基于嵌入式平台的无线家庭网关设计
摘要
随着信息家电产业的快速发展和人们对生活品质要求的日益提高,传统概念的家用电器已经无法满足现代人追求高品质生活的需要,而人们的高品质要求都离不开家庭网络。嵌入式无线家庭网关是整个家庭网络系统的核心,它主要实现数字家庭内部网络和公共网络的连接,为Internet接入、远程控制以及连接家庭内部的异构子网提供了平台。由此这种结合嵌入式技术、短距离无线通信技术的家庭网关成为了研究的重点和热点。
本文分析了国内外信息家电产业的发展现状以及趋势,讨论了降低家庭网关成本以适应市场需求的方法,研究了嵌入式无线家庭网关的软硬件构成,设计并实现了基于2.4GHz短距离无线通信技术的嵌入式无线家庭网关的系统,还讨论了无线通信的实现部分。
为满足低成本和性能的要求,在硬件上系统采用低成本的32位基于ARM核的AT91SAM7X256芯片为主控芯片,无需外挂FLASH和SDRAM用于存储扩展。以太网PHY层芯片选用了成本低且易于设计的RTL8201BL。采用STC系列单片机和TI公司的CC2500射频收发芯片,给出了一种低成本,低功耗的、可以用于室内环境的短距离无线传输转发控制以及状态信息的节点。本系统中,家庭内网与外部网络采用PSTN或以太网进行通信;家庭网关与无线收发节点采用RS-232进行通信;无线收发节点与各个信息家电采用2.4Ghz频段的无线网络进行通信。
系统软件设计中引用了嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ,来提高系统的并发性,改善系统的响应时间;在软件设计中,通过采用看门狗定时器、设置软件陷阱和在通信协议中增加和校验来提高系统的健壮性。同时,基于Internet技术,在嵌入式实时操作系统上移植了精简的TCP/IP协议,并在网关中存储了脱机网页,使得家庭网关可以与外部Internet通信并且为家庭内部提供Web服务,用户可以在任何地方登录家庭网络界面,远程控制和监测自己家中的信息家电。
With the rapid development of the information appliance industry,modern people chase higher quality life.Traditional concept of the appliances can't meet the need that people pursuing high-quality modern life.However, these requirements can not be separated from home network, and embedded wireless home Gateway is the core of the whole home network system. its major figure is to connect the home internal network and public network together,and provide a platform for Internet access, remote control, as well as connecting the heterogeneous subnet in th house. Then the gateway combination of embedded technology, short-range wireless communication technology has become the focus of the study.
The domestic and foreign information appliances, as well as the development of this industry's trend is analyzed; the reducing the cost of home gateway to meet the market demand approach is discussed; the hardware and software composition of embedded wireless home gateway are focused on; the embedded wireless home gateway systems are designed and implemented based on the short 2.4GHz wireless communication technology.
AT91SAM7X256 is select as master chip to meet the low cost and the performance requirements on the hardware system. The FLASH and SDRAM aren't needed to plug in for storage expansion.RTL8201L is chosen as PHY chip.STC series single-chip microcomputer and TI's CC2500 RF transceiver chip are chosen for giving a low-cost, low power consumption solution of wireless node.The node can be used in the indoor environment to transmit control and status information.In this system, home network and external network communicate with each other by PSTN or Ethernet.The gateway and wireless transceiver node using RS-232 for communication;.Wireless transceiver nodes with various information appliances using 2.4Ghz band wireless network communication.
TheμC/OS-II is introduced to the software to improve the concurrency and the response time of the system. In software design, it also applies watchdog timer, software trap, as well as adds summation check in the communication protocol to improve the system performance. Furthermore, based on internet technology, a reduced TCP/IP protocol is transplanted in the embedded real-time operating system.And website offlines are stored at Gateway, which enable the possibility of communication between the home gateway and external Internet network,and Web service in a family is also available.Therefore,it is possible for user to log in the host web page through the web browser whenever he is.Thus,remote control on appliance is implemneted.
