从小说对话翻译看翻译的主体间性
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摘要
近年来,主体间性已成为翻译研究中的热门话题。本文试图将主体间性的理论应用于一个具体的翻译活动—小说对话翻译。
本文除了引言和结论部分,共分为三章。引言部分介绍了作者选择这一主题的意图和文章的基本框架。
第一章简要回顾了西方哲学中的主体间性理论。众所周知,主体间性首先由胡塞尔在现象学中提出,并在海德格尔的存在主义和迦达默尔的哲学阐释学中得到发展,最后在哈贝马斯的交往行动理论中更趋完善。主体间性的发展经历了三个不同的阶段,其侧重点亦有所不同。人们往往将其表述为胡塞尔现象学中的认识论主体间性,海德格尔存在主义和迦达默尔哲学阐释学的本体论主体间性和哈贝马斯交往行动理论的社会性主体间性。
第二章试图将哲学中的主体间性理论应用到翻译研究中去。通过对翻译研究的历史进行考察,我们不难发现翻译研究中有三大范式,且每一种范式的研究方向都是从一个中心转向另一个中心。研究者关注的焦点是翻译中的某一个主体要素。在主体间性理论的烛照下,我们可以将翻译的主体定义为译者,作者,读者和文中的人物。主体间性表示相互关联的各主体之间的相互交流和影响,并且承认每一个主体自身的主体性。在这个基础上,可以将主体间的相互作用和对话放在一个具体的翻译活动—小说对话翻译中进行考察。
第三章研究了主体间性在小说对话翻译中的体现。小说对话往往被定义为人物之间的对话和人物的独白这样两种类型。通过对以往的小说对话翻译的研究,可以发现其中的不少理论从各个不同的角度考察了小说对话翻译,但都不够系统,全面。然而在主体间性理论的指导下,我们则可以将小说对话翻译的主体定义为译者,作者,读者和对话中的人物。在理解了谁是小说对话翻译的主体后,我们就能进一步地研究各个主体间的相互作用和对话。通过小说对话以及翻译小说对话特点的研究,可以得出这样的结论,即译者主体和作者主体的主体间性,译者主体和读者主体以及译者主体和文中人物主体的主体间性均可在具体人物之间的对话和人物的独白这两种对话类型的翻译中得到体现。
结论部分指出主体间性是主体性的必要补充,翻译中的所有主体都处于平等的地位,不过分强调某一个主体。主体间性与主体性相互关联,相互依存,主体间性的哲学理论将帮助小说对话翻译研究有坚实的哲学基础和全面的视角。因此,我们完全有理由期待主体间性理论能够运用到翻译研究的各个分支中去,从而使我们的翻译研究更加深刻和更具有理性。
In recent years, the intersubjectivity has become a heated topic for discussion in translation studies. This thesis attempts to discuss the specific translation activity—fictional dialogue translation from the abstract philosophical theory of intersubjectivity.
The thesis consists of three chapters in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction briefly presents the purpose and significance of this thesis, then methods of research and structure of the thesis.
Chapter 1 reviews the theory of intersubjectivity in the western philosophy. As is well known, intersubjectivity was initiated and put forward by Husserl in Phenomenology and further driven by Heidegger’s Existentialism, Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics and at last went to Habermas’Theory of Communicative Action. The development of intersubjectivity experiences three different stages with their emphasis accordingly, which are the epistemological intersubjectivity from Husserl’s Phenomenology, the ontological intersubjectivity from the perspective of Heidegger’existentialism and especially Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, and the sociological intersubjectivity from Habermas’Theory of Communicative Action.
Chapter 2 applies the philosophical theory of intersubjectivity to the translation studies. As probing into the history of the translation studies, we can find that the translation studies have experienced three paradigms which developed from one center to another, focusing on only one translation subject whose status is always over-emphasized in the respective paradigm.
However, with the help of the theory of intersubjectivity, we can define the subjects of the translation as the translator, the author, the reader and the characters in the text. The intersubjectivity indicates the relationships and communications among inter-related subjects, permitting the subjective functions of these subjects comprehensively. Therefore, the interaction and equal dialogue between the subjects can be further studied in a case study, which is the fictional dialogue translation.
