建筑结构最不利设计地震动研究
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摘要
非线性动力时程分析法是目前人们所公认的精确的结构反应分析方法,世界上主要的结构抗震设计规范均已规定对重要的工程结构应采用动力时程分析法作为反应谱法分析结果的补充计算,然而,地震发生机制的复杂性导致地震动的特性表现出高度的不确定性,相同的结构在不同的地震动作用下得到的时程分析结果差异很大。近年来的许多震害表明,某些地震危险性水平较低地区的建筑结构在地震中遭受了大大超过预先设计值的地震作用,在这种极端条件下时,如何选择地震动输入呢?目前国内外的学者和工程设计人员在抗震研究和设计中选择地震动输入时大都只是采用早期记录到的几条地震动记录,如1940年的El Centro地震动记录。虽然各国学者也进行了广泛的研究,但并未取得一致性的认识。本文对大量的地震动记录进行了统计分析,力求找到能反映地震动潜在破坏势的指标参数,并通过其来找出使结构反应处于最危险状态的地震动——最不利设计地震动。
主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:
(1)概述反映地震动潜在破坏势的常用参数并根据研究需要确定本文采用的地震动参数;根据中国规范建立了五个结构模型,通过时程分析研究了各模型的破坏状态,并得到了结构整体破坏指数;
(2)在区别近场速度脉冲型地震动和远场地震动的条件下,对地震动参数与结构整体破坏指数进行相关性分析,得到反映二者潜在破坏势的指标参数;
(3)提出了挑选最不利设计地震动的原则,并利用该原则从地震动记录数据库中找出需要的最不利设计地震动。
The nonlinear dynamic time history analysis is now recognized as the precise analytical method for the structural responses. The most popular seismic design codes in the world have the provision that the time history analysis should be carried out for substantial structures as a supplemental check to the results obtained from the response spectrum method. However, due to the complex mechanism of earthquake, the characteristics of the ground motions display immense uncertainties. As a result, the differences of the responses of the same structure are sometimes very distinct under different ground motion inputs.The recent earthquake investigation have shown that some structures have suffered an earthquake action which has a much larger value than the previously designed one. Hence, how to select ground motion inputs under this extreme state is a big problem. So far, when it comes to the problem of the choice of rational ground motion inputs, researchers and engineers at home and abroad mostly select the inputs which were recorded at the early stages, such as the El Centro ground motion (1940). Although great efforts have been made on this subject, no consistent conclusions have been achieved. On the basis of ground motions that have been collected, this study presents the vast statistical analysis to find out the parameters that can reflect the damage potential of the ground motions, and then the unfavorable ground motions are given.
The main contents of this study consist of the following:
(1) A summary of the parameters that can reflect the damage potential of ground motions is made. Then the seismic parameters that will be used in this study have been selected; Based on the structural models which were established according to the Chinese codes, the damage states of each model are analyzed by the time history analyses and then the overall structure damage indices are obtained.
(2) For the near-fault pulse-like ground motions and far-field ground motions, the correlation analyses between the seismic parameters and the overall structure damage indices are carried out.And the parameters that can characterize the damage potential of each kind of ground motion are found out.
(3) The guideline that can be used to select the ground motions are established, through this formula the most unfavourable design ground motions are determined from the collected database of ground motion records.
主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:
(1)概述反映地震动潜在破坏势的常用参数并根据研究需要确定本文采用的地震动参数;根据中国规范建立了五个结构模型,通过时程分析研究了各模型的破坏状态,并得到了结构整体破坏指数;
(2)在区别近场速度脉冲型地震动和远场地震动的条件下,对地震动参数与结构整体破坏指数进行相关性分析,得到反映二者潜在破坏势的指标参数;
(3)提出了挑选最不利设计地震动的原则,并利用该原则从地震动记录数据库中找出需要的最不利设计地震动。
The nonlinear dynamic time history analysis is now recognized as the precise analytical method for the structural responses. The most popular seismic design codes in the world have the provision that the time history analysis should be carried out for substantial structures as a supplemental check to the results obtained from the response spectrum method. However, due to the complex mechanism of earthquake, the characteristics of the ground motions display immense uncertainties. As a result, the differences of the responses of the same structure are sometimes very distinct under different ground motion inputs.The recent earthquake investigation have shown that some structures have suffered an earthquake action which has a much larger value than the previously designed one. Hence, how to select ground motion inputs under this extreme state is a big problem. So far, when it comes to the problem of the choice of rational ground motion inputs, researchers and engineers at home and abroad mostly select the inputs which were recorded at the early stages, such as the El Centro ground motion (1940). Although great efforts have been made on this subject, no consistent conclusions have been achieved. On the basis of ground motions that have been collected, this study presents the vast statistical analysis to find out the parameters that can reflect the damage potential of the ground motions, and then the unfavorable ground motions are given.