本文分析了国内外信息家电产业的发展现状以及趋势,讨论了降低家庭网关成本以适应市场需求的方法,研究了嵌入式无线家庭网关的软硬件构成,设计并实现了基于2.4GHz短距离无线通信技术的嵌入式无线家庭网关的系统,还讨论了无线通信的实现部分。
为满足低成本和性能的要求,在硬件上系统采用低成本的32位基于ARM核的AT91SAM7X256芯片为主控芯片,无需外挂FLASH和SDRAM用于存储扩展。以太网PHY层芯片选用了成本低且易于设计的RTL8201BL。采用STC系列单片机和TI公司的CC2500射频收发芯片,给出了一种低成本,低功耗的、可以用于室内环境的短距离无线传输转发控制以及状态信息的节点。本系统中,家庭内网与外部网络采用PSTN或以太网进行通信;家庭网关与无线收发节点采用RS-232进行通信;无线收发节点与各个信息家电采用2.4Ghz频段的无线网络进行通信。
系统软件设计中引用了嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ,来提高系统的并发性,改善系统的响应时间;在软件设计中,通过采用看门狗定时器、设置软件陷阱和在通信协议中增加和校验来提高系统的健壮性。同时,基于Internet技术,在嵌入式实时操作系统上移植了精简的TCP/IP协议,并在网关中存储了脱机网页,使得家庭网关可以与外部Internet通信并且为家庭内部提供Web服务,用户可以在任何地方登录家庭网络界面,远程控制和监测自己家中的信息家电。
With the rapid development of the information appliance industry,modern people chase higher quality life.Traditional concept of the appliances can't meet the need that people pursuing high-quality modern life.However, these requirements can not be separated from home network, and embedded wireless home Gateway is the core of the whole home network system. its major figure is to connect the home internal network and public network together,and provide a platform for Internet access, remote control, as well as connecting the heterogeneous subnet in th house. Then the gateway combination of embedded technology, short-range wireless communication technology has become the focus of the study.
The domestic and foreign information appliances, as well as the development of this industry's trend is analyzed; the reducing the cost of home gateway to meet the market demand approach is discussed; the hardware and software composition of embedded wireless home gateway are focused on; the embedded wireless home gateway systems are designed and implemented based on the short 2.4GHz wireless communication technology.
AT91SAM7X256 is select as master chip to meet the low cost and the performance requirements on the hardware system. The FLASH and SDRAM aren't needed to plug in for storage expansion.RTL8201L is chosen as PHY chip.STC series single-chip microcomputer and TI's CC2500 RF transceiver chip are chosen for giving a low-cost, low power consumption solution of wireless node.The node can be used in the indoor environment to transmit control and status information.In this system, home network and external network communicate with each other by PSTN or Ethernet.The gateway and wireless transceiver node using RS-232 for communication;.Wireless transceiver nodes with various information appliances using 2.4Ghz band wireless network communication.
TheμC/OS-II is introduced to the software to improve the concurrency and the response time of the system. In software design, it also applies watchdog timer, software trap, as well as adds summation check in the communication protocol to improve the system performance. Furthermore, based on internet technology, a reduced TCP/IP protocol is transplanted in the embedded real-time operating system.And website offlines are stored at Gateway, which enable the possibility of communication between the home gateway and external Internet network,and Web service in a family is also available.Therefore,it is possible for user to log in the host web page through the web browser whenever he is.Thus,remote control on appliance is implemneted.
引文
[1]2006年“数字家庭”产业发展研究报告.http://data.chinabyte.com
[2]汪东升.基于BACnet的智能家居系统无线网关研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.2-3
[3]黄克强,吴明光.基于家庭总线的智能住宅.浙江大学学报,2002,36(6):616-620
[4]崔晶晶.基于嵌入式技术智能家庭网络系统的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2007.4-5
[5]王艳芳.基于ARM&LINUX的嵌入式家庭网关研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2006.9-10
[6]本刊编辑部.智能家庭网络的门户--家庭网关.数字社区&智能,2008.(10):27-29
[7]ATMEL Corporation.AT91 SAM Product Guide.2008
[8]ATMEL Corporation.AT91SAM7X Series Preliminary Summary.2006
[9]Realtek Semiconductor.RTL8201BL Reference Designs.2005
[10]申长军,吴庆宏.低功耗无线数字传输模块的设计与应用.电子技术应用,2004,(9):68-70
[11]Texas Instruments.CC2500 Datasheet.2007
[12]PHILIPS Semiconductors.PCF8563 Datesheet.1999
[13]Labosse Jean J.μC/OS-Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel.USA:R&D Publications,1992.5-8
[14]邵贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的应用与新发展.北京:北京航空航天大学,2003.2-5
[15]De M.Valentim R.A,Morais A.H.F.A Performance Analysis of the Ethernet Nets for Applications in Real-Time:IEEE 802.3 and 802.3 1Q.IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics,2008.956-961
[16]程明,余中华.μC/OS Ⅱ下LwIP协议栈的移植和测试.微计算机信息,2008,24(23):79-80
[17]Adam D.Design and Implementation of the LwIP TCP/IP Stack.Swedish Institute of Computer Science,2001.
