三维几何模型水印嵌入方法研究
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摘要
随着互联网技术的迅速发展,越来越多的数字产品进入公开网络环境,应用越来越广泛,同时网络上的多媒体信息的版权盗用问题也显著增加。数字水印技术主要通过在多媒体内容中嵌入版权标志数据来确保内容的安全。近年来,随着CAD技术、生物医学技术及三维动画技术的发展,使得三维几何模型也面临所有权保护问题。三维模型水印技术成为计算机图形学与媒体计算领域的研究热点。
本文针对三维模型水印技术中的关键问题开展研究,从所有者和攻击者两个方面研究三维模型水印算法的鲁棒性问题、局部化问题、特征域选择问题以及信息嵌入机制问题。
本文的研究工作包括:
(1)提出了一种基于积分不变量的三维模型半脆弱水印算法。针对现有的三维模型水印算法对鲁棒性定义不明确的问题,分析了常见的攻击手段,并区分成恶意攻击和非恶意攻击。基于三维模型积分不变量设计水印算法,所提出的算法能够抵抗相似变换攻击,对噪声和剪切攻击具备一定的鲁棒性,实用价值较高。
(2)提出了一种针对采用索引式局部化机制的水印算法的优化框架。针对三维模型水印算法的嵌入容量及不可见性的性能进行优化,改进了一类三维模型水印算法的框架,分别求解一个最大独立集问题和一个指派问题来优化嵌入容量和不可见性。该框架可使水印算法的整体性能有较大的提高。
(3)提出了一种针对三维模型水印算法的伪认证攻击方法。从攻击者的角度考察三维模型水印算法的有效性。算法通过重排模型的顶点顺序伪造出一个参考模型,使得检测出的水印顺序也相应重排,形成攻击者希望的水印,从而造成所有权检测争执。通过举例说明了该方法的可行性,并进一步分别分析了攻击的成功条件和避免攻击的方法。
With the development of network technology, more and more digital products come into public network. Meanwhile, the copyrights protection problem becomes crucial. By embedding some tags into multimedia contents, digital watermarking techniques can protect their copyrights. In recent years, with the development of CAD, biomedical imaging, 3D animation and other applications, the copyrights protection for 3D models become necessary. Therefore, 3D model watermarking technique has been widely researched.
In this thesis, we would like to discuss some key problems in 3D model watermarking technique, and research as a proprietor and as an attacker on the robustness, localization, feature selection and data embedding problems.
The main contributions include:
(1) A semi-fragile watermarking algorithm for 3D models based on integral invariants is proposed. As the robustness is not well defined for 3D model watermarking, we list some commonly-used attacks and class them into malicious attacks and non-malicious attacks. Based on integral invariants, this algorithm can survive under similar transforms, and be robust against noise and cropping.
(2) An optimized framework for indexed localization scheme is proposed. To improve the capacity and invisibility of 3D watermarking algorithms, we optimize the watermarking scheme. By solving a maximum independent set problem and an assignment problem, the overall performance of the algorithms are greatly improved.
(3) A new counterfeit original attack method for 3D model watermarking algorithms is proposed. As an attacker, we check the validity of existing algorithms. By reordering the vertices, the proposed method can counterfeit a fake original model, scramble the extracted watermark and confuse the authentication decision. With an example, we show the feasibility, succeeding conditions and method to avoid.
本文针对三维模型水印技术中的关键问题开展研究,从所有者和攻击者两个方面研究三维模型水印算法的鲁棒性问题、局部化问题、特征域选择问题以及信息嵌入机制问题。
本文的研究工作包括:
(1)提出了一种基于积分不变量的三维模型半脆弱水印算法。针对现有的三维模型水印算法对鲁棒性定义不明确的问题,分析了常见的攻击手段,并区分成恶意攻击和非恶意攻击。基于三维模型积分不变量设计水印算法,所提出的算法能够抵抗相似变换攻击,对噪声和剪切攻击具备一定的鲁棒性,实用价值较高。
(2)提出了一种针对采用索引式局部化机制的水印算法的优化框架。针对三维模型水印算法的嵌入容量及不可见性的性能进行优化,改进了一类三维模型水印算法的框架,分别求解一个最大独立集问题和一个指派问题来优化嵌入容量和不可见性。该框架可使水印算法的整体性能有较大的提高。
(3)提出了一种针对三维模型水印算法的伪认证攻击方法。从攻击者的角度考察三维模型水印算法的有效性。算法通过重排模型的顶点顺序伪造出一个参考模型,使得检测出的水印顺序也相应重排,形成攻击者希望的水印,从而造成所有权检测争执。通过举例说明了该方法的可行性,并进一步分别分析了攻击的成功条件和避免攻击的方法。
With the development of network technology, more and more digital products come into public network. Meanwhile, the copyrights protection problem becomes crucial. By embedding some tags into multimedia contents, digital watermarking techniques can protect their copyrights. In recent years, with the development of CAD, biomedical imaging, 3D animation and other applications, the copyrights protection for 3D models become necessary. Therefore, 3D model watermarking technique has been widely researched.
In this thesis, we would like to discuss some key problems in 3D model watermarking technique, and research as a proprietor and as an attacker on the robustness, localization, feature selection and data embedding problems.
The main contributions include:
(1) A semi-fragile watermarking algorithm for 3D models based on integral invariants is proposed. As the robustness is not well defined for 3D model watermarking, we list some commonly-used attacks and class them into malicious attacks and non-malicious attacks. Based on integral invariants, this algorithm can survive under similar transforms, and be robust against noise and cropping.
(2) An optimized framework for indexed localization scheme is proposed. To improve the capacity and invisibility of 3D watermarking algorithms, we optimize the watermarking scheme. By solving a maximum independent set problem and an assignment problem, the overall performance of the algorithms are greatly improved.
(3) A new counterfeit original attack method for 3D model watermarking algorithms is proposed. As an attacker, we check the validity of existing algorithms. By reordering the vertices, the proposed method can counterfeit a fake original model, scramble the extracted watermark and confuse the authentication decision. With an example, we show the feasibility, succeeding conditions and method to avoid.
引文
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