非编码基因zm401对玉米小孢子发育的影响
|
摘要
高等植物雄性生殖过程发生在雄蕊内。花粉作为雄配子体,包含了与雌配子体结合完成受精过程所需要的全部遗传信息,在植物的整个生殖周期中发挥着重要作用。发育过程中发生的一系列事件是有时空顺序性的,而且特化细胞类型及其功能的建立及保持需要特定的几组基因的转录活化。植物雄蕊中花药内雄配子体发育的起始与成熟是由一系列基因所控制,在花粉母细胞减数分裂和形成小孢子期与后期形成雄配子过程中均有一系列基因调节。正是由于花粉的这一重要作用,使其成为生物化学和分子生物学领域研究基本规律性问题的首选对象。利用分子生物学手段对植物花粉发育过程中特异表达的基因的功能进行研究,对于我们从分子水平了解植物花粉的发育过程具有重要的意义。
本研究小组通过差异筛选法,并结合冷噬菌斑筛选,从玉米成熟花粉cDNA文库中克隆到一个玉米花粉特异表达的cDNA,采用5’RACE,3’RACE技术及重叠PCR获得了zm401cDNA的全长(1149bp)。Northern杂交表明zm401是一个玉米花粉特异表达的基因。采用生物学软件对zm401cDNA的全长序列和结构进行分析,发现zm401符合非编码RNA基因的特点,属于类似于mRNA的非编码基因这一类。为了进一步验证全长zm401能否编码小肽,本文对其全长cDNA进行了体外翻译。虽然没有翻译出小肽,但是还不能肯定地说全长zm401不编码。全长zm401究竟是以RNA还是小肽的形式起作用,还在进一步的研究中。
本文将全长zm401的抑制表达载体和ZM13启动子驱动下的超表达载体通过基因枪法导入玉米愈伤,经分子检测共得到16株Southern阳性转基因玉米,其中10株为转入抑制表达表达载体的转基因玉米,6株为转入超表达载体的转基因玉米。通过对转基因玉米雄穗表型变化进行分析发现,插入抑制表达载体的转基因玉米的雄穗外稃不张开,花粉不能散出;转超表达载体转基因玉米,雄穗顶端的小穗发育不良,不能长成正常大小,干瘪、枯死。对转基因玉米花药的组织切片显微结构进行观察,发现转抑制表达载体和ZM13启动子驱动的转超表达载体的转基因玉米小孢子空瘪、变形,无内容物,绒毡层与非转基因玉米相比出现退化延迟现象,花粉形态异常。通过对转基因玉米花药形态的观察及花粉活力的测定,表明全长zm401的转基因玉米花药出现退化或皱缩现象,花粉经I_2-KI染色后,明显可见淀粉积累减少,花粉形态异常且大小不一。在T1代转基因玉米中,同样可见花药退化或皱缩现象,花粉黑染率较低。从而证明全长zm401基因在小孢子和花药壁发育中具有重要的作用。为了进一步研究全长zm401的功能,我们将其全长cDNA转入烟草。全长zm401在烟草中异位表达时转基因烟草也表现出发育延迟,绒毡层退化延迟,小孢子减数分裂不同步的现象,表明全长zm401的确在小孢子和绒毡层发育中有重要作用。
Male reproductive processes in flowering plants take place in the stamen. The male gametophyte (pollen grain) of flowering plants is the producer and the carrier of gametes. In a single unit each grain contains all the genetic information required to unite with the female gamete at fertilization and to form a new sporophyte. The developmental events leading to anther formation and pollen release are exquisitely timed and choreographed. Transcriptional activation of specific gene sets is required for the reestablishment and maintenance of differentiated cell types and functions during anther development. The begaining and mature of male gametophyte of flowering plants are controlled by a series of genes in the male stamen. Genes regular meiosis of pollen mother cells, microspore forming stage and the forming process of the male gametophyte. Because of crucial function in the plant's reproductive cycle, pollen is the object of biochemical and molecular biological research. Identifying genes that are responsible for pollen development is very important.In our previous study, a cDNA library to poly (A) RNA isolated from mature pollen of zea mays was constructed. Differential screening and Cold-plaque screening obtained one cDNA fragment; designated zm401 (Zea mays), full length of zm401 cDNA was generated by 5' and 3' RACE method. zm401 cDNA was 1149 bp in length. zm401 was specifically or preferentially expressed in mature pollen. The analysis results by biologic software suggest that zm401 was one of a growing number of non-coding mRNA-like RNA transcripts that exert their cellular functions directly as RNA. We performed in vitro translation to further study if zm401 could be translated in vitro. The result that zm401 cDNA could not be translated confirmed the conclusion that zm401 could be a member of a new category of non-coding RNA. But we could not know if zm401 can be translated in vivo, or execute its function by RNA form. The exact functions of zm401 remain to be elucidated, and further analysis of zm401 may provide a way to elucidate the mechanism of anther development.To gain more information about the function of zm401 gene, plant expression vectors with zm401 RNAi construct and sense zm401gene promoted by ZM13 promoter were constructed. Maize embryogenic callus were transformed by microprojectile bombardment with these plant expression vectors. After selecting for hygromycin resistance, 10 plants with zm401 RNAi construct and 6 plants with sense zm401 respectively were obtained by genomic PCR, southern blotting analysis. The aberrant phenotypes were observed in the anther of the transgenic plants with zm401 RNAi construct and sense zm401 gene. The tassels of transgenic plants with zm401 RNAi construct could not open when the tassels of control plants did, and the top tassels of transgenic plants with sense zm401gene were dysplasia, shriveled and withered. Histological differences were observable for transgenic plants. Comparing the non-transformant with transgenic plant, microspores in the non-transforming were rounded normally; the shape of most of the pollen grains of transgenic plants became distorted. The degradation of the tapetum was delayed for transgenic plants. Most of the pollen grains in the transgenic plants were distored and were not stained with the solution of I2-KI, indicating the absence of
accumulated starch. In contrast, most of the pollen grains in the non-transformant were rounded and were deeply stained by solution of I2-KI. To further study the function of zm401, we transformed it into tobacco. All transgenic tobacco plants expressing zm401 showed various levels of sterility, ranging from abortive flower development to male sterility. Further analyses on anther development of transgenic plants indicated multiple abnormalities of anther development at late stages. These abnormalities include lagged degradation of the tapetum and connective tissue, failed deposition of fibrous bands in endothecium cells, and aborted pollen grain development. All these results strongly suggest that zm401 has
本研究小组通过差异筛选法,并结合冷噬菌斑筛选,从玉米成熟花粉cDNA文库中克隆到一个玉米花粉特异表达的cDNA,采用5’RACE,3’RACE技术及重叠PCR获得了zm401cDNA的全长(1149bp)。Northern杂交表明zm401是一个玉米花粉特异表达的基因。采用生物学软件对zm401cDNA的全长序列和结构进行分析,发现zm401符合非编码RNA基因的特点,属于类似于mRNA的非编码基因这一类。为了进一步验证全长zm401能否编码小肽,本文对其全长cDNA进行了体外翻译。虽然没有翻译出小肽,但是还不能肯定地说全长zm401不编码。全长zm401究竟是以RNA还是小肽的形式起作用,还在进一步的研究中。
本文将全长zm401的抑制表达载体和ZM13启动子驱动下的超表达载体通过基因枪法导入玉米愈伤,经分子检测共得到16株Southern阳性转基因玉米,其中10株为转入抑制表达表达载体的转基因玉米,6株为转入超表达载体的转基因玉米。通过对转基因玉米雄穗表型变化进行分析发现,插入抑制表达载体的转基因玉米的雄穗外稃不张开,花粉不能散出;转超表达载体转基因玉米,雄穗顶端的小穗发育不良,不能长成正常大小,干瘪、枯死。对转基因玉米花药的组织切片显微结构进行观察,发现转抑制表达载体和ZM13启动子驱动的转超表达载体的转基因玉米小孢子空瘪、变形,无内容物,绒毡层与非转基因玉米相比出现退化延迟现象,花粉形态异常。通过对转基因玉米花药形态的观察及花粉活力的测定,表明全长zm401的转基因玉米花药出现退化或皱缩现象,花粉经I_2-KI染色后,明显可见淀粉积累减少,花粉形态异常且大小不一。在T1代转基因玉米中,同样可见花药退化或皱缩现象,花粉黑染率较低。从而证明全长zm401基因在小孢子和花药壁发育中具有重要的作用。为了进一步研究全长zm401的功能,我们将其全长cDNA转入烟草。全长zm401在烟草中异位表达时转基因烟草也表现出发育延迟,绒毡层退化延迟,小孢子减数分裂不同步的现象,表明全长zm401的确在小孢子和绒毡层发育中有重要作用。
Male reproductive processes in flowering plants take place in the stamen. The male gametophyte (pollen grain) of flowering plants is the producer and the carrier of gametes. In a single unit each grain contains all the genetic information required to unite with the female gamete at fertilization and to form a new sporophyte. The developmental events leading to anther formation and pollen release are exquisitely timed and choreographed. Transcriptional activation of specific gene sets is required for the reestablishment and maintenance of differentiated cell types and functions during anther development. The begaining and mature of male gametophyte of flowering plants are controlled by a series of genes in the male stamen. Genes regular meiosis of pollen mother cells, microspore forming stage and the forming process of the male gametophyte. Because of crucial function in the plant's reproductive cycle, pollen is the object of biochemical and molecular biological research. Identifying genes that are responsible for pollen development is very important.In our previous study, a cDNA library to poly (A) RNA isolated from mature pollen of zea mays was constructed. Differential screening and Cold-plaque screening obtained one cDNA fragment; designated zm401 (Zea mays), full length of zm401 cDNA was generated by 5' and 3' RACE method. zm401 cDNA was 1149 bp in length. zm401 was specifically or preferentially expressed in mature pollen. The analysis results by biologic software suggest that zm401 was one of a growing number of non-coding mRNA-like RNA transcripts that exert their cellular functions directly as RNA. We performed in vitro translation to further study if zm401 could be translated in vitro. The result that zm401 cDNA could not be translated confirmed the conclusion that zm401 could be a member of a new category of non-coding RNA. But we could not know if zm401 can be translated in vivo, or execute its function by RNA form. The exact functions of zm401 remain to be elucidated, and further analysis of zm401 may provide a way to elucidate the mechanism of anther development.To gain more information about the function of zm401 gene, plant expression vectors with zm401 RNAi construct and sense zm401gene promoted by ZM13 promoter were constructed. Maize embryogenic callus were transformed by microprojectile bombardment with these plant expression vectors. After selecting for hygromycin resistance, 10 plants with zm401 RNAi construct and 6 plants with sense zm401 respectively were obtained by genomic PCR, southern blotting analysis. The aberrant phenotypes were observed in the anther of the transgenic plants with zm401 RNAi construct and sense zm401 gene. The tassels of transgenic plants with zm401 RNAi construct could not open when the tassels of control plants did, and the top tassels of transgenic plants with sense zm401gene were dysplasia, shriveled and withered. Histological differences were observable for transgenic plants. Comparing the non-transformant with transgenic plant, microspores in the non-transforming were rounded normally; the shape of most of the pollen grains of transgenic plants became distorted. The degradation of the tapetum was delayed for transgenic plants. Most of the pollen grains in the transgenic plants were distored and were not stained with the solution of I2-KI, indicating the absence of
accumulated starch. In contrast, most of the pollen grains in the non-transformant were rounded and were deeply stained by solution of I2-KI. To further study the function of zm401, we transformed it into tobacco. All transgenic tobacco plants expressing zm401 showed various levels of sterility, ranging from abortive flower development to male sterility. Further analyses on anther development of transgenic plants indicated multiple abnormalities of anther development at late stages. These abnormalities include lagged degradation of the tapetum and connective tissue, failed deposition of fibrous bands in endothecium cells, and aborted pollen grain development. All these results strongly suggest that zm401 has
引文
Aarts GM, Dirkse WG, Stlekema W J, et al. Transposon tagging of a male sterility gene in Arabidopsis. Nature. 1993, 363: 715-717
Aarts, M. G. M., Hodge, R., Kalantidis. Et al. The Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY 2 protein shares similarity with reductases in elongation/condensation complexes. Plant J. 1997, 12, 615-623.