[18]Chen W,Qiu SB,Zhang YC.The Porting and Implementation of Light-Weight TCP/IP for Embedded Web Server.WiCOM '08.4th International Conference on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing,2008.4109-4193
[19]Be Van Ngo,Law P,Sparks,A.Use of JTAG boundary-scan for testing electronic circuit boards and systems.AUTOTESTCON,2008 IEEE:17-22
[20]Holladay,D.W.Grigg,C.H.Equipment Performance Study on Voltage Regulators.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(4):2496-2512
[21]Aibe,N.Yasunaga,M.Reconfigurable parallel comparation architecture and its application to IP packet filtersProceedings 2003 IEEE International Conference on Field-programmable Technology(FPT),2003:363-386
[22]Zhao Mingmin,Su Donglin,Dai Fei.The effect of impedance matching to high-speed connectro's signal integrity.ISAPE 06.7~(th) International symposium onAntennas,propagation & EM Throey,2006:1-4
[23]EIA.EIA232 Standard.USA,1997
[24]宏晶科技.STC12LE5410AD Datasheet.2006.
[25]马永强,李静强,冯立营.基于Zigbee技术的射频芯片CC2430.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(03):45-57
[26]刘泉,李成.基于CC2500的无线信息家电节点设计.电子器件,2009,32(1):154-157
[27]Design-in of RF circuits.Nordic VLSI ASA.http://www.nvlsi.no.2002,12.
[28]黄智伟.无线发射与接收电路设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.40-50
[29]张建飞.低压电力抄表系统集中器部分的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.25-26
[30]Maxim Company,MAX1232 DATASHEET,2002
[31]Bo Jing,Jie Zhang,Zheng Qin,etc al.Design of Micro Wireless Network Measurement and Control Server Based on ARM and μC/OS-II.WCICA 2006.The Sixth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,2006:4453-4457.
[32]Chae,W.Blume,M.Building a Family of Compilers.12th International Software Product Line Conference,2008:307-316
[33]Boyle,J.M.Resler,R.D.Do you trust your compiler.Computer.1999,32(5):65-73
[34]焦海波,刘健康.嵌入式网络系统设计-基于ATMEL ARM7系列.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.142-143,165-166,297-318
[35]张琦,曹庆年.μC/OS-II操作系统在AT91SAM7X芯片中的移植.科技资讯,2008,(08):105-106
[36]Tianzhou Chen,Wei Hu.Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm Based on Set Division of Resource for Embedded Operating System.The Sixth IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology,2006:168-168
[37]Hasan,Md.Al Mehedi.Ahmad,Shamim Dvelopment of a highly optimized Preemptive Real Time Operating System(pRTOS).ICCIT 2008.11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology,2008:52-55
[38]Charles D,Knutson J,Sam Carmichael.Verification and Validation for Embedded Software.Embedded System,2001.vol8:32-42
[39]Dukels.Design an implementation of the LwIP TCP/IP Stack.
[40]Pérez,Sergio;Vila,Joan.A CORBA based architecture for distributed embedded systems using the RTLinux-GPL platform.Proceedings.Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,2004:285-288
[41]Hongzhe Xu Xiaohui Peng.Research and Application of Signal Mechanism in Remote Embedded Data-Gather System.PACIIA'08.Pacific-Asia Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application,2008,vol7:761-767
[42]Adam Dunkels,Leon Woestenberg,Christiaan Simons.Raw TCP/IP interface for lwIP.http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip.2008
[43]Goodacer,J.Sloss,A.N.Parallelism and the ARM instruction set architecture.Computer,2005,38(7):42-50
[44]Theodore S.Rappaport[美].无线通信原理与应用(蔡涛等译).北京:电子工业出版社.2004.31-41
[45]Chen Jun,Liang gaobo,Gao Yi.The Anti-jamming Performance of GPS/SINS Integrated System in White Noise Jamming Environments.ISAPE'06.7th International Symposium on Antennas,Propagation & EM Theory,2006:1-3.
[2]汪东升.基于BACnet的智能家居系统无线网关研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.2-3
[3]黄克强,吴明光.基于家庭总线的智能住宅.浙江大学学报,2002,36(6):616-620
[4]崔晶晶.基于嵌入式技术智能家庭网络系统的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2007.4-5
[5]王艳芳.基于ARM&LINUX的嵌入式家庭网关研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2006.9-10
[6]本刊编辑部.智能家庭网络的门户--家庭网关.数字社区&智能,2008.(10):27-29
[7]ATMEL Corporation.AT91 SAM Product Guide.2008
[8]ATMEL Corporation.AT91SAM7X Series Preliminary Summary.2006
[9]Realtek Semiconductor.RTL8201BL Reference Designs.2005
[10]申长军,吴庆宏.低功耗无线数字传输模块的设计与应用.电子技术应用,2004,(9):68-70
[11]Texas Instruments.CC2500 Datasheet.2007
[12]PHILIPS Semiconductors.PCF8563 Datesheet.1999
[13]Labosse Jean J.μC/OS-Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel.USA:R&D Publications,1992.5-8
[14]邵贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的应用与新发展.北京:北京航空航天大学,2003.2-5
[15]De M.Valentim R.A,Morais A.H.F.A Performance Analysis of the Ethernet Nets for Applications in Real-Time:IEEE 802.3 and 802.3 1Q.IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics,2008.956-961
[16]程明,余中华.μC/OS Ⅱ下LwIP协议栈的移植和测试.微计算机信息,2008,24(23):79-80
[17]Adam D.Design and Implementation of the LwIP TCP/IP Stack.Swedish Institute of Computer Science,2001.