Chapter 3 deals with the fictional dialogue translation from the perspective of intersubjectivity. By defining the fictional dialogue as the dialogue between the characters and the characters’monologue, the research of the intersubjectivity in fictional dialogue translation is constrained in the two different types. Through the analysis of the earlier studies of the fictional dialogue translation, different theories were in the platform but failed to research it in a systematic and overall perspective. According to the theory of intersubjectivity, the subjects in the fictional dialogue translation could also be defined as the translator, the author, the reader and the characters in the texts. With the understanding of what is the subject in the fictional dialogue translation, we can go further to probe into the interaction and equal dialogue among all the subjects. With the help of the characteristics of the fictional dialogue and the translation of fictional dialogue, the intersubjectivity between the translator and the author, the intersubjectivity between the translator and the reader, and the intersubjectivity between the translator and the characters in the fictional dialogue are examined in detail in the two types of fictional dialogue.
The conclusion points out that intersubjectivity is the complement to subjectivity, and all the subjects in translation are at the equal position without overemphasizing each of them. Intersubjectivity and subjectivity are interrelated and inter-dependent with each other. The philosophical theory of“intersubjectivity”, which is introduced to the fictional dialogue translation, may help the studies of fictional dialogue translation having a philosophical basis and an all-around angle. Therefore, we can have the sufficient reason to expect that the theory of intersubjectivity can explain all the sub branches in translation studies and make our translation studies more profound and rational.
本文除了引言和结论部分,共分为三章。引言部分介绍了作者选择这一主题的意图和文章的基本框架。
第一章简要回顾了西方哲学中的主体间性理论。众所周知,主体间性首先由胡塞尔在现象学中提出,并在海德格尔的存在主义和迦达默尔的哲学阐释学中得到发展,最后在哈贝马斯的交往行动理论中更趋完善。主体间性的发展经历了三个不同的阶段,其侧重点亦有所不同。人们往往将其表述为胡塞尔现象学中的认识论主体间性,海德格尔存在主义和迦达默尔哲学阐释学的本体论主体间性和哈贝马斯交往行动理论的社会性主体间性。
第二章试图将哲学中的主体间性理论应用到翻译研究中去。通过对翻译研究的历史进行考察,我们不难发现翻译研究中有三大范式,且每一种范式的研究方向都是从一个中心转向另一个中心。研究者关注的焦点是翻译中的某一个主体要素。在主体间性理论的烛照下,我们可以将翻译的主体定义为译者,作者,读者和文中的人物。主体间性表示相互关联的各主体之间的相互交流和影响,并且承认每一个主体自身的主体性。在这个基础上,可以将主体间的相互作用和对话放在一个具体的翻译活动—小说对话翻译中进行考察。
第三章研究了主体间性在小说对话翻译中的体现。小说对话往往被定义为人物之间的对话和人物的独白这样两种类型。通过对以往的小说对话翻译的研究,可以发现其中的不少理论从各个不同的角度考察了小说对话翻译,但都不够系统,全面。然而在主体间性理论的指导下,我们则可以将小说对话翻译的主体定义为译者,作者,读者和对话中的人物。在理解了谁是小说对话翻译的主体后,我们就能进一步地研究各个主体间的相互作用和对话。通过小说对话以及翻译小说对话特点的研究,可以得出这样的结论,即译者主体和作者主体的主体间性,译者主体和读者主体以及译者主体和文中人物主体的主体间性均可在具体人物之间的对话和人物的独白这两种对话类型的翻译中得到体现。
结论部分指出主体间性是主体性的必要补充,翻译中的所有主体都处于平等的地位,不过分强调某一个主体。主体间性与主体性相互关联,相互依存,主体间性的哲学理论将帮助小说对话翻译研究有坚实的哲学基础和全面的视角。因此,我们完全有理由期待主体间性理论能够运用到翻译研究的各个分支中去,从而使我们的翻译研究更加深刻和更具有理性。
In recent years, the intersubjectivity has become a heated topic for discussion in translation studies. This thesis attempts to discuss the specific translation activity—fictional dialogue translation from the abstract philosophical theory of intersubjectivity.
The thesis consists of three chapters in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction briefly presents the purpose and significance of this thesis, then methods of research and structure of the thesis.
