基于车载网络的汽车行驶记录仪主机模块研究与设计
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摘要
随着交通的迅速发展，汽车已经成为现代社会的一种重要的交通工具，并且其数量仍在不断增加中。许多交通事故由于无任何行驶记录，而造成事故责任无法确定。汽车行驶记录仪是一种特殊的电子记录装置，它可以对车辆行驶速度、时间、里程以及有关车辆行驶的其他状态信息进行记录、存储并可通过接口实现数据输出。通过对汽车实时状态的监测，可以到达规范驾驶员行为和提供道路交通事故分析鉴定以及汽车运行状态分析的作用，同时可以集成电子仪表、故障诊断、报警、GPS、GIS等功能。
根据汽车行驶记录仪的国家标准(GB／T19056-2003)规定，一个完整的汽车行驶记录仪系统包括主机和上位机管理分析软件两部。本文主要对汽车行驶记录仪的主机模块进行了研究与设计。首先对国内外汽车行驶记录仪的研究现状做了分析，然后阐述了本文的主要工作和结构。结合汽车行驶记录仪国家标准(GB／T19056-2003)，设计了一款基于车载网络的汽车行驶记录仪主机模块。该汽车行驶记录仪主机模块可分为中央处理模块、数据采集模块、数据存储模块、USB主机模块、CAN通信模块、串行通信模块、实时时钟模块、显示模块、IC卡模块、键盘接口模块、数据打印模块及电源模块。针对各模块功能，给出各芯片电路实现方法。系统采用DSP+CPLD的电路结构，具有可扩展性好、升级空间大、电路简单的优点。对于汽车行使记录仪的软件设计，阐述了DSP系统开发的基本流程与概论，包括开发环境和语言、程序引导加载的方式、存储空间划分、命令文件编写。接着给出系统主循环的程序流程图，同时针对部分硬件模块，给出了各自的程序流程图，重点对USB主机程序设计相关概念和方法做了探讨和分析，最后对系统抗干扰措施和调试方法做了分析。在文章的结尾，进行了总结和展望，阐述了记录仪的有待改进和升级的几个部分。
As the rapid development of transportation, car has become one of important transporting tools and the total amount of them increases continuously. Many traffic accidents happened because of absence of travelling data recording, and then the responsibility could not be clarified. Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder (VTDR) is an especial electronic equipment, which can record and store the data of velocity, date, distance and other information of vehicle then output them through the interfaces. Through the monitoring of real time state of car, the illogical behavior of dirvers can be restricted and the recorded data can be used as a proof for analyzing of traffic accident. The health of vehicle also can be checked. Meanwhile, some functions such as electronic watches, breakdown diagnosing, alarm, GPS, GIS, can also be integrated in it.
According to the national standard of VTDR (GB/T19056-2003), an Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder consists of the mainframe part and managment software part on PC. This thesis focus on the reseaching and designing of the mainframe of VTDR. At first, the domestic and foreign situation of VTDR is analysed and then the emphases and framework of thesis are expatiated. The basic framework of VTDR is introduced. It consists of the central processing module, data collecting module, data storing module, USB host module, CAN-BUS module, RS232 module, clock module, display module, IC card module, keyboard interface module, data printing module and power module. The chips of each module are introduced, so are the realized circuits. The DSP+CPLD framework is employed in this system, so it is easy to extend and upgrade and the complexity of circuit can be reduced. And then the sofeware designing of VTDR is expatiated. The development flow and environment of DSP system is introduced after that, which includes development enviorment and program language, memory file, command file. Then the flow of main loop is introduced. The software designing of USB host is an important part, and then software flows of hardware modules are given. At last, some useful measures to avoid the disturbance of PCB and hardware are introduced, so are the test methods. At the end, some parts of VTDR which should be upgraded and improved are expatiated.