Albertsen M. C. & R. L. Phillips. Developmental cytology of 13 genetic male sterile loci in maize. Can J Genet Cytol 23: 1981, 195-208
Amrein H, Axel R. Genes expressed in neurons of adult male drosphila. Cell, 1997, 88(4): 459～469
Angela M. Devlin, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Frederick E. Domann. et al. Tissue-specific changes in h19 methylation andexpression in mice with hyperhomocysteinemia. JBC Papers in Press. Published on May 17, 2005 as Manuscript M504815200
Anthony A. Millar and Frank Gubler. The Arabidopsis GAMYB-Like Genes, MYB33 and MYB65, Are MicroRNA-Regulated Genes That Redundantly Facilitate Anther Development. Plant Cell. 2005, 17: 705-721
Asad, S., Fang, Y., Wycoff, K. L., and Hirsch, A. M. Isolation and characterization of cDNAs and genomic clones of MsENOD40: Transcripts are detected in meristematic cells of alfalfa. Protoplasma 1994, 183, 10-23.
Askew D S, Li J, James N. lhle Retroviral insertion in the murine His21 locus activate the expression of a novel RNA that lacks an extensive open reading frame. Mol Cell Bio, 1994, 14(3): 1743～1751
Bai XF, Peirson BN, Dong FG, et al. Isolation and characterization of SYN1, a RAD21-1ike gene essential for meiosis in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell. 1999, 11: 417-430
Beadle G. W. Genes in maize for pollen sterility. Genetics 1932, 17: 413-431
Beals, T. P., and Goldberg, R. B. A novel cell ablation strategy blocks tobacco anther dehiscence. Plant Cell 1997, 9: 1527-1545.
Bedinger P. A., K. J. Hardeman & C. A. Loukides. Travelling in style: the cell biology of pollen. Trends Cell Biol. 1994, 4(4): 132-8.
Bhatt AM, Lister C, Page T, et al.. The DIF1 gene of Arabidopsis is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and belongs to the REC8/RAD21 cohesin gene family. The Plant J. 1999, 19: 463-472
Bhatt, A. M., Canales, C., and Dickinson, H. G.. Plant meiosis: The means to 1N. Trends Plant Sci. 2001, 16: 114-121.
Bonner, L. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. Anther dehiscence in Lycopersicon-esculentum Mill. New Phytol. 1989, 113: 97-115.
Bonner, L. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. Anther dehiscence in Lycopersicon-esculentum. 2. Water relations. New Phytol. 1990, 115: 367-375.
Burgess DG, Ralston EJ, Hanson WG, et al. A novel, two-component system for cell lethality and its usein engineering nuclear male-sterility in plants. Plant J. 2002, 31(1): 113-125
Campalans Anna, Adam Kondorosi, and Martin Crespi. Enod40, a Short Open Reading Frame-Containing mRNA, Induces Cytoplasmic Localization of a Nuclear RNA Binding Protein in Medicagotruncatula. 2004, 16(4): 1047-1059
Canales, C., Bhatt, A. M., Scott, R. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. EXTRA SPOROGENOUSCELLS (EXS), a putative LRR receptor kinase, S56 The Plant Cell regulates male germline cell number and tapetal identity, and promotes seed development in Arabidopsis. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12: 1718-1727.
Caryl, A. P., Jones, G. H., and Franklin, F. C. H. Dissecting plant meiosis using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. J. Exp. Bot. 2003, 54: 25-38.
Casson, S. A., Chillen, P. M., Topping, J. F., Evans, M., Souter, M. A., and Lindsey, K.. The POLARIS gene of Arabidopsis encodes a predicted peptide required for correct root growth and leaf vascular patterning. Plant Cell. 2002, 14: 1705-1721.
Charon, C., Sousa, C., Crespi, M., and Kondorosi, A. Alteration of enod40 expression modifies Medicago truncatula root nodule development induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 1953-1966.
Chaubal R. C., C. Zanella, M. R. Trimnell. Et al. Two male-sterile mutants of maize with an extra cell division in the anther wall. Am J Bot. 2000, 87: 1193-1201
Chaudhury, A. Nuclear genes controlling male fertility. Plant Cell. 1993,. 5: 1277-1283.
Chaudhury, A. M., Lavithis, M., Taylor, P. E. et al. Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: Structural analysis of premeiotic developmental mutants. Sex. Plant Reprod. 1994, 7: 17-28.
Chen, J. -H., Le, S. -Y., Shapiro, B. et al. A computational procedure for assessing the significance of RNA secondary structure. Comput. Applic. Biosci. 1990, 6: 7-18.
Chmelnitsky, I., Sobolev, I., Barg, R. et al. Isolation and preliminary characterization of tomato petaland stamen-specific cDNAs from a subtracted and equilibrated cDNA library. Euphytica. 2003,. 129: 229-236.
Coen. ES and Carpenter. R. The metamorphosis of flowers. Plant Cell. 1993, 5: 1175-1181
Compaan, B., Yang, W. -C., Bisseling, T. et al. ENOD40 expression in the pericycle precedes cortical cell division in Rhizobium-legume interaction and the highly conserved internal region of the gene does not encode a peptide. Plant Soil, 2001, 230: 1-8.
Crespi, M., Jurkevitch, E., Poiret, M. et al. enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a nontranslatable RNA involved in plant growth. EMBO J. 1994, 13: 5099-5112.
Crossley, S. J., Greenland, A. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. The characterisation of tapetum-specific cDNAs isolated from a Lilium henryi L. meiocyte subtractive cDNA library. Planta. 1995, 196: 523-529.
Dai Xiao-Yan, Yu J-J. Zhao Q et al. Non-coding RNA for ZM401, a Pollen-specific Gene of Zea Mays. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2004, 46: 497-504
Dandekar, T. and Hentze, M. W. Finding the hairpin in the haystack: searching for RNA motifs. Trends Genet., 1995, 11: 45-50.
Dawson, J., So zen, E., Vizir, I. et al. Characterization and genetic mapping of a mutation (ms35) which prevents anther dehiscence in Arabidopsis thaliana by affecting secondary wall thickening in the endothecium. New Phytol. 1999, 144: 213-222.
Dawson, J., Z. A. Wilson, M. G. M. Aarts. Et al. Microspore and pollen development in six male-sterile mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Bot. 1993, 71: 629-638.
De Blok M, Debrouwer D, Moens T. The development of a nuclear male sterility system in wheet. Expression of the barnase gene under the control of tapetal-specific promoters. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1997, 25(5): 433-442
Dickinson, H. G., and Bell, P. R. The changes in the tapetum of Pinus banksiana accompanying formation and maturation of the pollen. Ann. Bot. 1976, 40: 1101-1109.
Dickinson, H. G.. The fine structure of a peritapetal membrane investing the microsporangium of Pinus banksiana. New Phytol. 1970, 69: 1065-1068.
Dickinson, H. G.. The physiology and biochemistry of meiosis in the anther. Int. Rev. Cytol. 1987, 107: 79-109.
Doughty, J., Dixon, S., Hiscock, S. J. et al. PCP-AI, a defensin-like Brassica pollen coat protein that binds the S locus glycoprotein, is the product of gametophytic gene expression. Plant Cell. 1998, 10: 1333-1347.
Eddy, S. R. Noncoding RNA genes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1999, 9: 695-699.
Eddy, S. R.. Computational genomics ofnoncoding RNA genes. Cell 2002, 109: 137-140.