The main contents of this study consist of the following:
(1) A summary of the parameters that can reflect the damage potential of ground motions is made. Then the seismic parameters that will be used in this study have been selected; Based on the structural models which were established according to the Chinese codes, the damage states of each model are analyzed by the time history analyses and then the overall structure damage indices are obtained.
(2) For the near-fault pulse-like ground motions and far-field ground motions, the correlation analyses between the seismic parameters and the overall structure damage indices are carried out.And the parameters that can characterize the damage potential of each kind of ground motion are found out.
(3) The guideline that can be used to select the ground motions are established, through this formula the most unfavourable design ground motions are determined from the collected database of ground motion records.
引文
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3 Jonathan P. Stewart, Shyh-Jeng Chiou, Jonathan D. Bray, Robert W. Graves, Paul G. Somerville, Norman A. Abrahamson. Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance-Based Design. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2002, 22: 765-772.
4翟长海,谢礼立.最不利设计地震动及强度折减系数研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文. 2005.
5 Christine A. Goulet, Curt B. Haselton. Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of A Code-conforming Reinforced-concrete Frame Building—from Seismic Hazard to Collapse Safety and Economic Losses. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 2007, 36: 1973-1997.
6 Luis Cabanas, Belen Benito, Miguel Herraiz. An Approach to the Measurement of the Potential Structural Damage of Earthquake Ground Motion. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1997, 26: 79-92.
7 Haluk Sucuo?lu, Semih Yücemen, Alper Gezer, Altu? Erberik. Statistical Evaluation of the Damage Potential of Earthquake Ground Motions. Structural Safety. 1998, 20: 357-378.
8 Praveen K. Malhotra. Response of Building to Near-fault Pulse-like Ground Motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1999, 28: 1309-1326.
9 Tysh Shang Jan, Ming Wei Liu, Ying Chieh Kao. An Upper-Bound Pushover Analysis Procedure for Estimating the Seismic Demands of High-Rise Buildings. Engineering Structures. 2004, 26: 117-128.
10 Nicos Makris, Cameron J. Black. Evaluation of Peak Ground Velocity as A“Good”Intensity Measure for Near-source Ground Motions. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 2004, 130(9): 1032-1044.
11 Yih-Min Wu, Hiroo Kanamori. Rapid Assessment of Damage Potential of Earthquakes in Taiwan from the Beginning of P Waves. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2005, 95(3): 1181-1185.
12 Paolo Bazzurro, Nicolas Luco. Damage Potential of Near-Source Ground Motion Record. The 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering. October, 2005.
13 Jack W. Baker, C. Allin Cornell. A Vector-valued Ground Motion Intensity Measure
14 Nicolas Luco, M. Eeri, C. Allin Cornell. Sturcture-specific Scalar Intensity Measure for Near-source and Ordinary Earthquake Ground Motions. Earthquake Spectra. 2007, 23(2): 357-392.
15 I. Iervolino, M. Giorgo, C. Galasso, G.. Manfredi. Prediction Relationships for A Vector-valued Ground Motion Intensity Measure Accounting for Cumulative Damage Potential. The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
16 Ahmet Yakut, Hazim Yilmaz. Correlation of Deformation Demands with Ground Motion Intensity. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2008, 134(12): 1818-1828.
17翟长海,谢礼立.估计和比较地震动潜在破坏势的综合评述.地震工程与工程振动. 2002, 22(5): 1-7.
18 Yih-Min Wu, Ta-liang Teng, Tzay-Chyn Shin, Nai-Chi Hsiao. Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Intensity in Taiwan. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2003, 93(1): 386-396
19郝敏,谢礼立,李伟.从集集地震看建筑物震害与地震动参数的关系.地震工程与工程振动. 2005, 25(6): 12-15.3
20关国雄,夏敬谦.钢筋混凝土框架砖填充墙结构的抗震性能的研究.地震工程与工程振动. 1996,16(l):87-99
21李爽,谢礼立,郝敏.地震动参数及结构整体破坏指数相关性研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2007, 39(4): 505-509.3
22郝敏,谢礼立.地震动潜在破坏矩阵研究.清华大学学报(自然科学版). 2008, 48(3): 321-324.
23 Dixiong Yang, Jianwei Pan, Gang Li. Non-structure-specific Intensity Measure Parameters and Characteristic Period of Near-fault Ground Motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 2009, 38: 1257-1280.
24叶列平,马千里,缪志伟.结构抗震分析用地震动强度指标的研究.地震工程与结构振动. 2009, 29(4): 9-22.
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28 Li Hyung Lee, Hyun Ho Lee, Sang Whan Han. Method of Selecting DesignEarthquake Ground Motions For Tall Buildings. The Structural Design of Tall Buildings. 2000, 9: 201-213.
29 Jack W. Baker, C. Allin Cornell. A Vector-valued Ground Motion Intensity Measure Consisting of Spectral Acceleration and Epsilon. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 2005, 34: 1193-1217.