根据汽车行驶记录仪的国家标准(GB／T19056-2003)规定，一个完整的汽车行驶记录仪系统包括主机和上位机管理分析软件两部。本文主要对汽车行驶记录仪的主机模块进行了研究与设计。首先对国内外汽车行驶记录仪的研究现状做了分析，然后阐述了本文的主要工作和结构。结合汽车行驶记录仪国家标准(GB／T19056-2003)，设计了一款基于车载网络的汽车行驶记录仪主机模块。该汽车行驶记录仪主机模块可分为中央处理模块、数据采集模块、数据存储模块、USB主机模块、CAN通信模块、串行通信模块、实时时钟模块、显示模块、IC卡模块、键盘接口模块、数据打印模块及电源模块。针对各模块功能，给出各芯片电路实现方法。系统采用DSP+CPLD的电路结构，具有可扩展性好、升级空间大、电路简单的优点。对于汽车行使记录仪的软件设计，阐述了DSP系统开发的基本流程与概论，包括开发环境和语言、程序引导加载的方式、存储空间划分、命令文件编写。接着给出系统主循环的程序流程图，同时针对部分硬件模块，给出了各自的程序流程图，重点对USB主机程序设计相关概念和方法做了探讨和分析，最后对系统抗干扰措施和调试方法做了分析。在文章的结尾，进行了总结和展望，阐述了记录仪的有待改进和升级的几个部分。
As the rapid development of transportation, car has become one of important transporting tools and the total amount of them increases continuously. Many traffic accidents happened because of absence of travelling data recording, and then the responsibility could not be clarified. Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder (VTDR) is an especial electronic equipment, which can record and store the data of velocity, date, distance and other information of vehicle then output them through the interfaces. Through the monitoring of real time state of car, the illogical behavior of dirvers can be restricted and the recorded data can be used as a proof for analyzing of traffic accident. The health of vehicle also can be checked. Meanwhile, some functions such as electronic watches, breakdown diagnosing, alarm, GPS, GIS, can also be integrated in it.
According to the national standard of VTDR (GB/T19056-2003), an Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder consists of the mainframe part and managment software part on PC. This thesis focus on the reseaching and designing of the mainframe of VTDR. At first, the domestic and foreign situation of VTDR is analysed and then the emphases and framework of thesis are expatiated. The basic framework of VTDR is introduced. It consists of the central processing module, data collecting module, data storing module, USB host module, CAN-BUS module, RS232 module, clock module, display module, IC card module, keyboard interface module, data printing module and power module. The chips of each module are introduced, so are the realized circuits. The DSP+CPLD framework is employed in this system, so it is easy to extend and upgrade and the complexity of circuit can be reduced. And then the sofeware designing of VTDR is expatiated. The development flow and environment of DSP system is introduced after that, which includes development enviorment and program language, memory file, command file. Then the flow of main loop is introduced. The software designing of USB host is an important part, and then software flows of hardware modules are given. At last, some useful measures to avoid the disturbance of PCB and hardware are introduced, so are the test methods. At the end, some parts of VTDR which should be upgraded and improved are expatiated.
