苗期不同光周期处理对有棱丝瓜花性分化的影响
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摘要
本研究以皇冠一号和夏丝一号两个有棱丝瓜品种为材料,在苗期用四个不同光周期[昼/夜分别为6h/18h、8h/16h、10h/14h和CK(约14h/10h)]进行处理,并测定期间的相关生理指标变化,研究不同光周期处理对有棱丝瓜花性分化和产量的影响,确定其最适光照日长。结论如下:
1、与CK相比,短日处理能使第一雌花发生时间提早10天左右,并使发生节位降低10-20节,使第一雄花发生时间提早6-10天,节位降低2-3节。
2、与CK相比,两品种的10h处理的雌花数均增加,6h和8h处理的雌花数均减少;短日处理减少皇冠一号的雄花数,而增加夏丝一号雄花数;10h处理增加两品种的雌雄花比率。
3、与CK相比,10h处理,皇冠一号和夏丝一号分别增产14.84%和1949%;6h和8h处理,皇冠一号分别减产14.10%和9.63%,夏丝一号分别减产20.38%和12.05%。
4、在不同光周期处理下,两个有棱丝瓜品种真叶内游离氨基酸含量的变化呈整体下降趋势,处理间差异不显著;根据激素动态平衡假说和内源激素测定,结果表明:GA_3有促雄效果;高乙烯释放率有促雌效果;低含量的ZRs、IAA有利于花性分化;ABA前期出现峰值,后期保持较低水平有利于有棱丝瓜花性分化;ABA/GA_3和GA_3/IAA比值增大,适当的ZRs/IAA比值范围(皇冠一号比值为1.2-10.5,夏丝一号比值为0.5-1.0)有利于花芽分化;较高水平的ABA/IAA比值,低水平的ZRs/GA_3和ZRs/ABA比值,有利于促进花的形态建成。
综合分析苗期不同光周期处理对两个有棱丝瓜品种的花性分化和产量的影响,结果表明10h光照时长为最佳。
This paper studied the effects of four kinds of photoperiod [day/night:6h/18h、8h/16h、10h/14h and CK(about 14h/10h)]on the two cultivars of Luffa.acutangula Roxb.(Huang-guan No.1 and Xia-si NO.1).The sex differentiation and theoretic yield were measured as well as the correlation physiological indexes during photoperiodic treatments,then the optimum daylength of huang-guan No.1 and Xia-si NO.1 was defined.The conclusion as follows:
1、Compared with control,the 1~(st)female flowers were occurred about 10 days earlier,the node order got lower by 10-20 nodes;The 1~(st)male flowers were occurred about 6-10 days earlier,the node order got lower by 2-3 nodes.
2、Compared with control,the number of female flowers were both increased by the 10h treatments,but reduced by the 6h and 8h treatments in two cultivars.The number of male flowers were reduced in Huang-guan NO.1, but increased in Xia-si NO.1 by shortday treatments.The ratio of female to male flower was increased by the 10h treatments.
3、Compared to control,the yield of Huang-guan NO.1 and Xia-si NO.1 was increased 14.84%and 19.49%each by the 10h treatments,reduced 9.63%and 12.05%by the 8h treatments and also reduced 14.10%and 20.38% respectively by the 6h treatments.
4、Under different photoperiodic treatments,the trend of change on Free Amino Acids was decreasing in two cultivars luffa in general and there was no significant difference among different photoperiodic treatments.Based in the theory of balancing of endogenous hormone and the endogenous hormone determining,the result showed that:The male flower development was promoted by high contents of GA_3;The female flower development was promoted by high ethylene release rate;Low contents of ZRs and IAA were beneficial to sex differentiation;The contents of ABA which reached peak in prophase,then maintained lower level in anaphase,was advantageous to sex differentiation;The increasing of ABA/GA_3 and GA_3/IAA ratio,an appreciable extent ZRs/IAA ratio(Huang-guan NO.1 between 1.2 to 10.5, Xia-si NO.1 between 0.5 to 1.0)were favor of sex differentiation;High level ratio of ABA/IAA and low level ratio of ZRs/GA_3 and ZRs/ABA were advantageous to flower bud morphogenesis.
