模拟取芯钻进工艺实验平台的设计与研究
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摘要
在地质钻井和石油钻井工作中,利用专门的取芯工具从井壁或井底取出一定数量的岩芯,通过对岩芯的分析与研究,了解地下岩层性质及其变化规律,以指导钻井作业。所以,取芯工作在油气田的勘探和开发、地质钻井工程中起着十分重要的作用。
设想在针对某些岩芯结构的取芯工作前进行一定的实验,对取芯钻进过程中的一些参数进行优化研究,制定出合理的取芯钻进参数,将有利于整个取芯工作的展开。鉴于这种设想,本课题结合井下取芯钻进的过程,通过简单而真实的效仿,研发出一种便于实验观摩、具有良好开放性的、基于PC的模拟取芯钻进工艺实验平台。
本论文先从实验平台的总体研究方案展开,分机械本体和控制系统两个方面来阐述,分析了其总体硬件构成,并选用了合适的软件开发平台。然后,介绍了实验平台的机械系统及其工作原理,设计了钻头的结构并详细分析了其钻削机理,随后对两套独立的液压驱动系统进行了详细的设计计算,并根据传感器的选用原则和实验平台要求测定的参数选用合适的传感器、根据传感器的信号输出方式和其它因素来选择相匹配的数据采集卡。最后,对实验平台的软件系统进行了研究及设计,主要利用最小二乘法曲线拟合原理,通过相应的编程处理得到实验平台所要求的性能。
During the work of geological and oil drilling, using special coring tools to extract a certain amount of rock-core from the wallside or the bottom of the well, through the analysis and research of the rock-core, we can find out the nature of the underground rock layer and its change rules, to instruct the well drilling work. Therefore, the work of core drilling plays an important role in oil-gas field exploration and exploitation and geological drilling project.
Assumed that carrying on some experiments before core drilling in certain core structure, conducting optimization to some parameters in the process of core drilling in order to formulate reasonable parameters for core drilling. After that, it would be propitious to the work of core drilling. In view of this assumption, the project links with the process of underground work done by the core lifter, through a simple and real imitation, we develope a kind of PC-based experimental platform, which is easy to observe and with good open, to optimize the parameters for simulation of core drilling.
Firstly, the paper starts from the overall research program of the experimental platform, then analyzes the entire hardware constitution of the platform and selects the appropriate software development platform. Secondly, it starts from the mechanical system of the experimental platform, then designs the structure of drill bit and detailedly analyzes its drilling mechanism, subsequently, elaborates two independent sets of hydraulically-driven system's design and some correlative calculation in detail. Thirdly, it chooses some sensors used by the platform one by one, then selects the matching data acquisition card according to the sensor's signal output way and other factors. Finally, it conducts certain research and design on the software system of the experimental platform, mainly uses the principles of the method of least squares for curve fitting, through some corresponding program processing to realize the performance which the experimental platform required, thus demonstrates the intuitive of the experimental platform.
设想在针对某些岩芯结构的取芯工作前进行一定的实验,对取芯钻进过程中的一些参数进行优化研究,制定出合理的取芯钻进参数,将有利于整个取芯工作的展开。鉴于这种设想,本课题结合井下取芯钻进的过程,通过简单而真实的效仿,研发出一种便于实验观摩、具有良好开放性的、基于PC的模拟取芯钻进工艺实验平台。
本论文先从实验平台的总体研究方案展开,分机械本体和控制系统两个方面来阐述,分析了其总体硬件构成,并选用了合适的软件开发平台。然后,介绍了实验平台的机械系统及其工作原理,设计了钻头的结构并详细分析了其钻削机理,随后对两套独立的液压驱动系统进行了详细的设计计算,并根据传感器的选用原则和实验平台要求测定的参数选用合适的传感器、根据传感器的信号输出方式和其它因素来选择相匹配的数据采集卡。最后,对实验平台的软件系统进行了研究及设计,主要利用最小二乘法曲线拟合原理,通过相应的编程处理得到实验平台所要求的性能。
During the work of geological and oil drilling, using special coring tools to extract a certain amount of rock-core from the wallside or the bottom of the well, through the analysis and research of the rock-core, we can find out the nature of the underground rock layer and its change rules, to instruct the well drilling work. Therefore, the work of core drilling plays an important role in oil-gas field exploration and exploitation and geological drilling project.
Assumed that carrying on some experiments before core drilling in certain core structure, conducting optimization to some parameters in the process of core drilling in order to formulate reasonable parameters for core drilling. After that, it would be propitious to the work of core drilling. In view of this assumption, the project links with the process of underground work done by the core lifter, through a simple and real imitation, we develope a kind of PC-based experimental platform, which is easy to observe and with good open, to optimize the parameters for simulation of core drilling.