Edlund, A. F., Swanson, R., and Preuss, D. Pollen and stigma structure and function: The role of diversity in pollination. Plant Cell 2004,. 16 (suppl.): S84-$97.
Elena Rivas, Sean R. Eddy. Secondary structure alone is generally not statistically significant for the detection of noncoding RNAs. Bioinformatics. Oxford: Jul 2000. Vol. 16, Iss. 7; p. 583
Erdmann, V. A., Barciszewska, M. Z., Hochberg, A. et al. Regulatory RNAs. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001b, 58: 960-977.
Erdmann, V. A., Barciszewska, M. Z., Szymanski, M. et al. The non-coding RNAs as riboregulators. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001a, 29: 189-193.
Esau, K.. Anatomy of Seed Plants 1977 (New York: John Wiley).
Estruch, J. J., S. Kadwell, E. Merlin. Et al. Cloning and characterization of a maize pollen-specific calcium-dependant calmodulin-independant protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994, 91: 8837-8841.
Fedor MJ. Structure and function of the hairpin ribozyme. J Mol Biol, 2000, 297(2): 269～291
Feys, B. E, Benedetti, C. E., Penford, C. N. et al. Arabidopsis mutants selected for resistance to the phytotoxin coronatine are male sterile, insensitive to methyl jasmonate, and resistant to a bacterial pathogen. Plant Cell. 1994, 6: 751-759.
Fransz, P., de Jong, H., Lysak, M. et al. Interphase chromosomes of Arabidopsis are organized in well-defined chromocenters from which euchromatin loops emanate.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99: 14584-14589.
Furini, A., Koncz, C., Salamini, F. et al. High level transcription of a member of a repeated gene family confers dehydration tolerance to callus tissue of Craterostigma plantagineum. EMBO J. 1997, 16: 3599-3608.
Gary Ruvkun. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Glimpses of a Tiny RNA World. Science 2001; 294: 797-799
Gillet, Reynald; Felden, Brice. Emerging; views on tmRNA-mediated protein tagging and ribosome rescue. Molecular Microbiology, Nov2001, 2001, 42: 879～881.
Girard, G., Roussis, A., Gultyaev, A. P. et al. Structural motifs in the RNA encoded by the early nodulation gene enod40 of soybean. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31: 5003-5015.
Gisela Storz. An Expanding Universe ofNoncoding RNAs. Science. 2002; 296: 1260-1263
Goetz M, D. E. Godt, A. Guivarc'h, et al. Induction of male sterility in plants by metabolic engineering of the carbohydrate supply. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 6522-5527
Goldberg, R. B., Beals, T. P., and Sanders, P. M.. Anther development: Basic principles and practical applications. Plant Cell 1993, 5: 1217-1229.
Hansen. G. NTGLO: A tobacco homology of GLOBOSA floral homeotic gene of Antirrhinum majus: cDNA sequence and expression pattern. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1993, 239: 310-312
Hanson, D. D., D. A. Hamilton, J. L. Travis, et al.. Plant Cell 1989, 1: 173-179.
Hanson, M. R., and Bentolila, S. Interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear genes that affect male gametophyte development. Plant Cell 2004,. 16 (suppl.): S154-S169.
Haruhiko Teramoto, Tomoko Toyama, Go Takeba. et al. Changes in expression of two cytokinin-repressed genes, CR9 and CR20, in relation to aging, greening and wounding in cucumber. Planta. 1995, 196: 387-395
Helge Grosshans and Frank J. Slack. Micro-RNAs: small is plentiful. The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 156, Number 1, January 7, 2002 17-22
Heslop-Harrison, J. Cytoplasmic connections between angiosperm meiocytes. Ann. Bot. 1966, 30: 221-230.
Hihara Y, Hara C, Uchimiya H. Isolation and characterization of two cDNA clones for mRNAs that are abundantly expressed in immature anthers of rice (Oryza sativa L). Plant Mol Biol. 1996, 30: 1181～1193
Hill. J. P. and Lord. E. M. Floral development in Arabidopsis thaliana, comparison of the wild-type and the homeotic pistillata mutant. Can. J. Bot. 1989, 67: 2922-2936
Huttenhofer A, Peter Schattner, Norbert Polacek. Non-coding RNAs: hope or hype? 2005, 21: 289-297
Irish, V., Petal and stamen development. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 1999, 41: 133-161.
Ishiguro, S., Kawai-Oda, A., Ueda, J. et al. The DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 gene encodes a novel phospholipase A1 catalyzing the initial step ofjasmonic acid biosynthesis, which synchronizes pollen maturation, anther dehiscence, and flower opening in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2001, 13: 2191-2209.
Javier F, Palatnik, Edwards Allen, et al. Control of leaf morphogenesis by microRNAs. Nature, 2003, 425: 257～263
Jin, H. L., Cominelli, E., Bailey, P. et al. Transcriptional repression by AtMYB4 controls production of UV-protecting sunscreens in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 2000, 19: 6150-6161.
Jiunn-Liang Chen, Maria A. Blasco, and Carol W. Greider. Secondary Structure of Vertebrate Telomerase RNA, Cell 2000 100: 503-514.
Joyce, G. F. The antiquity of RNA-based evolution. Nature 2002, 418: 214-221.
Kaul, M. L. H.. Male-Sterility in Higher Plants: Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1988, 10. (Berlin: Springer).
Keijzer, C. J. The processes of anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal. Part Ⅰ. The opening mechanism of longitudinally dehiscing anthers. New Phytol. 1987, 105: 487-498.
Kelley, R. L., and Kuroda, M. I.. Non-coding RNA genes in dosage compensation and imprinting. Cell 2000, 103: 9-12.
Kerim, T., Imin, N., Weinman, J. J. et al. Proteome analysis of male gametophyte development in rice anthers. Proteomics 2003, 3: 738-751.
Kiss, T. Small nucleolar RNAs: An abundant group ofnoncoding RNAs with diverse cellular functions. Cell 2002, 109: 145-148.
Koltunow, A. M., J. Truettner, K. H. Cox et al. Different temporal and spatial gene expression patterns occur during anther development. Plant Cell 1990, 2: 1201-1224.
Kouchi, H., Takane, K., So, R. B., Ladha, J. K., and Reddy, P. M.(1999). Rice ENOD40: Isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules. Plant J. 18, 121-129.
Kuroda M, Meller V H. Transient Xist gence. Cell, 1997, 91(1): 9～11
Le, S. -Y., Chen, J. -H. and Maizel, J. Efficient searches for unusual folding regions in RNA sequences. In Sarma, R. H. and Sarma, M. H. (eds), Structure and Methods: Human Genome Initiative and DNA Recombination, Vol ⅰ, Adenine Press, 1990, 127-136.
Le, S. -Y., Chen, J. -H. and Maizel, J. Thermodynamic stability and statistical significance of potential stem-loop structures situated at the frameshift sites of retroviruses. Nucl. Acids Res., 1989, 17: 6143-6152.
Le, S. -Y., Chen, J. -H., Currey, K. M. and Maizel, J. A program for predicting significant RNA secondary structures. Comput. Applic. Biosci., 1988, 4: 153-159.
Leibovitch, M. P., Nguyen, V. C., Gross, M. S., Solhonne, B., Leibovitch, S. A., and Bernheim, A. (1991). The human ASM (adult skeletal muscle) gene: Expression and chromosomal assignment to 11p15. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180, 1241-1250.
Leighton, P. A., Ingram, R. S., Eggenschwiler, J., Efstratiadis, A., and Tilghman, S. M. (1995). Disruption of imprinting caused by deletion of the H19 gene region in mice. Nature 375, 34-39.
Li C-X, Liu J-Q, Yu J-J. et al. Cloning and expression analysis of pollen-specific cDNA ZM401 from Zea Mzys. J Agr Biotechnol, 2001, 4: 374-377
Lindsey, K., Casson, S., and Chilley, P, Peptides: New signaling molecules in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2002, 7: 78-83.
Liu, X. C., and Dickinson, H. G. Cellular energy levels and their effect on male cell abortion in cytoplasmically male sterile lines of Petunia hybrida. Sex. Plant Reprod 1989, 2: 167-172.
Looijienga L H, Verkerk A J, de Groot N et al. H19 in normal development and neoplasia. Mol Reprod Dev, 1997, 46(3): 419～439
Lowe, T. M. and Eddy, S. R. A computational screen for methylation guide snoRNAs in yeast. Science, 1999, 283: 1168-1171.
Lowe, T. M. and Eddy, S. R. tRNAscan-SE: a program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence. Nucl. Acids Res., 1997, 25: 955-964.
Macintosh, G. C., Wilkerson, C., and Green, P. J.. Identification and analysis of Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags characteristic of non-coding RNAs. Plant Physiol. 2001, 127: 765-776.
Mariana Lagos-Quintana, Reinhard Rauhut, Winfried Lendeckel, and Thomas Tuschl. Identification of Novel Genes Coding for Small Expressed RNAs. Science 26 October 2001; 294: 853-858
Mariani C, Beuckeleer MD, Truettner J, Leemans J, Goldberg R B. Induction of male sterility in plants by a chimeric ribonu-clease gene. Nature. 1990, 347: 737～741
Mariani C, Halluin C, Dickburt C, et al. The production and analysis of genetically-engineered male sterile plants of maize. In Abstr. 35th Annu. Maize Genetics Conf., p45. University Press, North Dakota State.
Martinez-Perez, E., Shaw, P., Reader, S. et al. Homologous chromosome pairing in wheat. J. Cell Sci. 1999,. 112: 1761-1769.
Mascarenhas, J. P., Gene activity during pollen development. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1990. 41: 317-338.
McConn, M., and Browse, J. (1996). The critical requirement for linolenic acid is pollen development, not photosynthesis, in an Arabidopsis mutant. Plant Cell 8, 403-416.