Comprehensive analysis of effects of different photoperiodic treatments on sexual differentiation and yield showed that 10h treatment was the optimum daylength in two cultivars.
1、与CK相比,短日处理能使第一雌花发生时间提早10天左右,并使发生节位降低10-20节,使第一雄花发生时间提早6-10天,节位降低2-3节。
2、与CK相比,两品种的10h处理的雌花数均增加,6h和8h处理的雌花数均减少;短日处理减少皇冠一号的雄花数,而增加夏丝一号雄花数;10h处理增加两品种的雌雄花比率。
3、与CK相比,10h处理,皇冠一号和夏丝一号分别增产14.84%和1949%;6h和8h处理,皇冠一号分别减产14.10%和9.63%,夏丝一号分别减产20.38%和12.05%。
4、在不同光周期处理下,两个有棱丝瓜品种真叶内游离氨基酸含量的变化呈整体下降趋势,处理间差异不显著;根据激素动态平衡假说和内源激素测定,结果表明:GA_3有促雄效果;高乙烯释放率有促雌效果;低含量的ZRs、IAA有利于花性分化;ABA前期出现峰值,后期保持较低水平有利于有棱丝瓜花性分化;ABA/GA_3和GA_3/IAA比值增大,适当的ZRs/IAA比值范围(皇冠一号比值为1.2-10.5,夏丝一号比值为0.5-1.0)有利于花芽分化;较高水平的ABA/IAA比值,低水平的ZRs/GA_3和ZRs/ABA比值,有利于促进花的形态建成。
综合分析苗期不同光周期处理对两个有棱丝瓜品种的花性分化和产量的影响,结果表明10h光照时长为最佳。
This paper studied the effects of four kinds of photoperiod [day/night:6h/18h、8h/16h、10h/14h and CK(about 14h/10h)]on the two cultivars of Luffa.acutangula Roxb.(Huang-guan No.1 and Xia-si NO.1).The sex differentiation and theoretic yield were measured as well as the correlation physiological indexes during photoperiodic treatments,then the optimum daylength of huang-guan No.1 and Xia-si NO.1 was defined.The conclusion as follows:
1、Compared with control,the 1~(st)female flowers were occurred about 10 days earlier,the node order got lower by 10-20 nodes;The 1~(st)male flowers were occurred about 6-10 days earlier,the node order got lower by 2-3 nodes.
2、Compared with control,the number of female flowers were both increased by the 10h treatments,but reduced by the 6h and 8h treatments in two cultivars.The number of male flowers were reduced in Huang-guan NO.1, but increased in Xia-si NO.1 by shortday treatments.The ratio of female to male flower was increased by the 10h treatments.
3、Compared to control,the yield of Huang-guan NO.1 and Xia-si NO.1 was increased 14.84%and 19.49%each by the 10h treatments,reduced 9.63%and 12.05%by the 8h treatments and also reduced 14.10%and 20.38% respectively by the 6h treatments.
4、Under different photoperiodic treatments,the trend of change on Free Amino Acids was decreasing in two cultivars luffa in general and there was no significant difference among different photoperiodic treatments.Based in the theory of balancing of endogenous hormone and the endogenous hormone determining,the result showed that:The male flower development was promoted by high contents of GA_3;The female flower development was promoted by high ethylene release rate;Low contents of ZRs and IAA were beneficial to sex differentiation;The contents of ABA which reached peak in prophase,then maintained lower level in anaphase,was advantageous to sex differentiation;The increasing of ABA/GA_3 and GA_3/IAA ratio,an appreciable extent ZRs/IAA ratio(Huang-guan NO.1 between 1.2 to 10.5, Xia-si NO.1 between 0.5 to 1.0)were favor of sex differentiation;High level ratio of ABA/IAA and low level ratio of ZRs/GA_3 and ZRs/ABA were advantageous to flower bud morphogenesis.
Comprehensive analysis of effects of different photoperiodic treatments on sexual differentiation and yield showed that 10h treatment was the optimum daylength in two cultivars.
引文
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