青藏高原东缘高寒地区土壤水分与土壤全碳空间异质性研究
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摘要
土壤水分是气候、植被、地形、土壤及人类活动等因素的综合反映,是土壤-植物-大气连续体的一个关键因子,是土壤系统养分循环和流动的载体,它不但直接影响土壤特性和植物生长,而且间接影响植被分布,并在一定程度上影响局地微气候的变化。土壤水分的空间异质性是各种生态系统的内在属性,这种异质性的强度和空间尺度无论对群落结构还是生态过程都具有及其重要的影响。碳是一切有机物的基本成分,是构成生物体的主要元素,约占生物体干质量的一半,碳循环及其空间分布与生态系统的维持、发展和稳定性机制有着密切的联系。土壤碳储量的库容量巨大,其较小幅度的变化就可能影响到大气排放,从而以温室效应影响全球气候变化,青藏高原东部边缘是全球气候变化极为敏感的区域,分布着大面积的高寒草甸、高寒草原和沼泽类草原,全球气候变暖导致该典型高寒生态系统急剧退化。土壤碳含量及其动态平衡也是反映土壤质量和草地健康的重要指标,直接影响着土壤肥力和草地生产力。本文采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,运用Kriging插值法和地统计分析,从多个样方尺度研究了青藏高原东缘高寒地区不同植被类型土壤水分与土壤全碳的空间异质性特征,结果表明:
1、高寒草甸土壤水分的空间异质性最高,而高寒灌丛的较低,沙化草地的空间异质性因受到多方面外界因素的影响而表现出不稳定的态势。
2、引起高寒草甸土壤水分的采样误差主要来源于微地形,而高寒灌丛和沙化草地的采样误差则主要来源于植被覆被变化及其带来的水分在空间上的再分配过程。
3、高寒草甸土壤全碳的空间异质性高于高寒灌丛。
4、引起高寒草甸土壤全碳的采样误差主要来源于淋溶背景下所引起的碳元素迁移、微地形以及草甸土壤水分状况,而高寒灌丛的采样误差则主要来源于样方尺度变化引起的植被覆被变化、碳沿坡面向下的元素迁移及灌丛土壤水分状况。
5、水分的富集引起土壤碳元素的迁移。
6、水分的富集或流失引起土壤中其他因子的变化,从而引起土壤全碳分布的改变。
由上述可见,在青藏高原东缘高寒地区,不同植被类型土壤水分与土壤全碳在不同空间尺度上所呈现出的异质性状况和控制过程,为更好的研究全球碳循环及其合理有效的控制生态因子提供了极为重要的科学依据。
Analyzing the spatial heterogeneity of soil water and soil total carbon of Alpine area in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from different plot scales occupying Kriging and geo-statistical methods.In this paper,the results are:the spatial heterogeneity of soil water in Alpine meadow is highest,however the spatial heterogeneity of soil water in Alpine shrubs is comparative low.What is more,the spatial heterogeneity of soil water in desert grassland shows unstable trend influenced by many outside factors.The main cause of sampling errors in Alpine meadow is micro-terrain,but the causes of sampling errors in Alpine shrub and Desert grassland are plant cover change and spatial partitioning of soil water.The spatial heterogeneity of soil total carbon in Alpine meadow is higher than that of Alpine shrubs.The main causes of sampling errors in Alpine meadow are transplant of carbon under the background of eluviation,micro-terrain and soil water content,but the causes of sampling errors in Alpine shrub are plant cover change,transplant of carbon along the slope and soil water content of Alpine shrubs.This shows that, small scales spatial heterogeneity and control process of soil water and soil total carbon in different plant covers provide scientific foundation to study the global carbon cycle further and to control the ecological factors effectively in alpine area of Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
1、高寒草甸土壤水分的空间异质性最高,而高寒灌丛的较低,沙化草地的空间异质性因受到多方面外界因素的影响而表现出不稳定的态势。
2、引起高寒草甸土壤水分的采样误差主要来源于微地形,而高寒灌丛和沙化草地的采样误差则主要来源于植被覆被变化及其带来的水分在空间上的再分配过程。
3、高寒草甸土壤全碳的空间异质性高于高寒灌丛。
4、引起高寒草甸土壤全碳的采样误差主要来源于淋溶背景下所引起的碳元素迁移、微地形以及草甸土壤水分状况,而高寒灌丛的采样误差则主要来源于样方尺度变化引起的植被覆被变化、碳沿坡面向下的元素迁移及灌丛土壤水分状况。
5、水分的富集引起土壤碳元素的迁移。
6、水分的富集或流失引起土壤中其他因子的变化,从而引起土壤全碳分布的改变。
由上述可见,在青藏高原东缘高寒地区,不同植被类型土壤水分与土壤全碳在不同空间尺度上所呈现出的异质性状况和控制过程,为更好的研究全球碳循环及其合理有效的控制生态因子提供了极为重要的科学依据。
Analyzing the spatial heterogeneity of soil water and soil total carbon of Alpine area in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from different plot scales occupying Kriging and geo-statistical methods.In this paper,the results are:the spatial heterogeneity of soil water in Alpine meadow is highest,however the spatial heterogeneity of soil water in Alpine shrubs is comparative low.What is more,the spatial heterogeneity of soil water in desert grassland shows unstable trend influenced by many outside factors.The main cause of sampling errors in Alpine meadow is micro-terrain,but the causes of sampling errors in Alpine shrub and Desert grassland are plant cover change and spatial partitioning of soil water.The spatial heterogeneity of soil total carbon in Alpine meadow is higher than that of Alpine shrubs.The main causes of sampling errors in Alpine meadow are transplant of carbon under the background of eluviation,micro-terrain and soil water content,but the causes of sampling errors in Alpine shrub are plant cover change,transplant of carbon along the slope and soil water content of Alpine shrubs.This shows that, small scales spatial heterogeneity and control process of soil water and soil total carbon in different plant covers provide scientific foundation to study the global carbon cycle further and to control the ecological factors effectively in alpine area of Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
引文
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