引文
[1] 李奕薇．我国行车记录仪市场调研．中国交通信息产业，2003，(1)：22～24
[2] 王征平，王小惠．行车记录仪市场分析．中国交通信息产业，2003，(1)：90～95
[3] 史鑫一，陈秀红．正确驾驶客车，降低运输成本—行车记录仪在车辆技术管理中的作用．客车技术与研究，2001，23(2)：156～162
[4] 翟永红．设置最高限速用好行车记录仪．中国道路运输，2004，(4)：156～162
[5] GB／T19056-2003汽车行驶记录仪起划草工作组．GB／T19056-2003《汽车行驶记录仪》实施指南．北京：中国标准出版社，2003
[6] TMS320C54x DSP Refence Set Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[7] TMS320C54x DSP Reference Set Volume 4: Applications Guide, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1996
[8] TMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[9] 张福学．传感器应用及其电路精选．北京：电子工业出版社，1992
[10] 何希才．传感器及其应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001
[11] Niloy Bhadra, P Hunter Peckham, Michael W Keith, Kevin L Kilgore etc. Implementation of an implantable joint-angle transducer. Joumal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2002. 39(3): 411～422
[12] Togawa Kiyoshi, Sanbonsugi Hideaki, Lapicki Adam etc. High-Sensitivity InSb Thin-Film Micro-Hall Sensor Arrays for Simultaneous Multiple Detection of Magnetic Beads for Biomedical Applications. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2005. 41(10): 3661-3663
[13] 康华光．电子技术基础数字部分．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[14] 阳子轩．汽车行驶记录仪的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2006
[15] 崔立超．汽车行驶记录仪及其后台数据分析软件的设计与实现：[硕士学位论文]．西安：西北工业大学，2005
[16] 刘兵，徐家恺，刘阳．DSP的嵌入式USB主机接口设计．微型机与应用，2004，(8)：21～22
[17] 王仁龙，肖忠炳，魏宇，于春花，崔允红．TMS320VC5416与CAN总线的接口设计及软件编程．应用科技，2006，(9)：11～13
[18] 唐冰，周勇，骆云志，王峰，赖春强．全功能异步收发器与DSP的SPI接口技术．单片机与嵌入式，2003，(5)：34～37
[19] T6963C控制器图形液晶显示模块使用手册．北京：北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司，2004
[20] 吴大中．逻辑加密卡SLE4442及其应用．电子技术，1997，(7)：42-46
[21] 点阵字符型液晶显示模块使用手册．北京精电蓬远技术有限公司，2001
[22] 昊文杰．汽车行驶记录仪：[硕士学位论文]．南京：南京理工大学，2000．6
[23] 邓洁清，郑建勇，宋明．基于DSP和CPLD的人机接口实现．工业控制计算机，2004，(17)：27～29
[24] 陈晓明，苗世洪．张军民．微机保护中DSP与时钟DSl2CR887的接口设计．国外电子元器件，2007，(3)：49～52
[25] Jason Hansen, Jill Hill. Switching regulator charges NiMH batteries. EDN, 2000. 45(26): 95～96
[26] Christophe Basso, Francois Lhermite. Switch-mode supply draws 43-mW standby power. EDN, 1999. 44(12): 116～117
[27] Handa Hiroshi, Sandhu Adarsh. IC has a controlling interest. Computer Design's: Electronic Systems Technology&Design, 1997. 36 (12): 41～49
[28] 彭启琮，管庆．DSP集成开发环境CCS及DSP／BIOS的原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[29] 钟文政，柯鸿禧．DSPTMS320C50原理与应用．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[30] 刘益成．TMS320C54xDSP应用程序设计与开发．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[31] 颜友钧，朱宇光．DSP应用技术教程．北京：中国电力出版社，2002
[32] 刘慧，林海虹，刘智．多核DSP的Bootloader程序的实现．电子技术应用，2003，(6)：72～75
[33] 刘蓉晖．DSP的自举引导方法的应用研究．世界电子元器件，2004，(5)：49～51
[34] 郎岩梅，唐文彦，赵军．基于DSP的嵌入式系统中BOOTLOADER程序的设计方法．电测与仪表，2003，(4)：35～37
[35] 陈喆，张福洪．数字信号处理器引导装载方式研究．杭州电子工业学院学报，2002，22(6)： 65～68
[36] Sha Zhanyou, Meng Zhiyong. The communication between TMS320C54x DSP and CPLD through host port interface. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998:1755-1757
[37] Chen Guilin, Kandemir Mahmut. Optimizing address code generation for array-intensive DSP applications. Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, 2005:141-152
[38] Jiangbo Sun, Houjin Chen. Optimization of DSP virtual machine in embedded DSP. Proceedings of International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings, 2004:136-139
[39] Tao Huang, Yunfei Zhou, Ming Zhong. Adaptive Real-Time Network Design of Embedded System. Adaptive Real-Time Network Design of Embedded System. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems andApplications, 2006: 560-565
