芒硝力学性质及其水溶开采溶腔稳定性研究
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摘要
近年来,水溶开采方法已广泛应用于盐类矿床开采,与常规的开采方法相比,水溶开采有增大开采深度、扩大可采储量;改善劳动条件、提高劳动生产率;减轻环境污染等许多优点。全球能源危机日益严重,水溶开采后的溶腔还越来越多的用于国家战略能源的地下储存。本文以江苏洪泽赵集芒硝矿项目为依托,分别通过物理力学性质试验、数值模拟等方法研究芒硝水溶开采溶腔的稳定性,具体研究工作如下:
①综合国内外研究成果,对水溶采矿的基本原理进行分析。总结影响盐类水溶开采溶腔稳定性的原因,选取溶腔几何尺寸、内水压、地应力和溶腔间距等几个影响稳定性的因素进行数值模拟研究。
②从江苏洪泽赵集芒硝矿区取得矿层及其顶底板的原状岩样,进行抗拉、单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验,获得芒硝矿及其顶底板岩石的物理力学性质参数。为后文数值模拟分析中岩体本构模型及其计算参数的选取提供依据。
③根据矿区实际地质条件,结合试验所得物理力学参数,采用ANSYS程序建立芒硝单溶腔数值计算模型,对芒硝水溶开采过程中溶腔的稳定性进行三维数值模拟研究。分别对不同跨高比、不同内水压、不同侧压系数下芒硝水溶开采溶腔稳定性进行模拟,通过对比分析各种不同条件下溶腔周边围岩的位移、应力和塑性区的变化情况,总结各种影响因素对芒硝溶腔整体稳定性的影响规律。
④在单溶腔研究的基础上,建立双溶腔模型,进行芒硝水溶开采双溶腔合理间距的研究。对不同间距下芒硝溶腔开采后影响围岩及矿柱稳定的各个因素性进行对比分析,得出依托工程比较合理的溶腔间距。同时结合内水压的变化,得出内水压的增大有利于芒硝双溶腔的整体稳定。这为实际工程中减小溶腔间距、提高芒硝矿采收率,同时确保溶腔的安全,提供了参考。
Water-soluble mining method has been widely used for salt deposits mining in recent years. Compared with conventional mining methods, water-soluble mining has many advantages, such as increasing the mining depth, expanding the recoverable reserves, improving the working conditions, increasing our labor productivity, reducing the environmental pollution and so on. As the growing global energy crisis, water-soluble mining in cavity is also more and more used for the underground storage of national strategies energy. This set of views, which relies on Jiangsu Hongze Zhao Ji Glauber's salt mining project, is studying the stability of Glauber's water-soluble mining in cavity by making the physical and mechanical properties experiments and the numerical simulation. The specific researching is as follows:
①Describe the basic principle of water-soluble mining on the synthesis of domestic and foreign research. Summary the reasons which affect the stability of underground caverns and salt cavern and select a few specific factors that affect the stability to conduct the numerical simulation.
②Get the original rock samples, which are located at the seam and the concave roof and floor, for tensile, uniaxial compression and triaxial compression tests to obtain Glauber's salt and its roof and floor parameters of physical and mechanical properties of rocks from Jiangsu Hongze Zhao Glauber's salt mining area. And this provides the basis for selection of the following the numerical analysis and calculation parameters of the rock constitutive model.
③According to the actual geological mining conditions, combined with tests of the physical and mechanical parameters ,we make use of the ANSYS program to establish a single Glauber's salt cavern numerical model ,which is for the purpose of the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the stability of cavity while the Glauber's water-soluble mining.We simulate Glauber's salt caverns which use the Water-soluble mining method under different Cross-height ratio, different water pressure, different lateral pressure coefficients. We sum up the law of factors which affect the overall stability of caverns by coMParing the changes in various conditions, the displacement, stress and the plastic zone changes of surrounding rock caverns.
④Also we established two-cavern model for the research of the reasonable distance of the double Glauber's salt solution mining caverns. We obtain the reasonable cavern spacing relying engineering by coMParing all factors which affect the stability of surrounding rock and pillar under different spacings caverns after excavation. Combined with the changes of inside pressure, what we get in the meanwhile is that increasing the water pressure is good for the overall stability of double dissolved cavity. This provides a way to try, which could not only increase the recovery ratio of greater Glauber's salt but also reduce the cavern spacing while ensuring the safety of caverns.