McCormick, S., Control of male gametophyte development. Plant Cell 2004, 16 (suppl.): S142-S153.
McCormick, S.. Male gametophyte development. Plant Cell 1993, 5: 1265-1275.
Mena M, Ambrose BA, Meeley RB. et al. Diversification of C-function activity in maize flower development. Science. 1996, 274: 1537-1540
Muschietti J, Dircks L, Vancanneyt G, Mccormick S. LAT52 protein is essential for tomato pollen development: pollen ex2pressing antisense LAT52 RNA hydrates and germinates abnormally and cannot achieve fertilization. Plant J. 1994, 6: 321～338
Nacken, W. K. E, Huijser, P., Beltran, J. -P., Saedler, H., and Sommer, H.. Molecular characterization of two stamen-specific genes,tap 1 and fil 1, that are expressed in the wild type, but not in the deficiens mutant of Antirrhinum majus. Moi. Gen. Genet. 1991, 229: 129-136.
Nelson C. Lau, Lee P. Lim, Earl G. Weinstein, and David P. Bartel. An Abundant Class of Tiny RNAs with Probable Regulatory Roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001; 294: 858-862
Pacini, E.. Tapetum and microspore function. In Microspores: Evolution and Ontogeny, S. Blackmore and R. B. Knox, eds (London: Academic Press), 1990, pp. 213-237.
Park, J. -H., Halitschke, R., Kim, H. B., Baldwin, I. T., Feldmann, K. A., and Feyereisen, R.. A knock-out mutation in allene oxide synthase results in male sterility and defective wound signal transduction in Arabidopsis due to a block in jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Plant J. 2002, 31: 1-12.
Paul W, Hodge R, Scott R et al. The isolation and chracterization of the tapetum-specific Arabidopsis thaliana A9 gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 1992, 19: 611-622
Pavy N, Rombauts S, Dehais P. et al. Evaluation of gene prediction software using a genomic data set: application to Arabidopsis thaliana sequences. Bioinformatics 1999, 15: 887-899
Preuss, D., Lemieux, B., Yen, G. et al. A conditional sterile mutation eliminates surface components from Arabidopsis pollen and disrupts cell signaling during fertilization. Genes Dev. 1993, 7: 974-985.
Qu L J, Zhang Y, Xie M, Gu H Y, Chen ZL. A chalcone synthase-like cDNA from rice anther. Sex Plant Repord. 1998, 43: 607～611
Rabitsch, K. P., et al.. A screen for genes required for meiosis and spore formation based on whole-genome expression. Curr. Biol. 2001, 11: 1001-1009.
Raghawan, V., Anther developmental biology in molecularembryology of flowering plants. V Raghavan, ed (Cambridge., UK: Cambridge university ppress). 1997, pp 120-15
Rainer B Lanz, Neil J McKenna, Sergio A Onate, Urs Albrecht, Jiemin Wong, Sophia Y Tsai, Ming-Jer Tsai, and Bert W O'Malley. A Steroid Receptor Coactivator, SRA, Functions as an RNA and Is Present in an SRC-1 Complex. Cell, 1999 97: 17-27.
Reznickova, S. A., and Dickinson, H. G.. Ultrastructural aspects of storage lipid metabolism in the tapetum of Lilium hybridum var. Enchantment. Planta 1982, 155: 400-408.
Rieu, I., Wolters-Arts, M., Derksen, J. Ethylene regulates the timing of anther dehiscence in tobacco. Planta 2003, 217: 131-137.
Robert J. Klein, Ziva Misulovin, and Sean R. Eddy. Noncoding RNA genes identified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. 2002, 99: 7542-7547
Robert J. Klein, Ziva Misulovin, and Scan R. Eddy. Noncoding RNA genes identified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. PNAS 2002; 99: 7542-7547.
Rohrig, H., Schmidt, J., Miklashevichs, E. et al. Soybean ENOD40 encodes two peptides that bind to sucrose synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99: 1915-1920.
Rosalind C. Lee and Victor Ambros. An Extensive Class of Small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science, 294: 862-864
Rubinelli, P., Hu, Y., and Ma, H. Identification, sequence analysis and expression studies of novel anther-specific genes ofArabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 1998, 37: 607-619.
Sablowski, R. W. M., and Meyerowitz, E. M. A homolog of NO APICAL MERISTEM is an immediate target of the floral homeotic genes APETALA3/PISTILLATA. Cell 1998, 92: 93-103.
Sanders, P. M., Bui, A. Q., Weterings, K. et al. Anther developmental defects in Arabidopsis thaliana male-sterile mutants. Sex. Plant Reprod. 1999, 11: 297-322.
Sanders, P. M., Lee, P. Y., Biesgen, C. et al. The Arabidopsis DELAYED DEHISCENCE1 gene encodes an enzyme in the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway. Plant Cell. 2000, 12: 1041-1061.
Sawhney, V. K. and Bhadula, S. K. Microsporogenesis in the normal and male-sterile stamenless mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Can J. Bot. 1988, 66: 2013-2021
Schopfer, C. R., Nasrallah, M. E., and Nasrallah, J. B. The male determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica. Science 1999, 286, 1697-1700
Schreiber D. N., J. Bantin & T. Dresselhaus, The MADS Box Transcription Factor ZmMADS2 Is Required for Anther and Pollen Maturation in Maize and Accumulates in Apoptotic Bodies during Anther Dehiscence, Plant Physiology 2004, 134: 1069-1079
Schwarz-Sommer. Z, Hue. I, Huijser. P, et al. Characterization of the Antirrhinum floral homeotic MADS-box gene deficiens: Evidence for DNA binding and autoregulation of its persistent expression throughout flower development. EMBO J. 1992, 11: 251-263
Scott M Hammond, Emily Bernstein et al. An RNA2directed nuclease mediates post2transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells. Nature, 2000, 404: 293～296
Scott R. J, M. Spielman & H. G. Dickinson, Stamen Structure and Function. Plant Cell, 2004. 16: S46-S60,
Scott, R., Dagless, E., Hodge, R. et al. Patterns of gene expression in developing anthers of Brassica napus. Plant Mol. Biol. 1991a, 17: 195-207.
Scott, R., Hodge, R., Paul, W. et al. The molecular biology of anther differentiation. Plant Sci. 1991b, 80: 167-191.
Shen J B, Hsu F C. Brassica anther- specific genes: characterization and in situ localization of expression. Mol Genet. 1992, 234: 379～389
Shen, J. B., and Hsu, F. C. Brassica anther-specific genes: Characterization and in situ localization of expression. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1992, 234, 379-389.
Singh. M. B., Hough. T., Theerakulpisut. P., et al.: Isolation ofcDNA encoding a newly identified major allergenic protein of ryegrass pollen: Intercellular targeting to the amyloplast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88: 1384-1388.
Sorensen, A., Guerineau, F., Canales-Holzeis, C. et al. A novel extinction screen in Arabidopsis thaliana identifies mutant plants defective in early microsporangial development. Plant J. 2002, 29: 581-594.
Sorensen, A. -M., Kro ber, S., Unte, U. S. et al. The Arabidopsis ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene encodes a MYC class transcription factor. Plant J. 2003, 33: 413-423.
Sousa, C., Johansson, C., Charon, C. et al. Translational and structural requirements of the early nodulin gene enod40, a short-open reading frame-containing RNA, for elicitation of a cell-specific growth response in the alfalfa root cortex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001. 21, 354-366.
Spena A, Estruch JJ, Prinsen E, et al., Anther-specific expression of the rolB gene of Agrobacterium-rhizogenes inscreas IAA content in anthers and alters anther development and whole flower growth. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1992, 84: 520-527
St. Johnston, D., and Nusslein-Volhard, C. The origin of pattern and polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 1992, 68: 201-219.
Stadler, R., Truernit, E., Gahrtz, M. et al. The AtSUC1 sucrose carrier may represent the osmotic driving force for anther dehiscence and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 1999, 19: 269-278.
Steiner-Lange, S., Unte, U. S., Eckstein, L. et al. Disruption of Arabidopsis thaliana MYB26 results in male sterility due to nondehiscent anthers. Plant J. 2003, 34: 519-528.
Stintzi, A., and Browse, J.. The Arabidopsis male-sterile mutant, opr3, lacks the 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase required for jasmonate synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97: 10625-10630.
Subramanian Senthil, Madge Y. Graham, Oliver Yu. et al. RNA Interference of Soybean Isoflavone Synthase Genes Leads to Silencing in Tissues Distal to the Transformation Site and to Enhanced Susceptibility to Phytophthora sojae. Plant Physiol. 2005, 137: 1345-1353
Takegami, M. H., M. Yoshioka, I. Tanaka et al. Characteristics of isolated microsporocytes from liliaceous plants for studies of the meiotic cell cycle in vitro. Plant CellPhysiol1981, 22: 1-10.
Tam W, Ben2Yehuda D, Hayward W S. bic, a novel gene activated by proviral insertion in Avian Leukosis Virus induced lymphomas, is likely to function through its noncoding RNA. Mol Cell Bio, 1997, 17(3): 1490～1502
Tatjana Peskan-Berghofer, Jana Neuwirth, Victor Kusnetsov, et al. Suppression of heterotrimeric G-protein β-subunit affects anther shape, pollen development and inflorescence architecture in tobacco. Planta. 2005, 220: 737-746
Taylor, P. E., Glover, J. A., Lavithis, M. et al. Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: Structural analyses of postmeiotic developmental mutants. Planta 1998, 205: 492-505.
Tenson, T., DeBlasio, A., and Mankin, A. A functional peptide encoded in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93: 5641-5646.
Tsuchiya, T., Toriyama, K., Ejiri, S. et al. Molecular characterization of rice genes specially expressed in the anther tapetum. Plant Mol. Biol. 1994, 26: 1737-1746.
