农村生态环境保护法制问题研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展,我国农村环境污染和生态破坏等环境问题日益突出,严重影响了社会主义新农村“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”这一建设目标的实现,阻碍了城乡和农村社会经济的协调发展。随着对环境问题认识的深入,人们开始反思自己的所作所为,在经济效益、社会效益和环境效益中进行着小心翼翼的搏弈。笔者认为,要解决环境问题,人类必须走与自然和谐相处的可持续发展道路,加强农村生态环境保护法制建设是重中之重。
到目前为止,我国已制定了众多的生态环境保护法律、法规,但没有形成科学、完备的生态环境法律体系,特别是在农村生态环境保护方面,虽然国家政策中涉及到此类问题,但法律制度上还属于一个空白。为此,作者利用环境法生态学方法、环境法经济学方法、环境法社会学方法、环境法比较分析方法等研究方法,针对我国农村生态环境保护中存在的主要问题,从造成农村生态环境恶化的法律制度原因包括人口制度不科学,农村人口增长过快、人口素质低,经济制度不合理、发展理念错位、片面追求经济效益、忽视生态环境效益,农村生态环保法制不完善、法规体系不健全、生态环境执法不严格、法律监督缺乏力度,环境教育制度落后,农民的公共环保意识欠缺等切入分析,在对现行以《中华人民共和国环境保护法》为核心的环境保护法律法规系统研究的基础上,结合国际环境保护法制的发展趋向,提出建立农村生态环境保护制度的必要性和可行性,从政府层面和公众层面,对农村生态环境保护制度进行构思和设计。努力探索一条适合我国农村实际情况的生态环境保护道路,期望对构建资源节约型、环境友好型的社会主义新农村有所裨益。
With the economic development,the environmental pollution and eco-system breakage of countryside in China had increased prominently. So it seriously affected the realization of new socialist countryside featured with“the production development, the life ample, the local custom civilization, the village accommodates, the management democracy neatly”, and hampered the coordinative development of society and economy in urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, with the better understanding of the environmental issues, people began to contemplate their own actions and stepped forward carefully in the economic, social and environmental benefits. The author believed that the harmonious coexistence between human and nature was the only way to solve the environment problem, and the enforcement of Rural Environmental Protection Laws construction was the most important problem to solve.
Up to now, although so many ecological environmental protection laws had already been constituted, there was still no scientific and perfect eco-environmental legal system. A lot of national policies, especially in the field of rural eco-environmental protection, also had focused on such problems, but it was still a blank in the legal system. This paper has used many research methods of environmental law such as Environmental Law Ecology Method, Environmental Law Economic Method, Environmental Law Sociology Method, Environmental Law Comparative and Analysis Method, interview, etc. Therefore, based on the research of the current environmental protection laws and regulations which regarded the " Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China " as their core,and integrated it with the international development trend of the environmental protection law, and also based on the current status of China's rural environmental problems, the paper analyzed the reasons for the legal system, such as the unscientific population system, the rapid increase of rural population and the low population quality; the unreasonable economic system, the irrational development concept embodied in the phenomena of unilaterally purchasing the economic benefit at the cost of ignoring the ecological environmental protection; the imperfect rural ecological environmental protection legal system, the incomplete statute system, the lax ecological environmental law enforcement and the lack of powerful legal supervision; the drawback of environmental education system, the deficiency of farmers’public environmental protection awareness and so on. All these reasons led to the deterioration of the ecological environment in rural areas. So the necessity and feasibility of construction of the rural ecological environmental protection system were proposed in this dissertation. Besides, the ecological environmental protection system in our country’rural areas was conceived and designed at the level of the government and the public. The main purpose of the dissertation was to strive to offer an idea for the protection of the ecological environment which was suitable for the current situation in rural areas in China and it is also expected to benefit the establishment of an environment-friendly new socialist rural area.
到目前为止,我国已制定了众多的生态环境保护法律、法规,但没有形成科学、完备的生态环境法律体系,特别是在农村生态环境保护方面,虽然国家政策中涉及到此类问题,但法律制度上还属于一个空白。为此,作者利用环境法生态学方法、环境法经济学方法、环境法社会学方法、环境法比较分析方法等研究方法,针对我国农村生态环境保护中存在的主要问题,从造成农村生态环境恶化的法律制度原因包括人口制度不科学,农村人口增长过快、人口素质低,经济制度不合理、发展理念错位、片面追求经济效益、忽视生态环境效益,农村生态环保法制不完善、法规体系不健全、生态环境执法不严格、法律监督缺乏力度,环境教育制度落后,农民的公共环保意识欠缺等切入分析,在对现行以《中华人民共和国环境保护法》为核心的环境保护法律法规系统研究的基础上,结合国际环境保护法制的发展趋向,提出建立农村生态环境保护制度的必要性和可行性,从政府层面和公众层面,对农村生态环境保护制度进行构思和设计。努力探索一条适合我国农村实际情况的生态环境保护道路,期望对构建资源节约型、环境友好型的社会主义新农村有所裨益。
With the economic development,the environmental pollution and eco-system breakage of countryside in China had increased prominently. So it seriously affected the realization of new socialist countryside featured with“the production development, the life ample, the local custom civilization, the village accommodates, the management democracy neatly”, and hampered the coordinative development of society and economy in urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, with the better understanding of the environmental issues, people began to contemplate their own actions and stepped forward carefully in the economic, social and environmental benefits. The author believed that the harmonious coexistence between human and nature was the only way to solve the environment problem, and the enforcement of Rural Environmental Protection Laws construction was the most important problem to solve.
Up to now, although so many ecological environmental protection laws had already been constituted, there was still no scientific and perfect eco-environmental legal system. A lot of national policies, especially in the field of rural eco-environmental protection, also had focused on such problems, but it was still a blank in the legal system. This paper has used many research methods of environmental law such as Environmental Law Ecology Method, Environmental Law Economic Method, Environmental Law Sociology Method, Environmental Law Comparative and Analysis Method, interview, etc. Therefore, based on the research of the current environmental protection laws and regulations which regarded the " Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China " as their core,and integrated it with the international development trend of the environmental protection law, and also based on the current status of China's rural environmental problems, the paper analyzed the reasons for the legal system, such as the unscientific population system, the rapid increase of rural population and the low population quality; the unreasonable economic system, the irrational development concept embodied in the phenomena of unilaterally purchasing the economic benefit at the cost of ignoring the ecological environmental protection; the imperfect rural ecological environmental protection legal system, the incomplete statute system, the lax ecological environmental law enforcement and the lack of powerful legal supervision; the drawback of environmental education system, the deficiency of farmers’public environmental protection awareness and so on. All these reasons led to the deterioration of the ecological environment in rural areas. So the necessity and feasibility of construction of the rural ecological environmental protection system were proposed in this dissertation. Besides, the ecological environmental protection system in our country’rural areas was conceived and designed at the level of the government and the public. The main purpose of the dissertation was to strive to offer an idea for the protection of the ecological environment which was suitable for the current situation in rural areas in China and it is also expected to benefit the establishment of an environment-friendly new socialist rural area.
引文
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