Firstly, the paper starts from the overall research program of the experimental platform, then analyzes the entire hardware constitution of the platform and selects the appropriate software development platform. Secondly, it starts from the mechanical system of the experimental platform, then designs the structure of drill bit and detailedly analyzes its drilling mechanism, subsequently, elaborates two independent sets of hydraulically-driven system's design and some correlative calculation in detail. Thirdly, it chooses some sensors used by the platform one by one, then selects the matching data acquisition card according to the sensor's signal output way and other factors. Finally, it conducts certain research and design on the software system of the experimental platform, mainly uses the principles of the method of least squares for curve fitting, through some corresponding program processing to realize the performance which the experimental platform required, thus demonstrates the intuitive of the experimental platform.
引文
[1]杜书东.浅析提高破碎性地层常规取芯收获率的方法[J].中国高新技术企业(China High Technology Enterprises),2008(08)
[2] G?安德森.取芯和岩芯分析手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986
[3] Slade J..Development of Drilling Rigs.GEODRILLING,1991(7)
[4] Pearse G..Exploration Drilling Rigs.Mining Magagine,1986(2)
[5]田学信.HH-1型钻进式井壁取芯器的研制与推广运用.测井技术,2000,24(4):307～310
[6]卢晓丽,范继香.HH-2钻进式井壁取芯器的研制.石油仪器,2004,18(2):50～51
[7]赵晨光.NM117-Ⅲ型煤芯采取器.煤田地质与勘探,1995,23(5):63～64
[8]刘希圣主编.钻井工艺原理(中册),钻进技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1988
[9]姚建豪.HH-2型钻进式井壁取芯器[J].测井技术,2004(5):45～46
[10]史悼晖,王顺刚.旋转式井壁取芯器的应用.测井技术,1992,16(5):387～390
[11]王世沂.钻进式井壁取芯器推靠方法的分析.航天控制,1998(2):78
[12]王志信.井壁取芯技术的发展与应用.测井技术,1997,21(1):66～70
[13]刘勇,裴立岩.钻进式井壁取芯器.军民两用技术与产品,2003(10):32～33
[14]程林峰,马林,吴凤秋.完善旋转式井壁取芯器的综合性能.石油仪器,2000,14(3):12～15
[15] Halliburton Company.Coring Tool Service System.1992
[16] Allen Howland.Coring Device Taps Sidewall Samples.Drill Bit,1985:64～65
[17] Baker Atalas.Eclips570 System Service Manual.1996
[18] A.H.Jageler.New Well Logging Tools Improve Formation Evaluation.World Oil,1980:89-103
[19]任晓敏,张彦军,韩金峰.Eclips570测井系统配接旋转式井壁取芯器.测井技术,2003,27(2):169～170
[20] X.Tian and S.Tian.The wear mechanisms of impregnated diamond bits.Wear,177(1994):81～91
[21] American Coldsat Corporation:Diamond Drilling and Coring Seminar,37～40
[22]屠厚泽,高森.岩石破碎学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990,11
[23] Christensen Diamond Products Company:Diamond Drilling Handbook,Mar.1972,p.4.8,5.1-5.2,5.8,etc.
[24] D.A.Glowka.Use of single cutter data in the analysis of PDC bit designs: partl-- Development of a PDC cutting force model.J.Petrol.Technol.,41(8)(1989):797～849
[25]许福玲,陈尧明主编.液压与气压传动(第2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[26]隗金文,王慧主编.液压传动.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2003
[27]李壮云主编.中国机械设计大典(第5卷).南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2002
[28]赵尔信.金刚石钻头某些参数的计算方法[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),Exploration Engineering (Drilling & Tunneling).1981(02)
[29] Klein G.,Drummond T..Tightly integrated sensor fusion for robust visual tracking.In: British machine vision conference,vol.2,Cardiff,September 2002,pp.787～796
[30]程德福主编.传感器原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[31]鲍丙豪,周燕,许桢英编著.传感器手册.北京:化学工业出版社,2008
[32]北京传感星空自控技术有限公司.动态扭矩传感器801说明书.page:1～3
[33]广州信和光栅数显有限公司.信和光栅产品说明书.page:1～12
[34]北京传感星空自控技术有限公司.传感星空SBL数显靶式流量计选型说明书.page:1～17
[35]肖忠祥主编.数据采集原理.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001,2
[36]周振安,范良龙等编著.数据采集系统的设计与实践.北京:地震出版社,2005
[37]王利强,彭月祥,宁可庆编著.计算机测控系统与数据采集卡应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[38]张琳娜,刘武发.传感器检测技术及应用.北京:中国计量出版社,1999
[39]郑阿奇主编.Visual C++教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[40] Teunissen P. J. G.Nonliear least squares[M].Manuscripta Geodaetica,1990(15):137～150
[41] Dennis J. E.,Steihaug T..On the Successive Projections Approach to Least-Squares Problems.SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis,1986,23(4):717～733