Ursin, V. M., Yamaguchi, J., and McCormick, S.. Gametophytic and sporophytic expression of anther-specific genes in developing tomato anthers. Plant Cell 1989, 1: 727-736.
van de Sande, K., Pawlowski, K., Czaja, I., et al. Modification of phytohormone response by a peptide encoded by ENOD40 of legumes and a nonlegume. Science 1996, 273: 370-373.
Van der Meer, I. M., M. E. Stam, van A. J. Tunen, et al. Antisense inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis in petunia anthers results in male sterility. Plant Cell 1992, 4: 253-262
Van Trung Nguyen, TamaA s Kiss, Annemieke A. Michels. et al. 7SK small nuclear RNA binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK9/cyclin T complexes. Nature, 2001, 414: 322～324.
Vega, J. M., and Feldman, M. Effect of the pairing gene Ph1 and premeiotic colchicine treatment on intra- and interchromosome pairing of isochromosomes in common wheat. Genetics 1998, 150: 1199-1208.
Vershon, A. K., and Pierce, M. Transcriptional regulation of meiosis in yeast. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2000, 12: 334-339.
Volker A. Erdmann, Maciej S, et al. Collection of mRNA-like non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res., 1999, 27: 192-195
von Malek, B., van der Graaff, E., Schneitz, K. et al. The Arabidopsis male-sterile mutant dde2-2 is defective in the ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE gene encoding one of the key enzymes of the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway. Planta 2002, 216: 187-192.
Wakeley, P. R., H. J. Rogers, M. Rozycka. Et al. A maize pectin methylesterase-like gene, ZmC5, specifically expressed in pollen. Plant Mol. Biol. 1998, 37: 187-192.
Watanabe, T., Miyashita, K., Saito, T. T. et al. Comprehensive isolation of meiosis-specific genes identifies novel proteins and unusual non-coding transcripts in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29: 2327-2337.
Weigel, D and Meyerowitz, E. M. The ABCs of floral homeotoc genes. Cell. 1994, 69: 843-859
Wilson, Z. A., S. M. Morroll, J. Dawson, et al. The Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1) gene is a transcriptional regulator of male gametogenesis, with homology to the PHDfinger family of transcription factors. Plant J. 2001, 28: 27-39.
Woese, C. R. and Pace, N. R. Probing RNA structure, function, and history by comparative analysis. In Gesteland, R. F. and Atkins, J. F. (eds), The RNA World Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York, 1993, pp. 91-117.
Worrall D., D. L. Hird, R. Hodge, et al. Premature Dissolution of the Microsporocyte Callose Wall Causes Male Sterility in Transgenic Tobacco. Plant Cell 1992, 4: 759-771
Wright, S. Y., M. M. Suner, P. J. Bell, et al. Isolation and characterization of male flower cDNAs from maize. Plant J. 1993, 3: 41-49.
Xie, D. -X., Feys, B. F., James, S., et al. COI1: An Arabidopsis gene required for jasmonate-regulated defense and fertility. Science 1998, 280: 1091-1094.
Yang, Shulan., Lifen Xie, Huizhu Mao. et al. TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 Is Required for Cell Specialization in the Arabidopsis Anther. Plant Cell. 2003, 15: 2792-2804
Yang, W. C. & V. Sundaresan,. Genetics of gametophyte biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2000, 3: 53-57.
Yang, X., Makaroff, C. A., and Ma, H. The Arabidopsis MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH1 gene encodes a PHD-finger protein that is required for male meiosis. Plant Cell 2003, 15, 1281-1295.
Ylstra Bauke and Sheila McCormick. Analysis of mRNA stabilities during pollen development and in BY2 cells. 1999, 20: 101
Zhang S, Warkfenten D, Sun B, et al. Variation in the inheritance of expression among subclones for the inheritance unselected (UidA) and selected (Bar) trangenes in maize (Zea mays L). Theor. Appl. Genet. 1996, 92: 752-761
Zhao, D., and Ma, H.. Male fertility: A case of enzyme identity.Curr. Biol. 2000, 10: R904-R907.
Zhao, D. Z., G. F. Wang, B. Speal et al. The EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTE1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase that controls somatic and reproductive cell fates in the Arabidopsis anther. Genes Dev. 2002, 16: 2021-2031.
Zhiyuan Yang~*, Qingwei Zhu~(*2), Kunxin Luo~(*2) & Qiang Zhou~*. The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibitsthe CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase tocontrol transcription. Nature, 2001, 414: 317～322.
Zik, M., and Irish, V. F. Global identification of target genes regulated by APETALA3 and PISTILLATA floral homeotic gene action. Plant Cell 2003, 15, 207-222.
陈潜,汪迎春,张利明等.花药特异嵌合启动子的构建及雄性不育转基因拟南芥的获得.农业技术学报.2001,9(1):62-64
戴晓燕 玉米中类似于mRNA的非编码基因Zg401 cDNA的克隆及其在玉米花粉发育中的作用:[博士学位论文] 北京:中国农业大学,2003
黄大年,高振宇,华志华等.基因枪法在水稻工程育种中的应用.植物学通报.2001,18(3):283～287
瞿礼嘉,张毅,李春升等.对水稻MADS-box基因M79的表达模式和功能的分析.中国科学(C辑).2001,31(1):28～35
李成霞 玉米花粉中类似于mRNA的非编码RNA基因(ZM401)的克隆及其功能研究:[博士学位论文] 北京:中国农业大学,2001
廖荣霞,周建新.微RNA研究进展。生命的化学,2002,22(4):324～326.
童克中.基因及其表达(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,157～17.
吴梧桐.现代生化药学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002,99～106.
阎隆飞,刘国琴,肖兴国.从花粉肌动蛋白到作物雄性不育.科学通报,1999,44(23):2471-2475
张毅,瞿礼嘉,刘美华等.对一个在水稻雄蕊中大量表达的cDNA的结构和表达分析.科学通报.1998,43:607～611
郑宏红,瞿礼嘉,刘美华等.花药特异表达的类查尔酮合酶基因D5与水稻花粉发育有关.科学通报.2000,45(11):1132～1137
Aarts, M. G. M., Hodge, R., Kalantidis. Et al. The Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY 2 protein shares similarity with reductases in elongation/condensation complexes. Plant J. 1997, 12, 615-623.
Albertsen M. C. & R. L. Phillips. Developmental cytology of 13 genetic male sterile loci in maize. Can J Genet Cytol 23: 1981, 195-208
Amrein H, Axel R. Genes expressed in neurons of adult male drosphila. Cell, 1997, 88(4): 459～469
Angela M. Devlin, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Frederick E. Domann. et al. Tissue-specific changes in h19 methylation andexpression in mice with hyperhomocysteinemia. JBC Papers in Press. Published on May 17, 2005 as Manuscript M504815200
Anthony A. Millar and Frank Gubler. The Arabidopsis GAMYB-Like Genes, MYB33 and MYB65, Are MicroRNA-Regulated Genes That Redundantly Facilitate Anther Development. Plant Cell. 2005, 17: 705-721
Asad, S., Fang, Y., Wycoff, K. L., and Hirsch, A. M. Isolation and characterization of cDNAs and genomic clones of MsENOD40: Transcripts are detected in meristematic cells of alfalfa. Protoplasma 1994, 183, 10-23.
Askew D S, Li J, James N. lhle Retroviral insertion in the murine His21 locus activate the expression of a novel RNA that lacks an extensive open reading frame. Mol Cell Bio, 1994, 14(3): 1743～1751
Bai XF, Peirson BN, Dong FG, et al. Isolation and characterization of SYN1, a RAD21-1ike gene essential for meiosis in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell. 1999, 11: 417-430
Beadle G. W. Genes in maize for pollen sterility. Genetics 1932, 17: 413-431
Beals, T. P., and Goldberg, R. B. A novel cell ablation strategy blocks tobacco anther dehiscence. Plant Cell 1997, 9: 1527-1545.
Bedinger P. A., K. J. Hardeman & C. A. Loukides. Travelling in style: the cell biology of pollen. Trends Cell Biol. 1994, 4(4): 132-8.
Bhatt AM, Lister C, Page T, et al.. The DIF1 gene of Arabidopsis is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and belongs to the REC8/RAD21 cohesin gene family. The Plant J. 1999, 19: 463-472
Bhatt, A. M., Canales, C., and Dickinson, H. G.. Plant meiosis: The means to 1N. Trends Plant Sci. 2001, 16: 114-121.
Bonner, L. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. Anther dehiscence in Lycopersicon-esculentum Mill. New Phytol. 1989, 113: 97-115.
Bonner, L. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. Anther dehiscence in Lycopersicon-esculentum. 2. Water relations. New Phytol. 1990, 115: 367-375.
Burgess DG, Ralston EJ, Hanson WG, et al. A novel, two-component system for cell lethality and its usein engineering nuclear male-sterility in plants. Plant J. 2002, 31(1): 113-125
Campalans Anna, Adam Kondorosi, and Martin Crespi. Enod40, a Short Open Reading Frame-Containing mRNA, Induces Cytoplasmic Localization of a Nuclear RNA Binding Protein in Medicagotruncatula. 2004, 16(4): 1047-1059
Canales, C., Bhatt, A. M., Scott, R. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. EXTRA SPOROGENOUSCELLS (EXS), a putative LRR receptor kinase, S56 The Plant Cell regulates male germline cell number and tapetal identity, and promotes seed development in Arabidopsis. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12: 1718-1727.
Caryl, A. P., Jones, G. H., and Franklin, F. C. H. Dissecting plant meiosis using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. J. Exp. Bot. 2003, 54: 25-38.
Casson, S. A., Chillen, P. M., Topping, J. F., Evans, M., Souter, M. A., and Lindsey, K.. The POLARIS gene of Arabidopsis encodes a predicted peptide required for correct root growth and leaf vascular patterning. Plant Cell. 2002, 14: 1705-1721.
