Linux应用于微机保护测控系统的关键技术研究
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摘要
智能电网的提出与逐步应用,促使信息技术与电能技术结合更加紧密,尤其像新一代数字化变电站IEC61850协议用到的面向对象等技术,使得传统的前后台软件体系结构或者简单的嵌入式操作系统已无法满足电力微机保护测控系统的要求。为适应电网电压等级不断提高、电网结构日趋复杂以及信息技术在电力系统应用更加深入对保护测控系统所提出的要求,本文较为深入地研究了嵌入式操作系统在电力保护测控系统的应用,并具体介绍嵌入式Linux系统在微机保护测控系统应用的部分关键问题。
移植嵌入式Linux系统到微机保护测控平台,需要根据保护平台所用芯片作出相应的修改。从实际应用的角度出发,分析了嵌入式Linux系统移植所要完成的工作,重点介绍Linux在微机保护测控系统中要注意的关键问题,包括Linux内核的移植、外围设备驱动、引导程序Bootloader编写。
由于嵌入式Linux系统的启动速度通常比较慢,难以适用于电力保护测控系统的启动要求。本文通过对嵌入式Linux系统的启动过程、主要延时因素、模块精简、屏蔽系统信息等方面的分析,针对性地探讨了降低启动时耗的技术;同时,根据电力系统具体应用场合的需要,探讨了Linux系统启动过程界面修改的方法。
网络化是电力保护测控系统发展趋势和关键技术,尤其IEC61850协议数字化变电站的关键技术之一便是以过程总线为核心的网络技术,而嵌入式以太网是当前IEC61850过程总线和变电站层总线的实时标准。搭建了以传输速度优越的嵌入式以太网为主的通信系统,并实现了嵌入式Linux的以太网功能。为了广泛适用于不同实际工程的需要,构建了组网方便、抗干扰能力强的RS-485总线,研究了RS-485在嵌入式Linux中的具体调试和实现。同时,研究并实现了在嵌入式Linux环境中,主控制器通过I2C总线对日历时针芯片X1286的读、写等操作。
The proposal and application of smart grid makes information technology more and more closely with power technologies. Trandition software architecture platform or simple embedded operating system used in the protection and control systems can not meet the need of the new Digital Substation with IEC61850 protocol applying object-oriented techniques. Satisfying the development of microcomputer-based protection and control system, especially to meet the requirement brought by the higher voltage and more complexity of power grid, researches on appliation of embedded operating systeme in microcomputer-based protection and control system is developed in the dissertation.
Transplanting embedded Linux systems to microcomputer-based protection and control system needs to make changes corresponding to the chip platform. According to the practical application, the main jobs of transplanting the embedded Linux system are analysed, focusing on the key transplantation technologies of embedded Linux systems in microprocessor-based protection and control system, including Linux kernel transplantation, peripheral device drivers and Bootloader preparation.
Embedded Linux system start-up speed is generally slow, which can not satisfy the real-time requirements of power system. Analysing the embedded Linux system boot process, main delay factors, module streamlined and system information shielded, which target to reduce startup time; And according to need of power system, technology of modifing the interface of Linux when booting is studied.
Network is the develop trend of power protection and control system, especially one of the key technologies of bus core in the digital substation with IEC61850 protocol is network technology, And embedded Ethernet is the real-time standard of process bus and substation layer bus according to IEC61850 protocol. This system constructed the main network with the fast and universal network-Eathernet and offered the RS-485, making it more flexible and to meet different requirtment in different fields. At the same time, calendar clock chip X1286 operated by I2C bus is studied.