[18]Chen W,Qiu SB,Zhang YC.The Porting and Implementation of Light-Weight TCP/IP for Embedded Web Server.WiCOM '08.4th International Conference on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing,2008.4109-4193
[19]Be Van Ngo,Law P,Sparks,A.Use of JTAG boundary-scan for testing electronic circuit boards and systems.AUTOTESTCON,2008 IEEE:17-22
[20]Holladay,D.W.Grigg,C.H.Equipment Performance Study on Voltage Regulators.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(4):2496-2512
[21]Aibe,N.Yasunaga,M.Reconfigurable parallel comparation architecture and its application to IP packet filtersProceedings 2003 IEEE International Conference on Field-programmable Technology(FPT),2003:363-386
[22]Zhao Mingmin,Su Donglin,Dai Fei.The effect of impedance matching to high-speed connectro's signal integrity.ISAPE 06.7~(th) International symposium onAntennas,propagation & EM Throey,2006:1-4
[23]EIA.EIA232 Standard.USA,1997
[24]宏晶科技.STC12LE5410AD Datasheet.2006.
[25]马永强,李静强,冯立营.基于Zigbee技术的射频芯片CC2430.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(03):45-57
[26]刘泉,李成.基于CC2500的无线信息家电节点设计.电子器件,2009,32(1):154-157
[27]Design-in of RF circuits.Nordic VLSI ASA.http://www.nvlsi.no.2002,12.
[28]黄智伟.无线发射与接收电路设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.40-50
[29]张建飞.低压电力抄表系统集中器部分的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.25-26
[30]Maxim Company,MAX1232 DATASHEET,2002
[31]Bo Jing,Jie Zhang,Zheng Qin,etc al.Design of Micro Wireless Network Measurement and Control Server Based on ARM and μC/OS-II.WCICA 2006.The Sixth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,2006:4453-4457.
[32]Chae,W.Blume,M.Building a Family of Compilers.12th International Software Product Line Conference,2008:307-316
[33]Boyle,J.M.Resler,R.D.Do you trust your compiler.Computer.1999,32(5):65-73
[34]焦海波,刘健康.嵌入式网络系统设计-基于ATMEL ARM7系列.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.142-143,165-166,297-318
[35]张琦,曹庆年.μC/OS-II操作系统在AT91SAM7X芯片中的移植.科技资讯,2008,(08):105-106
[36]Tianzhou Chen,Wei Hu.Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm Based on Set Division of Resource for Embedded Operating System.The Sixth IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology,2006:168-168
[37]Hasan,Md.Al Mehedi.Ahmad,Shamim Dvelopment of a highly optimized Preemptive Real Time Operating System(pRTOS).ICCIT 2008.11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology,2008:52-55
[38]Charles D,Knutson J,Sam Carmichael.Verification and Validation for Embedded Software.Embedded System,2001.vol8:32-42
[39]Dukels.Design an implementation of the LwIP TCP/IP Stack.
[40]Pérez,Sergio;Vila,Joan.A CORBA based architecture for distributed embedded systems using the RTLinux-GPL platform.Proceedings.Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,2004:285-288
[41]Hongzhe Xu Xiaohui Peng.Research and Application of Signal Mechanism in Remote Embedded Data-Gather System.PACIIA'08.Pacific-Asia Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application,2008,vol7:761-767
[42]Adam Dunkels,Leon Woestenberg,Christiaan Simons.Raw TCP/IP interface for lwIP.http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip.2008
[43]Goodacer,J.Sloss,A.N.Parallelism and the ARM instruction set architecture.Computer,2005,38(7):42-50
[44]Theodore S.Rappaport[美].无线通信原理与应用(蔡涛等译).北京:电子工业出版社.2004.31-41
[45]Chen Jun,Liang gaobo,Gao Yi.The Anti-jamming Performance of GPS/SINS Integrated System in White Noise Jamming Environments.ISAPE'06.7th International Symposium on Antennas,Propagation & EM Theory,2006:1-3.