[40] Jiangbo Sun, Houjin Chen. Optimization of DSP virtual machine in embedded DSP. International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings, 2004:136-139
[41] Huang Tao, Zhong Ming, Zhou Yunfei. Adaptive Real-Time Networks Design and Simulation Based on IC Wedge-Bonding Control System. Proceedings of the International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006 - Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, 2006: 253-256
[42] Xin Hua-Feng, Yu Feng, Tan Jian, Wang Wen-Li. Embedded USB host/slave application module. Journal of Jilin University, 2005, 35(2): 166-169
[43] Depari A., Flammini A, Marioli D., Taroni A. USB sensor network for industrial applications. Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2004:1203-1207
[44] Gereaux, Dean A. USB Device Drivers. Dr. Dobb's Journal, 2004, 29(4): 60-64
[45] Kim Yong-Seok, Kim Hee-Sun, Lee Chang-Goo. The development of USB Home Control Network System. Proceedings of 2004 8th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2004: 289-293
[46] Popa M., Marcu M., Popa A.S.. A microcontroller based data acquisition system with USB interface. Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2004: 206-209
[47] Yao Aiqin, Sun Yunqiang, Shi Xiling. Data acquisition systems based on USB. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Test and Measurement, 2003: 627-630
[48] Yao Aiqin, Sun Yunqiang, Shi Xiling. QoS support for USB 2.0 periodic and sporadic device requests. Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2004: 395-404
[49] Morrow Michael G., Welch Thad B., Wright Cameron H. G. Real-time DSP data acquisition for high speed host transfer. Proceedings of the 49th International Instrumentation Symposium, 2003: 525-530
[50] Morrow Michael G., Welch Thad B., Wright Cameron H. G.. Enhancing the TMS320C6713 DSK for DSP education. Proceedings of 2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: The Changing Landscape of Engineering and Technology Education in a Global World, 2003: 525-530
[51] 卢存伟．计算机控制系统实用抗干扰技术．自动化与仪表，1989，2：36-39
[2] 王征平，王小惠．行车记录仪市场分析．中国交通信息产业，2003，(1)：90～95
[3] 史鑫一，陈秀红．正确驾驶客车，降低运输成本—行车记录仪在车辆技术管理中的作用．客车技术与研究，2001，23(2)：156～162
[4] 翟永红．设置最高限速用好行车记录仪．中国道路运输，2004，(4)：156～162
[5] GB／T19056-2003汽车行驶记录仪起划草工作组．GB／T19056-2003《汽车行驶记录仪》实施指南．北京：中国标准出版社，2003
[6] TMS320C54x DSP Refence Set Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[7] TMS320C54x DSP Reference Set Volume 4: Applications Guide, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1996
[8] TMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[9] 张福学．传感器应用及其电路精选．北京：电子工业出版社，1992
[10] 何希才．传感器及其应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001
[11] Niloy Bhadra, P Hunter Peckham, Michael W Keith, Kevin L Kilgore etc. Implementation of an implantable joint-angle transducer. Joumal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2002. 39(3): 411～422
[12] Togawa Kiyoshi, Sanbonsugi Hideaki, Lapicki Adam etc. High-Sensitivity InSb Thin-Film Micro-Hall Sensor Arrays for Simultaneous Multiple Detection of Magnetic Beads for Biomedical Applications. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2005. 41(10): 3661-3663
[13] 康华光．电子技术基础数字部分．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[14] 阳子轩．汽车行驶记录仪的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2006
[15] 崔立超．汽车行驶记录仪及其后台数据分析软件的设计与实现：[硕士学位论文]．西安：西北工业大学，2005
[16] 刘兵，徐家恺，刘阳．DSP的嵌入式USB主机接口设计．微型机与应用，2004，(8)：21～22
[17] 王仁龙，肖忠炳，魏宇，于春花，崔允红．TMS320VC5416与CAN总线的接口设计及软件编程．应用科技，2006，(9)：11～13
[18] 唐冰，周勇，骆云志，王峰，赖春强．全功能异步收发器与DSP的SPI接口技术．单片机与嵌入式，2003，(5)：34～37
