注汽锅炉废热利用技术研究
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摘要
目前油田热采用注汽锅炉的热效率较低,一般仅为80%左右,而注汽锅炉所排放的高温废水(8.5MPa ,295℃)所携带的高品位热能却一直未被有效利用。为有效提高注汽锅炉热利用率,本文对注汽锅炉余热综合利用技术进行了研究。
注汽锅炉的排放水属于高温高压水,属于较高品味能量。根据这个特点,兼顾不同的工艺条件,提出了注汽锅炉余热梯级利用模式,分别为有机物郎肯循环+水轮机综合发电模式;热水透平前置扩容发电模式和多级闪蒸发电三种模式方案。对三种利用模式的流程进行了分析对比,优缺点进行了分析对比。根据现场环境及目前现有工艺条件,决定使用闪蒸罐+饱和蒸汽汽轮机对余热能量进行回收。
对闪蒸发电系统进行了基础理论分析,采用卧式闪蒸罐结合背压式汽轮机。参考设计手册,对不同蒸汽出口压力下的闪蒸罐参数进行了计算,设计了整套系统的控制方案。通过理论分析和计算机模拟,对饱和蒸汽轮机进行了研究,建立了饱和蒸汽轮机的数学模型,对小型复速级汽轮机的级内效率进行了计算。在0.8MPa ,理想状态下,汽轮机的级内效率为36%,整套系统的热效率为21.96%。基于fluent软件平台对汽轮机使用的拉伐尔喷嘴进行了模拟与优化。结果显示,当顶锥角取8°,扩张段长度取10mm,喉部长度为1mm时,效果较好。
通过本文的研究分析,为注汽锅炉的余废热利用奠定了基础,为未来的更有效利用做好了技术储备。
The heat efficiency of steam injection boiler used in oil field now is very low, only about 80%. However, the heating of the hot waste wate(r8.5 MPa ,295℃)has not been used efficiently yet. The comprehensive utilization technology is investigated in this dissertation to enhance the heat efficiency of steam injection boiler.
The waste water with high temperature and high pressure discharged from the steam injection boiler is high-quality energy. According to the characteristics noted above and different technological conditions, cascade-model are put forward in the surplus heat utilization of steam injection boiler, they are the composite model of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) & hydroturbine;preposition and dilatation of hot water turbine, and multi-level flash (MSF) evaporation generate electricity. Comparations are took to analyse their advantages and disadvantages. Flash can & saturated steam hydroturbine are accepted in the recycle of energy in hot waste water based on the process conditions and technology.
Horizontal flash can & back pressure hydroturbine are used according to the analysis on basic theories of flash-evaporated generating system. The parameters of flash can are calculated in different outlet pressure of steam, and operation method is designed for the system. Saturated steam hydroturbine is studyed, mathematical models are established, and stage internal efficiency of hydroturbine is calculated as well by the theoretical anslysis and computer simulation. In the ideal condition, under the pressure of 0.8 MPa ,the stage internal efficiency of hydroturbine is 36%. Stimulation the lavel nozzle based on the FLUENT platform,.As told by the results, the system work more efficiently when tip angle is 8°, the length of expansion section is 10mm, and the length of laryngeal is 1mm.
In this paper, the analyses lay a foundation for future use of waste energy from the steam injection boiler and become technical reserves for more efficiency use.