Charon, C., Sousa, C., Crespi, M., and Kondorosi, A. Alteration of enod40 expression modifies Medicago truncatula root nodule development induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 1953-1966.
Chaubal R. C., C. Zanella, M. R. Trimnell. Et al. Two male-sterile mutants of maize with an extra cell division in the anther wall. Am J Bot. 2000, 87: 1193-1201
Chaudhury, A. Nuclear genes controlling male fertility. Plant Cell. 1993,. 5: 1277-1283.
Chaudhury, A. M., Lavithis, M., Taylor, P. E. et al. Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: Structural analysis of premeiotic developmental mutants. Sex. Plant Reprod. 1994, 7: 17-28.
Chen, J. -H., Le, S. -Y., Shapiro, B. et al. A computational procedure for assessing the significance of RNA secondary structure. Comput. Applic. Biosci. 1990, 6: 7-18.
Chmelnitsky, I., Sobolev, I., Barg, R. et al. Isolation and preliminary characterization of tomato petaland stamen-specific cDNAs from a subtracted and equilibrated cDNA library. Euphytica. 2003,. 129: 229-236.
Coen. ES and Carpenter. R. The metamorphosis of flowers. Plant Cell. 1993, 5: 1175-1181
Compaan, B., Yang, W. -C., Bisseling, T. et al. ENOD40 expression in the pericycle precedes cortical cell division in Rhizobium-legume interaction and the highly conserved internal region of the gene does not encode a peptide. Plant Soil, 2001, 230: 1-8.
Crespi, M., Jurkevitch, E., Poiret, M. et al. enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a nontranslatable RNA involved in plant growth. EMBO J. 1994, 13: 5099-5112.
Crossley, S. J., Greenland, A. J., and Dickinson, H. G.. The characterisation of tapetum-specific cDNAs isolated from a Lilium henryi L. meiocyte subtractive cDNA library. Planta. 1995, 196: 523-529.
Dai Xiao-Yan, Yu J-J. Zhao Q et al. Non-coding RNA for ZM401, a Pollen-specific Gene of Zea Mays. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2004, 46: 497-504
Dandekar, T. and Hentze, M. W. Finding the hairpin in the haystack: searching for RNA motifs. Trends Genet., 1995, 11: 45-50.
Dawson, J., So zen, E., Vizir, I. et al. Characterization and genetic mapping of a mutation (ms35) which prevents anther dehiscence in Arabidopsis thaliana by affecting secondary wall thickening in the endothecium. New Phytol. 1999, 144: 213-222.
Dawson, J., Z. A. Wilson, M. G. M. Aarts. Et al. Microspore and pollen development in six male-sterile mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Bot. 1993, 71: 629-638.
De Blok M, Debrouwer D, Moens T. The development of a nuclear male sterility system in wheet. Expression of the barnase gene under the control of tapetal-specific promoters. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1997, 25(5): 433-442
Dickinson, H. G., and Bell, P. R. The changes in the tapetum of Pinus banksiana accompanying formation and maturation of the pollen. Ann. Bot. 1976, 40: 1101-1109.
Dickinson, H. G.. The fine structure of a peritapetal membrane investing the microsporangium of Pinus banksiana. New Phytol. 1970, 69: 1065-1068.
Dickinson, H. G.. The physiology and biochemistry of meiosis in the anther. Int. Rev. Cytol. 1987, 107: 79-109.
Doughty, J., Dixon, S., Hiscock, S. J. et al. PCP-AI, a defensin-like Brassica pollen coat protein that binds the S locus glycoprotein, is the product of gametophytic gene expression. Plant Cell. 1998, 10: 1333-1347.
Eddy, S. R. Noncoding RNA genes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1999, 9: 695-699.
Eddy, S. R.. Computational genomics ofnoncoding RNA genes. Cell 2002, 109: 137-140.
Edlund, A. F., Swanson, R., and Preuss, D. Pollen and stigma structure and function: The role of diversity in pollination. Plant Cell 2004,. 16 (suppl.): S84-$97.
Elena Rivas, Sean R. Eddy. Secondary structure alone is generally not statistically significant for the detection of noncoding RNAs. Bioinformatics. Oxford: Jul 2000. Vol. 16, Iss. 7; p. 583
Erdmann, V. A., Barciszewska, M. Z., Hochberg, A. et al. Regulatory RNAs. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001b, 58: 960-977.
Erdmann, V. A., Barciszewska, M. Z., Szymanski, M. et al. The non-coding RNAs as riboregulators. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001a, 29: 189-193.
Esau, K.. Anatomy of Seed Plants 1977 (New York: John Wiley).
Estruch, J. J., S. Kadwell, E. Merlin. Et al. Cloning and characterization of a maize pollen-specific calcium-dependant calmodulin-independant protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994, 91: 8837-8841.
Fedor MJ. Structure and function of the hairpin ribozyme. J Mol Biol, 2000, 297(2): 269～291
Feys, B. E, Benedetti, C. E., Penford, C. N. et al. Arabidopsis mutants selected for resistance to the phytotoxin coronatine are male sterile, insensitive to methyl jasmonate, and resistant to a bacterial pathogen. Plant Cell. 1994, 6: 751-759.
Fransz, P., de Jong, H., Lysak, M. et al. Interphase chromosomes of Arabidopsis are organized in well-defined chromocenters from which euchromatin loops emanate.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99: 14584-14589.
Furini, A., Koncz, C., Salamini, F. et al. High level transcription of a member of a repeated gene family confers dehydration tolerance to callus tissue of Craterostigma plantagineum. EMBO J. 1997, 16: 3599-3608.
Gary Ruvkun. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Glimpses of a Tiny RNA World. Science 2001; 294: 797-799
Gillet, Reynald; Felden, Brice. Emerging; views on tmRNA-mediated protein tagging and ribosome rescue. Molecular Microbiology, Nov2001, 2001, 42: 879～881.
Girard, G., Roussis, A., Gultyaev, A. P. et al. Structural motifs in the RNA encoded by the early nodulation gene enod40 of soybean. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31: 5003-5015.
Gisela Storz. An Expanding Universe ofNoncoding RNAs. Science. 2002; 296: 1260-1263
Goetz M, D. E. Godt, A. Guivarc'h, et al. Induction of male sterility in plants by metabolic engineering of the carbohydrate supply. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 6522-5527
Goldberg, R. B., Beals, T. P., and Sanders, P. M.. Anther development: Basic principles and practical applications. Plant Cell 1993, 5: 1217-1229.
Hansen. G. NTGLO: A tobacco homology of GLOBOSA floral homeotic gene of Antirrhinum majus: cDNA sequence and expression pattern. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1993, 239: 310-312
Hanson, D. D., D. A. Hamilton, J. L. Travis, et al.. Plant Cell 1989, 1: 173-179.
Hanson, M. R., and Bentolila, S. Interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear genes that affect male gametophyte development. Plant Cell 2004,. 16 (suppl.): S154-S169.
Haruhiko Teramoto, Tomoko Toyama, Go Takeba. et al. Changes in expression of two cytokinin-repressed genes, CR9 and CR20, in relation to aging, greening and wounding in cucumber. Planta. 1995, 196: 387-395
Helge Grosshans and Frank J. Slack. Micro-RNAs: small is plentiful. The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 156, Number 1, January 7, 2002 17-22
Heslop-Harrison, J. Cytoplasmic connections between angiosperm meiocytes. Ann. Bot. 1966, 30: 221-230.
Hihara Y, Hara C, Uchimiya H. Isolation and characterization of two cDNA clones for mRNAs that are abundantly expressed in immature anthers of rice (Oryza sativa L). Plant Mol Biol. 1996, 30: 1181～1193
Hill. J. P. and Lord. E. M. Floral development in Arabidopsis thaliana, comparison of the wild-type and the homeotic pistillata mutant. Can. J. Bot. 1989, 67: 2922-2936
Huttenhofer A, Peter Schattner, Norbert Polacek. Non-coding RNAs: hope or hype? 2005, 21: 289-297
Irish, V., Petal and stamen development. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 1999, 41: 133-161.
Ishiguro, S., Kawai-Oda, A., Ueda, J. et al. The DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 gene encodes a novel phospholipase A1 catalyzing the initial step ofjasmonic acid biosynthesis, which synchronizes pollen maturation, anther dehiscence, and flower opening in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2001, 13: 2191-2209.
Javier F, Palatnik, Edwards Allen, et al. Control of leaf morphogenesis by microRNAs. Nature, 2003, 425: 257～263
Jin, H. L., Cominelli, E., Bailey, P. et al. Transcriptional repression by AtMYB4 controls production of UV-protecting sunscreens in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 2000, 19: 6150-6161.
Jiunn-Liang Chen, Maria A. Blasco, and Carol W. Greider. Secondary Structure of Vertebrate Telomerase RNA, Cell 2000 100: 503-514.
Joyce, G. F. The antiquity of RNA-based evolution. Nature 2002, 418: 214-221.
Kaul, M. L. H.. Male-Sterility in Higher Plants: Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1988, 10. (Berlin: Springer).
Keijzer, C. J. The processes of anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal. Part Ⅰ. The opening mechanism of longitudinally dehiscing anthers. New Phytol. 1987, 105: 487-498.
Kelley, R. L., and Kuroda, M. I.. Non-coding RNA genes in dosage compensation and imprinting. Cell 2000, 103: 9-12.
Kerim, T., Imin, N., Weinman, J. J. et al. Proteome analysis of male gametophyte development in rice anthers. Proteomics 2003, 3: 738-751.
Kiss, T. Small nucleolar RNAs: An abundant group ofnoncoding RNAs with diverse cellular functions. Cell 2002, 109: 145-148.
Koltunow, A. M., J. Truettner, K. H. Cox et al. Different temporal and spatial gene expression patterns occur during anther development. Plant Cell 1990, 2: 1201-1224.