[19] T6963C控制器图形液晶显示模块使用手册．北京：北京精电蓬远显示技术有限公司，2004
[20] 吴大中．逻辑加密卡SLE4442及其应用．电子技术，1997，(7)：42-46
[21] 点阵字符型液晶显示模块使用手册．北京精电蓬远技术有限公司，2001
[22] 昊文杰．汽车行驶记录仪：[硕士学位论文]．南京：南京理工大学，2000．6
[23] 邓洁清，郑建勇，宋明．基于DSP和CPLD的人机接口实现．工业控制计算机，2004，(17)：27～29
[24] 陈晓明，苗世洪．张军民．微机保护中DSP与时钟DSl2CR887的接口设计．国外电子元器件，2007，(3)：49～52
[25] Jason Hansen, Jill Hill. Switching regulator charges NiMH batteries. EDN, 2000. 45(26): 95～96
[26] Christophe Basso, Francois Lhermite. Switch-mode supply draws 43-mW standby power. EDN, 1999. 44(12): 116～117
[27] Handa Hiroshi, Sandhu Adarsh. IC has a controlling interest. Computer Design's: Electronic Systems Technology&Design, 1997. 36 (12): 41～49
[28] 彭启琮，管庆．DSP集成开发环境CCS及DSP／BIOS的原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[29] 钟文政，柯鸿禧．DSPTMS320C50原理与应用．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[30] 刘益成．TMS320C54xDSP应用程序设计与开发．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[31] 颜友钧，朱宇光．DSP应用技术教程．北京：中国电力出版社，2002
[32] 刘慧，林海虹，刘智．多核DSP的Bootloader程序的实现．电子技术应用，2003，(6)：72～75
[33] 刘蓉晖．DSP的自举引导方法的应用研究．世界电子元器件，2004，(5)：49～51
[34] 郎岩梅，唐文彦，赵军．基于DSP的嵌入式系统中BOOTLOADER程序的设计方法．电测与仪表，2003，(4)：35～37
[35] 陈喆，张福洪．数字信号处理器引导装载方式研究．杭州电子工业学院学报，2002，22(6)： 65～68
[36] Sha Zhanyou, Meng Zhiyong. The communication between TMS320C54x DSP and CPLD through host port interface. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998:1755-1757
[37] Chen Guilin, Kandemir Mahmut. Optimizing address code generation for array-intensive DSP applications. Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, 2005:141-152
[38] Jiangbo Sun, Houjin Chen. Optimization of DSP virtual machine in embedded DSP. Proceedings of International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings, 2004:136-139
[39] Tao Huang, Yunfei Zhou, Ming Zhong. Adaptive Real-Time Network Design of Embedded System. Adaptive Real-Time Network Design of Embedded System. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems andApplications, 2006: 560-565
[40] Jiangbo Sun, Houjin Chen. Optimization of DSP virtual machine in embedded DSP. International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings, 2004:136-139
[41] Huang Tao, Zhong Ming, Zhou Yunfei. Adaptive Real-Time Networks Design and Simulation Based on IC Wedge-Bonding Control System. Proceedings of the International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006 - Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, 2006: 253-256
[42] Xin Hua-Feng, Yu Feng, Tan Jian, Wang Wen-Li. Embedded USB host/slave application module. Journal of Jilin University, 2005, 35(2): 166-169
[43] Depari A., Flammini A, Marioli D., Taroni A. USB sensor network for industrial applications. Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2004:1203-1207
[44] Gereaux, Dean A. USB Device Drivers. Dr. Dobb's Journal, 2004, 29(4): 60-64
[45] Kim Yong-Seok, Kim Hee-Sun, Lee Chang-Goo. The development of USB Home Control Network System. Proceedings of 2004 8th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2004: 289-293
[46] Popa M., Marcu M., Popa A.S.. A microcontroller based data acquisition system with USB interface. Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2004: 206-209
[47] Yao Aiqin, Sun Yunqiang, Shi Xiling. Data acquisition systems based on USB. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Test and Measurement, 2003: 627-630
[48] Yao Aiqin, Sun Yunqiang, Shi Xiling. QoS support for USB 2.0 periodic and sporadic device requests. Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2004: 395-404
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