卧式螺旋滚扫型清雪车结构与性能优化研究
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摘要
本文依托吉林大学与沈阳山河工程机械厂合作的“多功能清雪车”研发项目,主要针对螺旋滚扫清雪属具进行研究。将螺旋滚刷的结构参数及工艺参数之间的匹配关系进行分析。对螺旋滚扫属具刷毛排布规律进行了说明,并对主要的几何排布参数进行了确定。对滚刷作业功耗进行了拆分研究。同时分析了单根刷毛作业时迎雪面积的变化规律、单根刷毛作业时所受到的切向力大小、触雪区域积雪厚度变化规律等,进而求得了螺旋滚刷所受的切向力和轴向力,为螺旋滚刷清雪作业过程中所损耗的总功率及转动阻力矩的分析研究奠定了基础。论文最后对螺旋滚扫属具的积雪输送率和损耗功率进行数值分析,确定了滚刷的螺旋升角为优化变量。以螺旋滚扫属具功耗最小、清雪效率最高为目标函数;以避免“轴向推雪不到位”、刷毛转角Δβ旋转区间、螺旋升角α的限定区间为约束条件,对螺旋滚扫属具的结构参数──螺旋升角α进行优化,对螺旋滚扫型清雪车的改进提供了一定的理论参考。
Followed the rapid development of the society and the national economic development, the speed of the high way and higher road is demanded more and more effective which mainly provides basic condition for the traffic and convenience. However, once the winter comes, the thick snow brings more troubles for the traffic and people’s daily life and event affects the speed of vehicles and safety for traffic. To clear the thick snow in time on the road is an important task in maintaining road in winter, the year 2008, the southern cities in our country all suffered from the disaster of snow which never appeared in recent 60 years and it caused great lost for the production, life and social economic. Therefore, we really need the effective kinds of clear-snow machines. To develop the clear-snow machine has become the centre of the relevant aspects.
This essay mainly bases on the research project“multi-functional clear-snow car”which is carried out by the co-operation through JiLin University Mechanic College and Shenyang Shanhe Projective Mechanical firm. The research focused on the central machine ZL50B which is multi-functional clear-snow tool characterized by scrolled rolling equipment structure and function. The rolling stylistic clear-snow equipment has low damage for the surface of road for its soft brush component compared with other equipment. After working, there is little obvious polish mark and other scratching mark. Meanwhile, the equipment has the characteristic of low sound, adaptability good shape of creative road surface and effective clearness rate. In addition, the rolling-style equipment is used widely than other similar equipment in its operating set, which can clear snow and sweep road both in winter and summer and saved the cost of environmental and maintaining road department’s. The rolling-style clear-snow equipment does not demand so serious for the newly fallen snow and has strong advantage of the rest snow which is stick to road surface, which is an important clear-snow equipment and also a kind of clear-snow machine which is worth studying by research development. This essay mainly concludes the following contents:
(1) Combined with‘multi-functional clear-snow car”project, it mainly illustrates the way of scrolled rolling sweeping equipment, which introduces the structure and working theory and also explains the material of the brush. At last, it adopts the nylon as the brush material. It analyzes a few factors which affects the sweeping effectiveness. It is mainly divided into the inner factor of the brush and outer world environmental factor, which also has the definitive function for the following research.
(2) It also illustrates the routine of brush of the scrolling sweep tool and give the exact scatter of the algometric parameter. It deduces the mutual relationship among the rolling speed N, the radium R, the infinitive quantity h and speed, which also checks the rolling speed n which avoids ineffectiveness of pushing snow and considers the anti power of the road surface opposed to brush concluding the running speed of the rolling brush under the condition of existing rolling brush. At the same time in order to make the study have universal adoptions it designs the definite stored corner and analyzed the effectiveness of sweeping snow by different storing corner.
(3) It has separate study of the rolling brush power consumer which is mainly divided into the following ways: the power is consumed by dynamic of brush and surface light snow; the power between rolling brush against the road surface; the cost deformed brush softness power and the obstacle power created by the air. When it analyzes the consumed power created by the rolling brush and the surface light snow, it makes the hard suppose of the brush, which supposes there is the relative interaction existed between brush and surface light snow and there is no pressure deform. It analyzes the changed discipline of single brush when it work against the faced area of snow and the strength created by the separate brush working suffered form the facing power. Because of the interactive character of the rolling brush, the thick of touching area with snow is not a set value which has the function according to the each rolling brush suffered form the synchronic power and central power. Finally, it achieves total power of the consumed power during the working of scrolling brush. At the final part of the essay, it explores the rolling resistance power of the rolling brush which includes the resistance created by relative interaction against the smashing power.