移植嵌入式Linux系统到微机保护测控平台,需要根据保护平台所用芯片作出相应的修改。从实际应用的角度出发,分析了嵌入式Linux系统移植所要完成的工作,重点介绍Linux在微机保护测控系统中要注意的关键问题,包括Linux内核的移植、外围设备驱动、引导程序Bootloader编写。
由于嵌入式Linux系统的启动速度通常比较慢,难以适用于电力保护测控系统的启动要求。本文通过对嵌入式Linux系统的启动过程、主要延时因素、模块精简、屏蔽系统信息等方面的分析,针对性地探讨了降低启动时耗的技术;同时,根据电力系统具体应用场合的需要,探讨了Linux系统启动过程界面修改的方法。
网络化是电力保护测控系统发展趋势和关键技术,尤其IEC61850协议数字化变电站的关键技术之一便是以过程总线为核心的网络技术,而嵌入式以太网是当前IEC61850过程总线和变电站层总线的实时标准。搭建了以传输速度优越的嵌入式以太网为主的通信系统,并实现了嵌入式Linux的以太网功能。为了广泛适用于不同实际工程的需要,构建了组网方便、抗干扰能力强的RS-485总线,研究了RS-485在嵌入式Linux中的具体调试和实现。同时,研究并实现了在嵌入式Linux环境中,主控制器通过I2C总线对日历时针芯片X1286的读、写等操作。
The proposal and application of smart grid makes information technology more and more closely with power technologies. Trandition software architecture platform or simple embedded operating system used in the protection and control systems can not meet the need of the new Digital Substation with IEC61850 protocol applying object-oriented techniques. Satisfying the development of microcomputer-based protection and control system, especially to meet the requirement brought by the higher voltage and more complexity of power grid, researches on appliation of embedded operating systeme in microcomputer-based protection and control system is developed in the dissertation.
Transplanting embedded Linux systems to microcomputer-based protection and control system needs to make changes corresponding to the chip platform. According to the practical application, the main jobs of transplanting the embedded Linux system are analysed, focusing on the key transplantation technologies of embedded Linux systems in microprocessor-based protection and control system, including Linux kernel transplantation, peripheral device drivers and Bootloader preparation.
Embedded Linux system start-up speed is generally slow, which can not satisfy the real-time requirements of power system. Analysing the embedded Linux system boot process, main delay factors, module streamlined and system information shielded, which target to reduce startup time; And according to need of power system, technology of modifing the interface of Linux when booting is studied.
Network is the develop trend of power protection and control system, especially one of the key technologies of bus core in the digital substation with IEC61850 protocol is network technology, And embedded Ethernet is the real-time standard of process bus and substation layer bus according to IEC61850 protocol. This system constructed the main network with the fast and universal network-Eathernet and offered the RS-485, making it more flexible and to meet different requirtment in different fields. At the same time, calendar clock chip X1286 operated by I2C bus is studied.
引文
[1]陈德树,张哲,尹项根.微机继电保护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000,7
[2]陈德树.计算机继电保护原理与技术(第一版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1992
[3]胡道徐,石建.为变电站自动化设备定制Linux系统[J].电力自动化设备,2003,23(2): 71-72.
[4]路广,张伯明,孙宏斌,嵌入式实时Linux及其在电网自动化系统中的应用[J],电力系统自动化,2002,27(9):62-66.
[5]严亚勤,吴文传,张伯明,基于嵌入式Linux的网络RTU[J],电力自动化设备, 2004,24(9) :27-29.
[6]毛德操,吴希明. Linux内核源代码情景分析[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社(上).2003.
[7]毛德操,吴希明. Linux内核源代码情景分析[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社(上).2003.
[8]毛德操,吴希明.杭州:采用公开源代码和StrongARM/XScale处理器[J].2004.
[9] Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartman.Linux设备驱动程序(第三版,影印版).O'Reilly:2005,6.
[10]慕春隶.嵌入式系统的构建[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004,8.
[11]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等编著.北京:嵌入式Linux应用开发详解[M].机械工业出版社.2004.
[12]李善平.Linux与嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]马忠梅,李善平,康慨等. ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[14]秦蔚. ARM平台下Linux内核移植技术的分析研究与应用[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2004,6
[15] Russell King. Kernel memory layout on arm Linux[Z].2003.