[42] M.Sarfraz.Optimal curve fitting to digital data.Journal of the WSCG,11(1)(2003)
[43] J.Hickiewicz,K.Macek-Kamiaska,P.Wach.Algorithmic methods of induction machines parameters estimation from measured slip-curves[J].Archiv for Elektrotechnik,1989,72(4):239～249
[44] Gudmund R. Iversen,Mary Gergen,吴喜之等译.统计学基本概念和方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2000;纽约:施普林格出版社,1997
[45] J.C.Chambelland,M. Daniel,J.M. Brun.An iterative method for rational pole curve fitting.in:WSCG’2006 Short Paper Conference Proceedings,2006,pp.39～46
[2] G?安德森.取芯和岩芯分析手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986
[3] Slade J..Development of Drilling Rigs.GEODRILLING,1991(7)
[4] Pearse G..Exploration Drilling Rigs.Mining Magagine,1986(2)
[5]田学信.HH-1型钻进式井壁取芯器的研制与推广运用.测井技术,2000,24(4):307～310
[6]卢晓丽,范继香.HH-2钻进式井壁取芯器的研制.石油仪器,2004,18(2):50～51
[7]赵晨光.NM117-Ⅲ型煤芯采取器.煤田地质与勘探,1995,23(5):63～64
[8]刘希圣主编.钻井工艺原理(中册),钻进技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1988
[9]姚建豪.HH-2型钻进式井壁取芯器[J].测井技术,2004(5):45～46
[10]史悼晖,王顺刚.旋转式井壁取芯器的应用.测井技术,1992,16(5):387～390
[11]王世沂.钻进式井壁取芯器推靠方法的分析.航天控制,1998(2):78
[12]王志信.井壁取芯技术的发展与应用.测井技术,1997,21(1):66～70
[13]刘勇,裴立岩.钻进式井壁取芯器.军民两用技术与产品,2003(10):32～33
[14]程林峰,马林,吴凤秋.完善旋转式井壁取芯器的综合性能.石油仪器,2000,14(3):12～15
[15] Halliburton Company.Coring Tool Service System.1992
[16] Allen Howland.Coring Device Taps Sidewall Samples.Drill Bit,1985:64～65
[17] Baker Atalas.Eclips570 System Service Manual.1996
[18] A.H.Jageler.New Well Logging Tools Improve Formation Evaluation.World Oil,1980:89-103
[19]任晓敏,张彦军,韩金峰.Eclips570测井系统配接旋转式井壁取芯器.测井技术,2003,27(2):169～170
[20] X.Tian and S.Tian.The wear mechanisms of impregnated diamond bits.Wear,177(1994):81～91
[21] American Coldsat Corporation:Diamond Drilling and Coring Seminar,37～40
[22]屠厚泽,高森.岩石破碎学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990,11
[23] Christensen Diamond Products Company:Diamond Drilling Handbook,Mar.1972,p.4.8,5.1-5.2,5.8,etc.
[24] D.A.Glowka.Use of single cutter data in the analysis of PDC bit designs: partl-- Development of a PDC cutting force model.J.Petrol.Technol.,41(8)(1989):797～849
[25]许福玲,陈尧明主编.液压与气压传动(第2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[26]隗金文,王慧主编.液压传动.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2003
[27]李壮云主编.中国机械设计大典(第5卷).南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2002
[28]赵尔信.金刚石钻头某些参数的计算方法[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),Exploration Engineering (Drilling & Tunneling).1981(02)
[29] Klein G.,Drummond T..Tightly integrated sensor fusion for robust visual tracking.In: British machine vision conference,vol.2,Cardiff,September 2002,pp.787～796
[30]程德福主编.传感器原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[31]鲍丙豪,周燕,许桢英编著.传感器手册.北京:化学工业出版社,2008
[32]北京传感星空自控技术有限公司.动态扭矩传感器801说明书.page:1～3
[33]广州信和光栅数显有限公司.信和光栅产品说明书.page:1～12
[34]北京传感星空自控技术有限公司.传感星空SBL数显靶式流量计选型说明书.page:1～17
[35]肖忠祥主编.数据采集原理.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001,2
[36]周振安,范良龙等编著.数据采集系统的设计与实践.北京:地震出版社,2005
[37]王利强,彭月祥,宁可庆编著.计算机测控系统与数据采集卡应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[38]张琳娜,刘武发.传感器检测技术及应用.北京:中国计量出版社,1999
[39]郑阿奇主编.Visual C++教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[40] Teunissen P. J. G.Nonliear least squares[M].Manuscripta Geodaetica,1990(15):137～150
[41] Dennis J. E.,Steihaug T..On the Successive Projections Approach to Least-Squares Problems.SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis,1986,23(4):717～733
[42] M.Sarfraz.Optimal curve fitting to digital data.Journal of the WSCG,11(1)(2003)
[43] J.Hickiewicz,K.Macek-Kamiaska,P.Wach.Algorithmic methods of induction machines parameters estimation from measured slip-curves[J].Archiv for Elektrotechnik,1989,72(4):239～249
[44] Gudmund R. Iversen,Mary Gergen,吴喜之等译.统计学基本概念和方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2000;纽约:施普林格出版社,1997
[45] J.C.Chambelland,M. Daniel,J.M. Brun.An iterative method for rational pole curve fitting.in:WSCG’2006 Short Paper Conference Proceedings,2006,pp.39～46