川西南五指山—美姑地区勘探潜力评价与目标优选
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摘要
五指山－美姑地区前期研究成果显示出该区具有良好探勘前景，但目前对其主力烃源岩层、储层、圈闭条件等基础地质问题认识程度不够，该区是否也像四川盆地内一样发育多套烃源岩，其生烃能力如何，以及储层、圈闭条件等一系列问题还有待于进一步开展工作。本次论文充分利用前期勘探研究成果，结合野外地质工作，开展研究区烃源评价、储层评价、圈闭识别与描述、油气成藏分析等工作，对区内主要勘探目的层油气成藏主控因素进行研究，划分成藏组合，探讨可能的圈闭类型，评价其资源潜力，圈定下一步的有利勘探区域及目标。通过本次研究主要取得了以下认识。
（1）研究区发育龙马溪组泥质岩、筇竹寺组泥质岩、栖霞－茅口组碳酸盐岩等多套优质烃源岩，虽然目前都已处于高成熟－过成熟演化阶段，但资源量计算表明，研究区仍具备较充足的油气来源。就层系而言，龙马溪组烃源岩为研究区最好的烃源岩，资源量最高，生烃潜力最大；筇竹寺组烃源岩资源量次之。就各构造单元，雷波鼻凸和马边绥江凹陷资源量最为丰富，为最好的供烃区。
（2）发育多套碳酸盐岩储层，多以溶蚀孔洞型或裂缝型为主，未发现礁滩相优质储层；峨眉山玄武岩裂缝型储集层系是该区不可忽视的一套重要储集层系。
（3）研究区经历了志留纪末期的隆升、剥蚀，二叠纪中期玄武岩的喷发，喜山期水平构造挤压及晚期差异性垂直升降运动，而形成目前盆岭相间的断块构造格局。
（4）资料解释仅初步落实构造圈闭3个，而对非构造类圈闭的认识目前仅仅是建立在推测的基础之上，如嘉陵江组非构造类圈闭。
（5）推测油气的汇聚区主要集中于雷波鼻凸的中（偏北）部、凉东美姑断凹的东南缘和北部、马边－绥江凹陷的西部、沐川斜坡的南部。东部汇聚区与有利储层发育区、有利保存单元区基本相对应。
（6）邻区一系列油气藏（田）均具有多源供烃、晚期构造定型、多期聚集改造、后期油气转化这样一个共同特征，五指山－美姑区块在古构造条件（金阳－沐川－马边古隆起）、储集条件、源岩条件、保存条件、圈闭条件等具有较好相似性。
（7）雷波鼻凸北段综合评价为1类勘探区，可以作为下步勘探的主要目标区；马边－绥江凹陷、沐川斜坡南部为2类勘探区带；其它为3类勘探区带。
Previous research of the region which betweens Five Fingers Hill–MeiGu shows greatexploration prospects, however the basic geological elements which includes main sourcerocks, reservoir, trap conditions haven’t been figure out yet. Whether fields in this region areas developed as others in the Sichuan Basin, It’s still a question. According to previousexploration research and field geological work, we try to figure out the controlling factors oflocal oil and gas accumulation through evaluating hydrocarbon source and reservoir, trapidentification and description of oil and gas accumulation, etc. Then the type of play set,possible types of traps and further delineation of the favorable exploration area are presentedin this article. The major research results are as follow:
(1) In the study area，many sets of high-quality source rocks which include LongMaXimudstone, QiongZhuSi shale rock, QiXia-MaoKou carbonate and others developed.Although the source rock in study area has been at a high maturity-over-mature stages ofevolution, but the resource calculation shows that the study area still have ample sources ofoil and gas. In the layer system, the LongMaXi source rock is the best in our study area,QiongZhuSi source rock followed. In different tectonic units, LeiBo convex nose anddepression MaBian SuiJiang structure are the most abundant resources, it’s the besthydrocarbon source zone.
(2) Multiple sets of carbonate reservoir developed in this region, dissolution pores andfracture is the main reservoir space, there is no high-quality reef-phase been discovered,EMeiShan basalt fractured reservoir in this region shouldn’t be ignored in reservoir system.
(3) Study area experienced a late Silurian uplift, erosion, mid-Permian basalt eruption, the level of Himalayan tectonic compression and the vertical movement of the latedifferences, and then format current phase of the basin and range fault block pattern.
(4) Only3structural traps have been Initially implemented through data interpretation,while the understanding of non-structural traps in the current class is built only based onspeculation, such as non-structural class JiaLingJiang traps.
(5) We speculate the convergence zone of oil and gas is in the middle-north part of LeiboConvex Nose, southeastern and northern of Meigu, west of MaBian-SuiJiang, the southernside of slopes MuChuan. In the eastern of convergence zone, favorable reservoir developed inthe area, there is a correspondent relationship between convergence zone and favorablereservoir distribute.
(6) Near study area a series of oil and gas play (fields) all are a same feature——multiplehydrocarbons sources, the late tectonic setting, multi-phase migration, the late oil and gastransformation. The ancient tectonic conditions (JinYang-MuChuan-Mabian uplift), reservoirconditions, the source rock conditions, storage conditions, trap condition in region betweenFive Fingers Hill–MeiGu is similar with the series.