(4) Through the value analysis of the sweeping snow effectiveness of rolling sweeping machine tool and the consumed power, we get the degree of the affection of the consume of the power and effectiveness of each structural parameter. And it further get the advantage change factor of the definite scrolling rolling elevated angle; which owns the character of the least consumed power, the highest effective parameter, which can avoid the ineffective of pushing snow, the changing area of rolling angle of brushΔβ, the helix angleα’s limited area as the limitation condition, the elevation of the structural parameter of the tool. The result is the helix angleα= 39.5°.
Followed the rapid development of the society and the national economic development, the speed of the high way and higher road is demanded more and more effective which mainly provides basic condition for the traffic and convenience. However, once the winter comes, the thick snow brings more troubles for the traffic and people’s daily life and event affects the speed of vehicles and safety for traffic. To clear the thick snow in time on the road is an important task in maintaining road in winter, the year 2008, the southern cities in our country all suffered from the disaster of snow which never appeared in recent 60 years and it caused great lost for the production, life and social economic. Therefore, we really need the effective kinds of clear-snow machines. To develop the clear-snow machine has become the centre of the relevant aspects.
This essay mainly bases on the research project“multi-functional clear-snow car”which is carried out by the co-operation through JiLin University Mechanic College and Shenyang Shanhe Projective Mechanical firm. The research focused on the central machine ZL50B which is multi-functional clear-snow tool characterized by scrolled rolling equipment structure and function. The rolling stylistic clear-snow equipment has low damage for the surface of road for its soft brush component compared with other equipment. After working, there is little obvious polish mark and other scratching mark. Meanwhile, the equipment has the characteristic of low sound, adaptability good shape of creative road surface and effective clearness rate. In addition, the rolling-style equipment is used widely than other similar equipment in its operating set, which can clear snow and sweep road both in winter and summer and saved the cost of environmental and maintaining road department’s. The rolling-style clear-snow equipment does not demand so serious for the newly fallen snow and has strong advantage of the rest snow which is stick to road surface, which is an important clear-snow equipment and also a kind of clear-snow machine which is worth studying by research development. This essay mainly concludes the following contents:
(1) Combined with‘multi-functional clear-snow car”project, it mainly illustrates the way of scrolled rolling sweeping equipment, which introduces the structure and working theory and also explains the material of the brush. At last, it adopts the nylon as the brush material. It analyzes a few factors which affects the sweeping effectiveness. It is mainly divided into the inner factor of the brush and outer world environmental factor, which also has the definitive function for the following research.
(2) It also illustrates the routine of brush of the scrolling sweep tool and give the exact scatter of the algometric parameter. It deduces the mutual relationship among the rolling speed N, the radium R, the infinitive quantity h and speed, which also checks the rolling speed n which avoids ineffectiveness of pushing snow and considers the anti power of the road surface opposed to brush concluding the running speed of the rolling brush under the condition of existing rolling brush. At the same time in order to make the study have universal adoptions it designs the definite stored corner and analyzed the effectiveness of sweeping snow by different storing corner.
(3) It has separate study of the rolling brush power consumer which is mainly divided into the following ways: the power is consumed by dynamic of brush and surface light snow; the power between rolling brush against the road surface; the cost deformed brush softness power and the obstacle power created by the air. When it analyzes the consumed power created by the rolling brush and the surface light snow, it makes the hard suppose of the brush, which supposes there is the relative interaction existed between brush and surface light snow and there is no pressure deform. It analyzes the changed discipline of single brush when it work against the faced area of snow and the strength created by the separate brush working suffered form the facing power. Because of the interactive character of the rolling brush, the thick of touching area with snow is not a set value which has the function according to the each rolling brush suffered form the synchronic power and central power. Finally, it achieves total power of the consumed power during the working of scrolling brush. At the final part of the essay, it explores the rolling resistance power of the rolling brush which includes the resistance created by relative interaction against the smashing power.
(4) Through the value analysis of the sweeping snow effectiveness of rolling sweeping machine tool and the consumed power, we get the degree of the affection of the consume of the power and effectiveness of each structural parameter. And it further get the advantage change factor of the definite scrolling rolling elevated angle; which owns the character of the least consumed power, the highest effective parameter, which can avoid the ineffective of pushing snow, the changing area of rolling angle of brushΔβ, the helix angleα’s limited area as the limitation condition, the elevation of the structural parameter of the tool. The result is the helix angleα= 39.5°.
引文
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