[16]陈军,涂亚庆.加快嵌入式Linux系统启动速度的方法及应用[J].后勤工程学院学报,2005,3(5)54-58
[17]周全成,郑延召.嵌入式Linux系统中的快速启动技术研究[D].2005.
[18]罗强,游大海,何红艳.基于嵌入式GUI的电力自动化设备人机界面设计[J].电力自动化设备. 2004,24(9):63-67.
[ 19 ]任雁铭,秦立军等.变电站自动化系统中内部通信网的研究[J].电网技术.2000,24(5).
[ 20 ]基于嵌入式以太网的变电站自动化系统通信网络的研究.
[ 21 ]王松月,杨福兴,基于ARM920T嵌入式通信控制系统设备驱动开发[J],电力自动化设备,2006,26(6):75-78.
[ 22 ]魏志东,徐佳,冯登国.第三代快速以太网控制器及其应用[J].微计算机应用,2002,25(3):129-133.
[ 23 ] DM9013-DS-P03-070708[Z].
[ 24 ]阳宪惠.陆空现场总线技术及其应用第一版[M].清华大学出版社,1999:309-386.
[ 25 ]龚维蒸.电子设备结构工艺[M].第一版.电子工业出版社,1989.
[ 26 ] X1286 Preliminary Information[Z].
[2]陈德树.计算机继电保护原理与技术(第一版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1992
[3]胡道徐,石建.为变电站自动化设备定制Linux系统[J].电力自动化设备,2003,23(2): 71-72.
[4]路广,张伯明,孙宏斌,嵌入式实时Linux及其在电网自动化系统中的应用[J],电力系统自动化,2002,27(9):62-66.
[5]严亚勤,吴文传,张伯明,基于嵌入式Linux的网络RTU[J],电力自动化设备, 2004,24(9) :27-29.
[6]毛德操,吴希明. Linux内核源代码情景分析[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社(上).2003.
[7]毛德操,吴希明. Linux内核源代码情景分析[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社(上).2003.
[8]毛德操,吴希明.杭州:采用公开源代码和StrongARM/XScale处理器[J].2004.
[9] Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartman.Linux设备驱动程序(第三版,影印版).O'Reilly:2005,6.
[10]慕春隶.嵌入式系统的构建[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004,8.
[11]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等编著.北京:嵌入式Linux应用开发详解[M].机械工业出版社.2004.
[12]李善平.Linux与嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]马忠梅,李善平,康慨等. ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[14]秦蔚. ARM平台下Linux内核移植技术的分析研究与应用[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2004,6
[15] Russell King. Kernel memory layout on arm Linux[Z].2003.
[16]陈军,涂亚庆.加快嵌入式Linux系统启动速度的方法及应用[J].后勤工程学院学报,2005,3(5)54-58
[17]周全成,郑延召.嵌入式Linux系统中的快速启动技术研究[D].2005.
[18]罗强,游大海,何红艳.基于嵌入式GUI的电力自动化设备人机界面设计[J].电力自动化设备. 2004,24(9):63-67.
[ 19 ]任雁铭,秦立军等.变电站自动化系统中内部通信网的研究[J].电网技术.2000,24(5).
[ 20 ]基于嵌入式以太网的变电站自动化系统通信网络的研究.
[ 21 ]王松月,杨福兴,基于ARM920T嵌入式通信控制系统设备驱动开发[J],电力自动化设备,2006,26(6):75-78.
[ 22 ]魏志东,徐佳,冯登国.第三代快速以太网控制器及其应用[J].微计算机应用,2002,25(3):129-133.
[ 23 ] DM9013-DS-P03-070708[Z].
[ 24 ]阳宪惠.陆空现场总线技术及其应用第一版[M].清华大学出版社,1999:309-386.
[ 25 ]龚维蒸.电子设备结构工艺[M].第一版.电子工业出版社,1989.
[ 26 ] X1286 Preliminary Information[Z].