30 Polsak Tothong, C. Allin Cornell. Structural Performance Assessment Under Near-source Pulse-like Ground Motions Using Advanced Ground Motion Intensity Measures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 2008, 37: 1013-1037.
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2中华人民共和国行业标准.建筑混凝土结构技术规程.中国建筑资讯网. 2002:10.
3 Jonathan P. Stewart, Shyh-Jeng Chiou, Jonathan D. Bray, Robert W. Graves, Paul G. Somerville, Norman A. Abrahamson. Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance-Based Design. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2002, 22: 765-772.
4翟长海,谢礼立.最不利设计地震动及强度折减系数研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文. 2005.
5 Christine A. Goulet, Curt B. Haselton. Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of A Code-conforming Reinforced-concrete Frame Building—from Seismic Hazard to Collapse Safety and Economic Losses. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 2007, 36: 1973-1997.
6 Luis Cabanas, Belen Benito, Miguel Herraiz. An Approach to the Measurement of the Potential Structural Damage of Earthquake Ground Motion. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1997, 26: 79-92.
7 Haluk Sucuo?lu, Semih Yücemen, Alper Gezer, Altu? Erberik. Statistical Evaluation of the Damage Potential of Earthquake Ground Motions. Structural Safety. 1998, 20: 357-378.
8 Praveen K. Malhotra. Response of Building to Near-fault Pulse-like Ground Motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 1999, 28: 1309-1326.
9 Tysh Shang Jan, Ming Wei Liu, Ying Chieh Kao. An Upper-Bound Pushover Analysis Procedure for Estimating the Seismic Demands of High-Rise Buildings. Engineering Structures. 2004, 26: 117-128.
10 Nicos Makris, Cameron J. Black. Evaluation of Peak Ground Velocity as A“Good”Intensity Measure for Near-source Ground Motions. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 2004, 130(9): 1032-1044.
11 Yih-Min Wu, Hiroo Kanamori. Rapid Assessment of Damage Potential of Earthquakes in Taiwan from the Beginning of P Waves. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2005, 95(3): 1181-1185.
12 Paolo Bazzurro, Nicolas Luco. Damage Potential of Near-Source Ground Motion Record. The 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering. October, 2005.
13 Jack W. Baker, C. Allin Cornell. A Vector-valued Ground Motion Intensity Measure
14 Nicolas Luco, M. Eeri, C. Allin Cornell. Sturcture-specific Scalar Intensity Measure for Near-source and Ordinary Earthquake Ground Motions. Earthquake Spectra. 2007, 23(2): 357-392.
15 I. Iervolino, M. Giorgo, C. Galasso, G.. Manfredi. Prediction Relationships for A Vector-valued Ground Motion Intensity Measure Accounting for Cumulative Damage Potential. The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
16 Ahmet Yakut, Hazim Yilmaz. Correlation of Deformation Demands with Ground Motion Intensity. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2008, 134(12): 1818-1828.
17翟长海,谢礼立.估计和比较地震动潜在破坏势的综合评述.地震工程与工程振动. 2002, 22(5): 1-7.
18 Yih-Min Wu, Ta-liang Teng, Tzay-Chyn Shin, Nai-Chi Hsiao. Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Intensity in Taiwan. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2003, 93(1): 386-396
19郝敏,谢礼立,李伟.从集集地震看建筑物震害与地震动参数的关系.地震工程与工程振动. 2005, 25(6): 12-15.3
20关国雄,夏敬谦.钢筋混凝土框架砖填充墙结构的抗震性能的研究.地震工程与工程振动. 1996,16(l):87-99
21李爽,谢礼立,郝敏.地震动参数及结构整体破坏指数相关性研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2007, 39(4): 505-509.3
22郝敏,谢礼立.地震动潜在破坏矩阵研究.清华大学学报(自然科学版). 2008, 48(3): 321-324.
23 Dixiong Yang, Jianwei Pan, Gang Li. Non-structure-specific Intensity Measure Parameters and Characteristic Period of Near-fault Ground Motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 2009, 38: 1257-1280.
24叶列平,马千里,缪志伟.结构抗震分析用地震动强度指标的研究.地震工程与结构振动. 2009, 29(4): 9-22.
25 Uniform Building Code. International Conference of Building official, Whittier. 1997: 1234-1253.
26 Eurocode 8, Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Structure. ENV 1998-1, CEN, Brussel. 1994: 854-876.
27 Rudolf F. Drenick. Model-free design of aseismic structures. J. Eng. Mech. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1970, 96(4). 483-493.
28 Li Hyung Lee, Hyun Ho Lee, Sang Whan Han. Method of Selecting DesignEarthquake Ground Motions For Tall Buildings. The Structural Design of Tall Buildings. 2000, 9: 201-213.
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