Chapter 1 reviews the theory of intersubjectivity in the western philosophy. As is well known, intersubjectivity was initiated and put forward by Husserl in Phenomenology and further driven by Heidegger’s Existentialism, Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics and at last went to Habermas’Theory of Communicative Action. The development of intersubjectivity experiences three different stages with their emphasis accordingly, which are the epistemological intersubjectivity from Husserl’s Phenomenology, the ontological intersubjectivity from the perspective of Heidegger’existentialism and especially Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, and the sociological intersubjectivity from Habermas’Theory of Communicative Action.
Chapter 2 applies the philosophical theory of intersubjectivity to the translation studies. As probing into the history of the translation studies, we can find that the translation studies have experienced three paradigms which developed from one center to another, focusing on only one translation subject whose status is always over-emphasized in the respective paradigm.
However, with the help of the theory of intersubjectivity, we can define the subjects of the translation as the translator, the author, the reader and the characters in the text. The intersubjectivity indicates the relationships and communications among inter-related subjects, permitting the subjective functions of these subjects comprehensively. Therefore, the interaction and equal dialogue between the subjects can be further studied in a case study, which is the fictional dialogue translation.
Chapter 3 deals with the fictional dialogue translation from the perspective of intersubjectivity. By defining the fictional dialogue as the dialogue between the characters and the characters’monologue, the research of the intersubjectivity in fictional dialogue translation is constrained in the two different types. Through the analysis of the earlier studies of the fictional dialogue translation, different theories were in the platform but failed to research it in a systematic and overall perspective. According to the theory of intersubjectivity, the subjects in the fictional dialogue translation could also be defined as the translator, the author, the reader and the characters in the texts. With the understanding of what is the subject in the fictional dialogue translation, we can go further to probe into the interaction and equal dialogue among all the subjects. With the help of the characteristics of the fictional dialogue and the translation of fictional dialogue, the intersubjectivity between the translator and the author, the intersubjectivity between the translator and the reader, and the intersubjectivity between the translator and the characters in the fictional dialogue are examined in detail in the two types of fictional dialogue.
The conclusion points out that intersubjectivity is the complement to subjectivity, and all the subjects in translation are at the equal position without overemphasizing each of them. Intersubjectivity and subjectivity are interrelated and inter-dependent with each other. The philosophical theory of“intersubjectivity”, which is introduced to the fictional dialogue translation, may help the studies of fictional dialogue translation having a philosophical basis and an all-around angle. Therefore, we can have the sufficient reason to expect that the theory of intersubjectivity can explain all the sub branches in translation studies and make our translation studies more profound and rational.
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Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin, Tex: University of Texas Press, 1981
Baldick, Chris. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 2000
Bassnett, Susan & Lefevere, Andre (eds). Translation, History and Culture. London: Pinter, 1990
- - -.Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 2001(1998)
Bassnett, Susan. Translation Studies (Third Edition). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 2004(1980/1991/2002)
Bell, Roger T. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001
Dallmayr, Fred Reinhard. Twilight of Subjectivity: Contributions to a Post-Individualist Theory of Politics. United States: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1981
Gadamer, H. Truth and Method. Beijing, China Social Sciences publishing houses. 1999
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Gentzler, Edwin. Contemporary Translation Theories (Revised Second Edition). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 2004(2001)
Grady, Hugh H.& Wells, Susan. Toward a Rhetoric of Intersubjectivity: Introducing Jürgen Habermas. A Journal of Composition Theory, 2002, Vol.6.
Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson. SCM Press Ltd, 1999
Hermans, Theo. Translation in Systems: Descriptive and System-oriented Approaches Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 2004(1999)
Holub, Robert C. Reception Theory: A Critical Introduction. London & New York: Methuen, 1984
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Jane, Austin. Pride and Prejudice. 西安: 世界图书出版公司, 2001
Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1999
Leech, G. N. & Short, M. H. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Intriduction to English Fiction Prose. Beijing: Forign Language Teaching and Researching Press, 2001
Lefevere, Andre(ed.). Translation/ History/ Culture:--A Sourcebook. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign language Education press, 2004(1992a)
- - -.Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education press, 2004(1992b)
Mundy, Jeremy. Introducing Translating Studies: Theories and Applications . London and New York: Routledge, 2001
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