注汽锅炉的排放水属于高温高压水,属于较高品味能量。根据这个特点,兼顾不同的工艺条件,提出了注汽锅炉余热梯级利用模式,分别为有机物郎肯循环+水轮机综合发电模式;热水透平前置扩容发电模式和多级闪蒸发电三种模式方案。对三种利用模式的流程进行了分析对比,优缺点进行了分析对比。根据现场环境及目前现有工艺条件,决定使用闪蒸罐+饱和蒸汽汽轮机对余热能量进行回收。
对闪蒸发电系统进行了基础理论分析,采用卧式闪蒸罐结合背压式汽轮机。参考设计手册,对不同蒸汽出口压力下的闪蒸罐参数进行了计算,设计了整套系统的控制方案。通过理论分析和计算机模拟,对饱和蒸汽轮机进行了研究,建立了饱和蒸汽轮机的数学模型,对小型复速级汽轮机的级内效率进行了计算。在0.8MPa ,理想状态下,汽轮机的级内效率为36%,整套系统的热效率为21.96%。基于fluent软件平台对汽轮机使用的拉伐尔喷嘴进行了模拟与优化。结果显示,当顶锥角取8°,扩张段长度取10mm,喉部长度为1mm时,效果较好。
通过本文的研究分析,为注汽锅炉的余废热利用奠定了基础,为未来的更有效利用做好了技术储备。
The heat efficiency of steam injection boiler used in oil field now is very low, only about 80%. However, the heating of the hot waste wate(r8.5 MPa ,295℃)has not been used efficiently yet. The comprehensive utilization technology is investigated in this dissertation to enhance the heat efficiency of steam injection boiler.
The waste water with high temperature and high pressure discharged from the steam injection boiler is high-quality energy. According to the characteristics noted above and different technological conditions, cascade-model are put forward in the surplus heat utilization of steam injection boiler, they are the composite model of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) & hydroturbine;preposition and dilatation of hot water turbine, and multi-level flash (MSF) evaporation generate electricity. Comparations are took to analyse their advantages and disadvantages. Flash can & saturated steam hydroturbine are accepted in the recycle of energy in hot waste water based on the process conditions and technology.
Horizontal flash can & back pressure hydroturbine are used according to the analysis on basic theories of flash-evaporated generating system. The parameters of flash can are calculated in different outlet pressure of steam, and operation method is designed for the system. Saturated steam hydroturbine is studyed, mathematical models are established, and stage internal efficiency of hydroturbine is calculated as well by the theoretical anslysis and computer simulation. In the ideal condition, under the pressure of 0.8 MPa ,the stage internal efficiency of hydroturbine is 36%. Stimulation the lavel nozzle based on the FLUENT platform,.As told by the results, the system work more efficiently when tip angle is 8°, the length of expansion section is 10mm, and the length of laryngeal is 1mm.
In this paper, the analyses lay a foundation for future use of waste energy from the steam injection boiler and become technical reserves for more efficiency use.
引文
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[32]张铁柱,张洪信,郝建.内燃机废气能量回收利用装置.实用新型专利, ZL95206566.5
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[42]丁崇功,工业锅炉设备[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2008
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[2]李飞雄;论低温余热节能发电[J],节能技术;2001.11(6),31
[3]陈贵堂,工程热力学[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001,261
[4] Kalina A I. Combined2cycle system with novel bottoming cycle [J ] . Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ,1984 (106) :737.
[5] Olsson EK, Thorin EB. Kalina cycles for power generation from industrial waste heat [C] . Florence World Energy Research Symposium ,Florence , 1994.
[6] Maria Jonsson , Jinyue Yan. A mm onia2water bottoming cycles: a co MPa rison between gas engines and gas diesel engines as prime movers [J ] . Energy , 2001(26) : 31244.
[7] Jonsson M, Thorin E. Gas engine bottoming cycles with a mm onia2water mixtures as working fluid [C] . Proc. The Int. Joint Power Generation Conf . ,1999(2) : 55265.
[8] Jonsson M, Yan J . Diesel engine bottoming cycles with a mm onia2water mixtures as working fluid [C] . Proc. The Spring Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division,2000(1) : 55264.
[9] Ta mm a G, Goswami D Y. Theoretical and experimental investigation of an a mm onia2water power and refrigeration thermodynamic cycle [J ] . Solar Energy , 2004 (76) :2172228.
[10]王贵玲,张发旺,刘志明.国内外地热能开发利用现状及前景分析[J].地球学报,2000,21(2):134-139.
