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黑龙江省营林业发展中政府行为研究
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摘要
建国以来,由于不同时期对林业需求的侧重点不同,我国政府对营林业的重视程度也有所差异。林业建设初期,国家大量采伐天然林为其他产业提供原材料,对营林生产没有予以同样的重视,营林基础建设的投资远远低于森工建设投资。随着市场经济的不断发展和完善,人们对生态效益的需求也日益增加,林业基础建设投资转向重点对营林基础建设的投资。在计划经济向市场经济转型的摸索时期,政府不断地完善法律法规,转变对营林业的作用方式。
     营林业产品具有公共物品的经济特性,具有不可避免的正外部性,这就更加要求政府对其进行干预,以期得到经济上的补偿,进而满足营林生产对资金、人力、科技等生产要素的大量需求。但是完全由政府参与管理的营林业永远不会跟上飞速发展的市场经济的步伐,这就要求政府和市场明确划分作用边界,构建具有地方特色的政府行为体系,并提出有效的政府行为实施对策。
     本文应用了政府行为理论、林业分类经营理论、可持续发展理论。首先通过文献研究法对营林业和政府行为的概念进行了界定,并对两者的特征从多个角度进行了概括和总结。其次,通过比较分析研究的方法,研究黑龙江省营林业以及营林业发展进程中政府行为的现状,从而发现这两者在发展过程中存在的问题。再次,通过实证分析研究分析了公益林、商品林、兼融林三种林种经营中市场的有效程度,针对这三个林种市场有效程度的不同,分析了政府采取作用手段的侧重点;在确定营林业发展过程中政府和市场的关系的基础上,创建了政府行为作用边界模型;最后在林业分类成商品林、公益林和兼融林三种林种经营的前提下,从宏观和微观两个层面构建出营林业政府行为体系,并研究提出了政府行为体系的原则、内容和任务。对构建的营林业政府行为体系提出了具体的实施对策,对策包括建立领导目标责任制、彻底实施森林分类经营、加速森林资源培育、建立稳定的政策扶持机制和稳定的营林生产机构和人员等具体措施。
Since the founding of the PRC, due to demand for different periods of different focus on forestry, the Chinese Government's emphasis on the forest cultivation is also different. During the early stages of forest development, our country cut a large number of natural forests to provide raw materials for other industries, while the forest cultivation is not to be the same emphasis, so the investment to forest infrastructure construction is far below the forest industry. People's demand for eco-efficiency is growing with the continuous development of forestry market economy and improvement, and the infrastructure investment shift focus from forestry industry to forest cultivation. In the exploration period time from the planned economy to a market economy, the government continues to improve laws and regulations, changes in mode of action on the forest cultivation.
     Forest products have the economic characteristics of public goods, with the inevitable-positive externalities benefits, which asked the government to interfere even more in order to enable it to receive financial compensation, and then meet silviculture products of high demand of capital, manpower, technology and other production elements. However, the forest cultivation will never keep up with the rapid pace of development of market economy in the management only by the government, so it requires a clear division boundary of government and market, and a system of local government behavior characteristics, and propose effective measures to implement the government actions.
     In this paper, it refers to the theory of government behavior, forest classification management theory and sustainable development theory. First it has defined the concepts of forest cultivation and government behavior by studying documents, and summarized the features of them from different angles. Secondly, through the methods of comparative analysis it researched and analyzed the status quo of forest cultivation and government action of Heilongjiang Province, then pointed out problems of both of them. Thirdly, thought the method of positive analysis, it classified forests into ecological forests, commercial forests and forest-compatible, analyzed the effectiveness of the market in three different forest stands, pointed out the emphasis of government action; it created a model of forestry government behavior boundary to avoid the government's offside on the basis of determining the relations between forestry government and market. Finally it constructed the system of government action from the macro and micro levels on the assumption of dividing forests into ecological forest, commercial forest and forest-compatible, and studied the principles, contents and tasks of these two systems. and brought forward implement specific measures on system of forestry government action, which including the establishment of leadership responsibility, the full implementation of the forest classification management, speeding up the cultivation of forest resources, establishing a stable policy support mechanisms and stability of the forest production sector and personnel and so on.
引文
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