 hollow sphere gas-sensorswere developed and the TiO_2's photodegradation property was observed.
引文
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