[11]韩建光,蒋宗霖,田颖,李世豪,中国地热资源及开发利用[J],消费导刊2008(12) ,39-40
[12]陆定原,Kalina循环发电装置近况[J]发电设备
[13]一色尚次,余热回收利用系统实用手册(上)机械工业出版社,1988:188-190
[14]杨智博基于有机朗肯循环的柴油机废气余热发电系统研究[D]哈尔滨理工大学2006,03
[15] Bliem CJ. The Use of A mm onia-water Mixture as Working Fluids in C Geothermal Power Cycles. EG&G Idaho Inc.1983:1-3
[16] MEHMET KANOGLU, IBRAHIM DINCER, MARC AROSEN. Geothermal energy use in hydrogen liquefaction[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32:4250-4257.
[17] Johan Wall Karlskrona. Dynamics Study of an Automobile Exhaust System. Department of Mechanical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology,2003:68~70
[18]杨金焕,夏葵,姚艳霞等,两相螺杆膨胀机的发展及其在制冷系统中的应用[J],制冷,2003,22(1):23-27
[19]黄翔超有机工质双循环螺杆膨胀机系统研究[D],天津大学,2006,02
[20]虞煜磊,罗莎,任强;纯低温余热锅炉和热水闪蒸技术在余热发电中的应用[J],节能环保技术,2007[11],32
[21] Yan Haijin, Hu Danmei Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Performance for Wind Turbine blades airfoil Shanghai University of Electric Power
[22]张福滨,纯低温余热发电强制闪蒸技术的应用浅析[J],水泥, 2006(12),29
[23]赵乃仁,从水泥生产工艺角度来讨论余热发电技术应用的发展[J],水泥, 2008(2),16
[24]林万超.火电厂热系统节能理论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994,21
[25] Daniela Milia,Enrico Sciubba.Exergy-based lumped simulation of complex systems.An interactive analysis tool.Energy,2006,23(31):100-111
[26] G.P.Werkhivker,B.V.Kosoy.On the exergy analysis of power plants.Energy Conversion and Management2001,32(42)2053-2059
[27] Chao Zhan,Yan Wang,Chuguang Zheng,Xinsheng Lou.Exergy cost analysis of a coal fired power plant based on structural theory of
[28]唐金泉,常子冈;水泥窑纯低温余热发电的若干问题[J],水泥,2005(4),5
[29]王江峰,戴义平,陈江;中低温余热发电技术及其在水泥生产中的应用[J],节能,2007(2),32
[30]何元金,陈宏.温差发电-一种新型绿色的能源技术[J].工科物理,2000(10): 43-45
[31]钟琼香,内燃机废热制冷与发电之探讨[J],肉类工业,1997(3):41-45
[32]张铁柱,张洪信,郝建.内燃机废气能量回收利用装置.实用新型专利, ZL95206566.5
[33]吉田佑作(日),祝玉文译,用排气涡轮发电机回收汽车发动机废热[J].新能源,1998,(7):31-34
[34]张有,顾宏中;车用发动机增压系统的选型及计算分析[J];车用发动机,2001,(6):21-23
[35]刘淑华,柴油机废气涡轮增压器的研制[J].内燃机车,2003(1):19-22
[36]王冠群热水透平通流部分设计原理[J];上海机械学院学报89
[37]任东高压循环水的余能发电[J],现代节能,1994,4 16
[38]张金土,国外螺杆式膨胀机及其机械工艺[J],机电设备,1994(6):31-33
[39]朱能闯钢铁企业低压饱和蒸汽发电[J];技术应用
[40]林波宋平岗赵芳,变速恒频风力发电系统中双馈发电机的理论分析[J],电工技术,2008(5),71
[41]郑津洋,董其伍,桑芝富,过程设备设计[M],北京,化学工业出版社,2005
[42]丁崇功,工业锅炉设备[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[43]蔡颐年,汽轮机装置[M],西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[44]曹祖庆,汽轮机动态调节特性[M],南京:东南大学出版社,1991
[45]黄庆宏汽轮机与燃气轮机原理及应用[M],南京;东南大学出版社,2005
[46]汪玉林汽轮机设备运行及事故处理[M],北京;化学工业出版社,2006
[47]王冠群,汽轮机低压级叶片技术研究进展[J],汽轮机技术,1994,8(4)212-217
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