Kouchi, H., Takane, K., So, R. B., Ladha, J. K., and Reddy, P. M.(1999). Rice ENOD40: Isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules. Plant J. 18, 121-129.
Kuroda M, Meller V H. Transient Xist gence. Cell, 1997, 91(1): 9～11
Le, S. -Y., Chen, J. -H. and Maizel, J. Efficient searches for unusual folding regions in RNA sequences. In Sarma, R. H. and Sarma, M. H. (eds), Structure and Methods: Human Genome Initiative and DNA Recombination, Vol ⅰ, Adenine Press, 1990, 127-136.
Le, S. -Y., Chen, J. -H. and Maizel, J. Thermodynamic stability and statistical significance of potential stem-loop structures situated at the frameshift sites of retroviruses. Nucl. Acids Res., 1989, 17: 6143-6152.
Le, S. -Y., Chen, J. -H., Currey, K. M. and Maizel, J. A program for predicting significant RNA secondary structures. Comput. Applic. Biosci., 1988, 4: 153-159.
Leibovitch, M. P., Nguyen, V. C., Gross, M. S., Solhonne, B., Leibovitch, S. A., and Bernheim, A. (1991). The human ASM (adult skeletal muscle) gene: Expression and chromosomal assignment to 11p15. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180, 1241-1250.
Leighton, P. A., Ingram, R. S., Eggenschwiler, J., Efstratiadis, A., and Tilghman, S. M. (1995). Disruption of imprinting caused by deletion of the H19 gene region in mice. Nature 375, 34-39.
Li C-X, Liu J-Q, Yu J-J. et al. Cloning and expression analysis of pollen-specific cDNA ZM401 from Zea Mzys. J Agr Biotechnol, 2001, 4: 374-377
Lindsey, K., Casson, S., and Chilley, P, Peptides: New signaling molecules in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2002, 7: 78-83.
Liu, X. C., and Dickinson, H. G. Cellular energy levels and their effect on male cell abortion in cytoplasmically male sterile lines of Petunia hybrida. Sex. Plant Reprod 1989, 2: 167-172.
Looijienga L H, Verkerk A J, de Groot N et al. H19 in normal development and neoplasia. Mol Reprod Dev, 1997, 46(3): 419～439
Lowe, T. M. and Eddy, S. R. A computational screen for methylation guide snoRNAs in yeast. Science, 1999, 283: 1168-1171.
Lowe, T. M. and Eddy, S. R. tRNAscan-SE: a program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence. Nucl. Acids Res., 1997, 25: 955-964.
Macintosh, G. C., Wilkerson, C., and Green, P. J.. Identification and analysis of Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags characteristic of non-coding RNAs. Plant Physiol. 2001, 127: 765-776.
Mariana Lagos-Quintana, Reinhard Rauhut, Winfried Lendeckel, and Thomas Tuschl. Identification of Novel Genes Coding for Small Expressed RNAs. Science 26 October 2001; 294: 853-858
Mariani C, Beuckeleer MD, Truettner J, Leemans J, Goldberg R B. Induction of male sterility in plants by a chimeric ribonu-clease gene. Nature. 1990, 347: 737～741
Mariani C, Halluin C, Dickburt C, et al. The production and analysis of genetically-engineered male sterile plants of maize. In Abstr. 35th Annu. Maize Genetics Conf., p45. University Press, North Dakota State.
Martinez-Perez, E., Shaw, P., Reader, S. et al. Homologous chromosome pairing in wheat. J. Cell Sci. 1999,. 112: 1761-1769.
Mascarenhas, J. P., Gene activity during pollen development. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1990. 41: 317-338.
McConn, M., and Browse, J. (1996). The critical requirement for linolenic acid is pollen development, not photosynthesis, in an Arabidopsis mutant. Plant Cell 8, 403-416.
McCormick, S., Control of male gametophyte development. Plant Cell 2004, 16 (suppl.): S142-S153.
McCormick, S.. Male gametophyte development. Plant Cell 1993, 5: 1265-1275.
Mena M, Ambrose BA, Meeley RB. et al. Diversification of C-function activity in maize flower development. Science. 1996, 274: 1537-1540
Muschietti J, Dircks L, Vancanneyt G, Mccormick S. LAT52 protein is essential for tomato pollen development: pollen ex2pressing antisense LAT52 RNA hydrates and germinates abnormally and cannot achieve fertilization. Plant J. 1994, 6: 321～338
Nacken, W. K. E, Huijser, P., Beltran, J. -P., Saedler, H., and Sommer, H.. Molecular characterization of two stamen-specific genes,tap 1 and fil 1, that are expressed in the wild type, but not in the deficiens mutant of Antirrhinum majus. Moi. Gen. Genet. 1991, 229: 129-136.
Nelson C. Lau, Lee P. Lim, Earl G. Weinstein, and David P. Bartel. An Abundant Class of Tiny RNAs with Probable Regulatory Roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001; 294: 858-862
Pacini, E.. Tapetum and microspore function. In Microspores: Evolution and Ontogeny, S. Blackmore and R. B. Knox, eds (London: Academic Press), 1990, pp. 213-237.
Park, J. -H., Halitschke, R., Kim, H. B., Baldwin, I. T., Feldmann, K. A., and Feyereisen, R.. A knock-out mutation in allene oxide synthase results in male sterility and defective wound signal transduction in Arabidopsis due to a block in jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Plant J. 2002, 31: 1-12.
Paul W, Hodge R, Scott R et al. The isolation and chracterization of the tapetum-specific Arabidopsis thaliana A9 gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 1992, 19: 611-622
Pavy N, Rombauts S, Dehais P. et al. Evaluation of gene prediction software using a genomic data set: application to Arabidopsis thaliana sequences. Bioinformatics 1999, 15: 887-899
Preuss, D., Lemieux, B., Yen, G. et al. A conditional sterile mutation eliminates surface components from Arabidopsis pollen and disrupts cell signaling during fertilization. Genes Dev. 1993, 7: 974-985.
Qu L J, Zhang Y, Xie M, Gu H Y, Chen ZL. A chalcone synthase-like cDNA from rice anther. Sex Plant Repord. 1998, 43: 607～611
Rabitsch, K. P., et al.. A screen for genes required for meiosis and spore formation based on whole-genome expression. Curr. Biol. 2001, 11: 1001-1009.
Raghawan, V., Anther developmental biology in molecularembryology of flowering plants. V Raghavan, ed (Cambridge., UK: Cambridge university ppress). 1997, pp 120-15
Rainer B Lanz, Neil J McKenna, Sergio A Onate, Urs Albrecht, Jiemin Wong, Sophia Y Tsai, Ming-Jer Tsai, and Bert W O'Malley. A Steroid Receptor Coactivator, SRA, Functions as an RNA and Is Present in an SRC-1 Complex. Cell, 1999 97: 17-27.
Reznickova, S. A., and Dickinson, H. G.. Ultrastructural aspects of storage lipid metabolism in the tapetum of Lilium hybridum var. Enchantment. Planta 1982, 155: 400-408.
Rieu, I., Wolters-Arts, M., Derksen, J. Ethylene regulates the timing of anther dehiscence in tobacco. Planta 2003, 217: 131-137.
Robert J. Klein, Ziva Misulovin, and Sean R. Eddy. Noncoding RNA genes identified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. 2002, 99: 7542-7547
Robert J. Klein, Ziva Misulovin, and Scan R. Eddy. Noncoding RNA genes identified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. PNAS 2002; 99: 7542-7547.
Rohrig, H., Schmidt, J., Miklashevichs, E. et al. Soybean ENOD40 encodes two peptides that bind to sucrose synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99: 1915-1920.
Rosalind C. Lee and Victor Ambros. An Extensive Class of Small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science, 294: 862-864
Rubinelli, P., Hu, Y., and Ma, H. Identification, sequence analysis and expression studies of novel anther-specific genes ofArabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 1998, 37: 607-619.
Sablowski, R. W. M., and Meyerowitz, E. M. A homolog of NO APICAL MERISTEM is an immediate target of the floral homeotic genes APETALA3/PISTILLATA. Cell 1998, 92: 93-103.
Sanders, P. M., Bui, A. Q., Weterings, K. et al. Anther developmental defects in Arabidopsis thaliana male-sterile mutants. Sex. Plant Reprod. 1999, 11: 297-322.
Sanders, P. M., Lee, P. Y., Biesgen, C. et al. The Arabidopsis DELAYED DEHISCENCE1 gene encodes an enzyme in the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway. Plant Cell. 2000, 12: 1041-1061.
Sawhney, V. K. and Bhadula, S. K. Microsporogenesis in the normal and male-sterile stamenless mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Can J. Bot. 1988, 66: 2013-2021
Schopfer, C. R., Nasrallah, M. E., and Nasrallah, J. B. The male determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica. Science 1999, 286, 1697-1700
Schreiber D. N., J. Bantin & T. Dresselhaus, The MADS Box Transcription Factor ZmMADS2 Is Required for Anther and Pollen Maturation in Maize and Accumulates in Apoptotic Bodies during Anther Dehiscence, Plant Physiology 2004, 134: 1069-1079
Schwarz-Sommer. Z, Hue. I, Huijser. P, et al. Characterization of the Antirrhinum floral homeotic MADS-box gene deficiens: Evidence for DNA binding and autoregulation of its persistent expression throughout flower development. EMBO J. 1992, 11: 251-263
Scott M Hammond, Emily Bernstein et al. An RNA2directed nuclease mediates post2transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells. Nature, 2000, 404: 293～296
Scott R. J, M. Spielman & H. G. Dickinson, Stamen Structure and Function. Plant Cell, 2004. 16: S46-S60,
Scott, R., Dagless, E., Hodge, R. et al. Patterns of gene expression in developing anthers of Brassica napus. Plant Mol. Biol. 1991a, 17: 195-207.