(7) The north section of Leibo Convex Nose is comprehensively evaluated as the firstcategory exploration area, which could be the main target area in further exploration.MaBian-SuiJiang depression, the southern of MuChuan is the second category explorationarea; others is the third category exploration area.
（1）研究区发育龙马溪组泥质岩、筇竹寺组泥质岩、栖霞－茅口组碳酸盐岩等多套优质烃源岩，虽然目前都已处于高成熟－过成熟演化阶段，但资源量计算表明，研究区仍具备较充足的油气来源。就层系而言，龙马溪组烃源岩为研究区最好的烃源岩，资源量最高，生烃潜力最大；筇竹寺组烃源岩资源量次之。就各构造单元，雷波鼻凸和马边绥江凹陷资源量最为丰富，为最好的供烃区。
（2）发育多套碳酸盐岩储层，多以溶蚀孔洞型或裂缝型为主，未发现礁滩相优质储层；峨眉山玄武岩裂缝型储集层系是该区不可忽视的一套重要储集层系。
（3）研究区经历了志留纪末期的隆升、剥蚀，二叠纪中期玄武岩的喷发，喜山期水平构造挤压及晚期差异性垂直升降运动，而形成目前盆岭相间的断块构造格局。
（4）资料解释仅初步落实构造圈闭3个，而对非构造类圈闭的认识目前仅仅是建立在推测的基础之上，如嘉陵江组非构造类圈闭。
（5）推测油气的汇聚区主要集中于雷波鼻凸的中（偏北）部、凉东美姑断凹的东南缘和北部、马边－绥江凹陷的西部、沐川斜坡的南部。东部汇聚区与有利储层发育区、有利保存单元区基本相对应。
（6）邻区一系列油气藏（田）均具有多源供烃、晚期构造定型、多期聚集改造、后期油气转化这样一个共同特征，五指山－美姑区块在古构造条件（金阳－沐川－马边古隆起）、储集条件、源岩条件、保存条件、圈闭条件等具有较好相似性。
（7）雷波鼻凸北段综合评价为1类勘探区，可以作为下步勘探的主要目标区；马边－绥江凹陷、沐川斜坡南部为2类勘探区带；其它为3类勘探区带。
Previous research of the region which betweens Five Fingers Hill–MeiGu shows greatexploration prospects, however the basic geological elements which includes main sourcerocks, reservoir, trap conditions haven’t been figure out yet. Whether fields in this region areas developed as others in the Sichuan Basin, It’s still a question. According to previousexploration research and field geological work, we try to figure out the controlling factors oflocal oil and gas accumulation through evaluating hydrocarbon source and reservoir, trapidentification and description of oil and gas accumulation, etc. Then the type of play set,possible types of traps and further delineation of the favorable exploration area are presentedin this article. The major research results are as follow:
(1) In the study area，many sets of high-quality source rocks which include LongMaXimudstone, QiongZhuSi shale rock, QiXia-MaoKou carbonate and others developed.Although the source rock in study area has been at a high maturity-over-mature stages ofevolution, but the resource calculation shows that the study area still have ample sources ofoil and gas. In the layer system, the LongMaXi source rock is the best in our study area,QiongZhuSi source rock followed. In different tectonic units, LeiBo convex nose anddepression MaBian SuiJiang structure are the most abundant resources, it’s the besthydrocarbon source zone.
(2) Multiple sets of carbonate reservoir developed in this region, dissolution pores andfracture is the main reservoir space, there is no high-quality reef-phase been discovered,EMeiShan basalt fractured reservoir in this region shouldn’t be ignored in reservoir system.
(3) Study area experienced a late Silurian uplift, erosion, mid-Permian basalt eruption, the level of Himalayan tectonic compression and the vertical movement of the latedifferences, and then format current phase of the basin and range fault block pattern.
(4) Only3structural traps have been Initially implemented through data interpretation,while the understanding of non-structural traps in the current class is built only based onspeculation, such as non-structural class JiaLingJiang traps.
(5) We speculate the convergence zone of oil and gas is in the middle-north part of LeiboConvex Nose, southeastern and northern of Meigu, west of MaBian-SuiJiang, the southernside of slopes MuChuan. In the eastern of convergence zone, favorable reservoir developed inthe area, there is a correspondent relationship between convergence zone and favorablereservoir distribute.
(6) Near study area a series of oil and gas play (fields) all are a same feature——multiplehydrocarbons sources, the late tectonic setting, multi-phase migration, the late oil and gastransformation. The ancient tectonic conditions (JinYang-MuChuan-Mabian uplift), reservoirconditions, the source rock conditions, storage conditions, trap condition in region betweenFive Fingers Hill–MeiGu is similar with the series.
(7) The north section of Leibo Convex Nose is comprehensively evaluated as the firstcategory exploration area, which could be the main target area in further exploration.MaBian-SuiJiang depression, the southern of MuChuan is the second category explorationarea; others is the third category exploration area.
引文
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