Scott, R., Hodge, R., Paul, W. et al. The molecular biology of anther differentiation. Plant Sci. 1991b, 80: 167-191.
Shen J B, Hsu F C. Brassica anther- specific genes: characterization and in situ localization of expression. Mol Genet. 1992, 234: 379～389
Shen, J. B., and Hsu, F. C. Brassica anther-specific genes: Characterization and in situ localization of expression. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1992, 234, 379-389.
Singh. M. B., Hough. T., Theerakulpisut. P., et al.: Isolation ofcDNA encoding a newly identified major allergenic protein of ryegrass pollen: Intercellular targeting to the amyloplast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88: 1384-1388.
Sorensen, A., Guerineau, F., Canales-Holzeis, C. et al. A novel extinction screen in Arabidopsis thaliana identifies mutant plants defective in early microsporangial development. Plant J. 2002, 29: 581-594.
Sorensen, A. -M., Kro ber, S., Unte, U. S. et al. The Arabidopsis ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene encodes a MYC class transcription factor. Plant J. 2003, 33: 413-423.
Sousa, C., Johansson, C., Charon, C. et al. Translational and structural requirements of the early nodulin gene enod40, a short-open reading frame-containing RNA, for elicitation of a cell-specific growth response in the alfalfa root cortex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001. 21, 354-366.
Spena A, Estruch JJ, Prinsen E, et al., Anther-specific expression of the rolB gene of Agrobacterium-rhizogenes inscreas IAA content in anthers and alters anther development and whole flower growth. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1992, 84: 520-527
St. Johnston, D., and Nusslein-Volhard, C. The origin of pattern and polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 1992, 68: 201-219.
Stadler, R., Truernit, E., Gahrtz, M. et al. The AtSUC1 sucrose carrier may represent the osmotic driving force for anther dehiscence and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 1999, 19: 269-278.
Steiner-Lange, S., Unte, U. S., Eckstein, L. et al. Disruption of Arabidopsis thaliana MYB26 results in male sterility due to nondehiscent anthers. Plant J. 2003, 34: 519-528.
Stintzi, A., and Browse, J.. The Arabidopsis male-sterile mutant, opr3, lacks the 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase required for jasmonate synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97: 10625-10630.
Subramanian Senthil, Madge Y. Graham, Oliver Yu. et al. RNA Interference of Soybean Isoflavone Synthase Genes Leads to Silencing in Tissues Distal to the Transformation Site and to Enhanced Susceptibility to Phytophthora sojae. Plant Physiol. 2005, 137: 1345-1353
Takegami, M. H., M. Yoshioka, I. Tanaka et al. Characteristics of isolated microsporocytes from liliaceous plants for studies of the meiotic cell cycle in vitro. Plant CellPhysiol1981, 22: 1-10.
Tam W, Ben2Yehuda D, Hayward W S. bic, a novel gene activated by proviral insertion in Avian Leukosis Virus induced lymphomas, is likely to function through its noncoding RNA. Mol Cell Bio, 1997, 17(3): 1490～1502
Tatjana Peskan-Berghofer, Jana Neuwirth, Victor Kusnetsov, et al. Suppression of heterotrimeric G-protein β-subunit affects anther shape, pollen development and inflorescence architecture in tobacco. Planta. 2005, 220: 737-746
Taylor, P. E., Glover, J. A., Lavithis, M. et al. Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: Structural analyses of postmeiotic developmental mutants. Planta 1998, 205: 492-505.
Tenson, T., DeBlasio, A., and Mankin, A. A functional peptide encoded in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93: 5641-5646.
Tsuchiya, T., Toriyama, K., Ejiri, S. et al. Molecular characterization of rice genes specially expressed in the anther tapetum. Plant Mol. Biol. 1994, 26: 1737-1746.
Ursin, V. M., Yamaguchi, J., and McCormick, S.. Gametophytic and sporophytic expression of anther-specific genes in developing tomato anthers. Plant Cell 1989, 1: 727-736.
van de Sande, K., Pawlowski, K., Czaja, I., et al. Modification of phytohormone response by a peptide encoded by ENOD40 of legumes and a nonlegume. Science 1996, 273: 370-373.
Van der Meer, I. M., M. E. Stam, van A. J. Tunen, et al. Antisense inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis in petunia anthers results in male sterility. Plant Cell 1992, 4: 253-262
Van Trung Nguyen, TamaA s Kiss, Annemieke A. Michels. et al. 7SK small nuclear RNA binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK9/cyclin T complexes. Nature, 2001, 414: 322～324.
Vega, J. M., and Feldman, M. Effect of the pairing gene Ph1 and premeiotic colchicine treatment on intra- and interchromosome pairing of isochromosomes in common wheat. Genetics 1998, 150: 1199-1208.
Vershon, A. K., and Pierce, M. Transcriptional regulation of meiosis in yeast. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2000, 12: 334-339.
Volker A. Erdmann, Maciej S, et al. Collection of mRNA-like non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res., 1999, 27: 192-195
von Malek, B., van der Graaff, E., Schneitz, K. et al. The Arabidopsis male-sterile mutant dde2-2 is defective in the ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE gene encoding one of the key enzymes of the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway. Planta 2002, 216: 187-192.
Wakeley, P. R., H. J. Rogers, M. Rozycka. Et al. A maize pectin methylesterase-like gene, ZmC5, specifically expressed in pollen. Plant Mol. Biol. 1998, 37: 187-192.
Watanabe, T., Miyashita, K., Saito, T. T. et al. Comprehensive isolation of meiosis-specific genes identifies novel proteins and unusual non-coding transcripts in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29: 2327-2337.
Weigel, D and Meyerowitz, E. M. The ABCs of floral homeotoc genes. Cell. 1994, 69: 843-859
Wilson, Z. A., S. M. Morroll, J. Dawson, et al. The Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1) gene is a transcriptional regulator of male gametogenesis, with homology to the PHDfinger family of transcription factors. Plant J. 2001, 28: 27-39.
Woese, C. R. and Pace, N. R. Probing RNA structure, function, and history by comparative analysis. In Gesteland, R. F. and Atkins, J. F. (eds), The RNA World Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York, 1993, pp. 91-117.
Worrall D., D. L. Hird, R. Hodge, et al. Premature Dissolution of the Microsporocyte Callose Wall Causes Male Sterility in Transgenic Tobacco. Plant Cell 1992, 4: 759-771
Wright, S. Y., M. M. Suner, P. J. Bell, et al. Isolation and characterization of male flower cDNAs from maize. Plant J. 1993, 3: 41-49.
Xie, D. -X., Feys, B. F., James, S., et al. COI1: An Arabidopsis gene required for jasmonate-regulated defense and fertility. Science 1998, 280: 1091-1094.
Yang, Shulan., Lifen Xie, Huizhu Mao. et al. TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 Is Required for Cell Specialization in the Arabidopsis Anther. Plant Cell. 2003, 15: 2792-2804
Yang, W. C. & V. Sundaresan,. Genetics of gametophyte biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2000, 3: 53-57.
Yang, X., Makaroff, C. A., and Ma, H. The Arabidopsis MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH1 gene encodes a PHD-finger protein that is required for male meiosis. Plant Cell 2003, 15, 1281-1295.
Ylstra Bauke and Sheila McCormick. Analysis of mRNA stabilities during pollen development and in BY2 cells. 1999, 20: 101
Zhang S, Warkfenten D, Sun B, et al. Variation in the inheritance of expression among subclones for the inheritance unselected (UidA) and selected (Bar) trangenes in maize (Zea mays L). Theor. Appl. Genet. 1996, 92: 752-761
Zhao, D., and Ma, H.. Male fertility: A case of enzyme identity.Curr. Biol. 2000, 10: R904-R907.
Zhao, D. Z., G. F. Wang, B. Speal et al. The EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTE1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase that controls somatic and reproductive cell fates in the Arabidopsis anther. Genes Dev. 2002, 16: 2021-2031.
Zhiyuan Yang~*, Qingwei Zhu~(*2), Kunxin Luo~(*2) & Qiang Zhou~*. The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibitsthe CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase tocontrol transcription. Nature, 2001, 414: 317～322.
Zik, M., and Irish, V. F. Global identification of target genes regulated by APETALA3 and PISTILLATA floral homeotic gene action. Plant Cell 2003, 15, 207-222.
陈潜,汪迎春,张利明等.花药特异嵌合启动子的构建及雄性不育转基因拟南芥的获得.农业技术学报.2001,9(1):62-64
戴晓燕 玉米中类似于mRNA的非编码基因Zg401 cDNA的克隆及其在玉米花粉发育中的作用:[博士学位论文] 北京:中国农业大学,2003
黄大年,高振宇,华志华等.基因枪法在水稻工程育种中的应用.植物学通报.2001,18(3):283～287
瞿礼嘉,张毅,李春升等.对水稻MADS-box基因M79的表达模式和功能的分析.中国科学(C辑).2001,31(1):28～35
李成霞 玉米花粉中类似于mRNA的非编码RNA基因(ZM401)的克隆及其功能研究:[博士学位论文] 北京:中国农业大学,2001
廖荣霞,周建新.微RNA研究进展。生命的化学,2002,22(4):324～326.
童克中.基因及其表达(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,157～17.
吴梧桐.现代生化药学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002,99～106.
阎隆飞,刘国琴,肖兴国.从花粉肌动蛋白到作物雄性不育.科学通报,1999,44(23):2471-2475
张毅,瞿礼嘉,刘美华等.对一个在水稻雄蕊中大量表达的cDNA的结构和表达分析.科学通报.1998,43:607～611
郑宏红,瞿礼嘉,刘美华等.花药特异表达的类查尔酮合酶基因D5与水稻花粉发育有关.科学通报.2000,45(11):1132～1137