①综合国内外研究成果,对水溶采矿的基本原理进行分析。总结影响盐类水溶开采溶腔稳定性的原因,选取溶腔几何尺寸、内水压、地应力和溶腔间距等几个影响稳定性的因素进行数值模拟研究。
②从江苏洪泽赵集芒硝矿区取得矿层及其顶底板的原状岩样,进行抗拉、单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验,获得芒硝矿及其顶底板岩石的物理力学性质参数。为后文数值模拟分析中岩体本构模型及其计算参数的选取提供依据。
③根据矿区实际地质条件,结合试验所得物理力学参数,采用ANSYS程序建立芒硝单溶腔数值计算模型,对芒硝水溶开采过程中溶腔的稳定性进行三维数值模拟研究。分别对不同跨高比、不同内水压、不同侧压系数下芒硝水溶开采溶腔稳定性进行模拟,通过对比分析各种不同条件下溶腔周边围岩的位移、应力和塑性区的变化情况,总结各种影响因素对芒硝溶腔整体稳定性的影响规律。
④在单溶腔研究的基础上,建立双溶腔模型,进行芒硝水溶开采双溶腔合理间距的研究。对不同间距下芒硝溶腔开采后影响围岩及矿柱稳定的各个因素性进行对比分析,得出依托工程比较合理的溶腔间距。同时结合内水压的变化,得出内水压的增大有利于芒硝双溶腔的整体稳定。这为实际工程中减小溶腔间距、提高芒硝矿采收率,同时确保溶腔的安全,提供了参考。
Water-soluble mining method has been widely used for salt deposits mining in recent years. Compared with conventional mining methods, water-soluble mining has many advantages, such as increasing the mining depth, expanding the recoverable reserves, improving the working conditions, increasing our labor productivity, reducing the environmental pollution and so on. As the growing global energy crisis, water-soluble mining in cavity is also more and more used for the underground storage of national strategies energy. This set of views, which relies on Jiangsu Hongze Zhao Ji Glauber's salt mining project, is studying the stability of Glauber's water-soluble mining in cavity by making the physical and mechanical properties experiments and the numerical simulation. The specific researching is as follows:
①Describe the basic principle of water-soluble mining on the synthesis of domestic and foreign research. Summary the reasons which affect the stability of underground caverns and salt cavern and select a few specific factors that affect the stability to conduct the numerical simulation.
②Get the original rock samples, which are located at the seam and the concave roof and floor, for tensile, uniaxial compression and triaxial compression tests to obtain Glauber's salt and its roof and floor parameters of physical and mechanical properties of rocks from Jiangsu Hongze Zhao Glauber's salt mining area. And this provides the basis for selection of the following the numerical analysis and calculation parameters of the rock constitutive model.
③According to the actual geological mining conditions, combined with tests of the physical and mechanical parameters ,we make use of the ANSYS program to establish a single Glauber's salt cavern numerical model ,which is for the purpose of the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the stability of cavity while the Glauber's water-soluble mining.We simulate Glauber's salt caverns which use the Water-soluble mining method under different Cross-height ratio, different water pressure, different lateral pressure coefficients. We sum up the law of factors which affect the overall stability of caverns by coMParing the changes in various conditions, the displacement, stress and the plastic zone changes of surrounding rock caverns.
④Also we established two-cavern model for the research of the reasonable distance of the double Glauber's salt solution mining caverns. We obtain the reasonable cavern spacing relying engineering by coMParing all factors which affect the stability of surrounding rock and pillar under different spacings caverns after excavation. Combined with the changes of inside pressure, what we get in the meanwhile is that increasing the water pressure is good for the overall stability of double dissolved cavity. This provides a way to try, which could not only increase the recovery ratio of greater Glauber's salt but also reduce the cavern spacing while ensuring the safety of caverns.
引文
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[3] Ph.Cosenza,M.Ghoreychi,B.Bazargan-Sabet,G.de Marsily . In situ rock salt Permeability measurement for long term safety assessment of storage[J]. Int. J .Rock Mech.&Min. Sci, 1999,36:509-526.
[4] Ph.Cosenza,M.Ghoreychi.Effects of very low permeability on the operation period evolution of a storage cavern in rock salt[J]. Int. J .Rock Mech&Min. Sci,1999,36:527-533.
[5] K.Staudtmeister; R.B.Rokahr. Rock Mechanical Design of Storage Caverns For Natural Gas in Rock Salt Mass[J]. Int. J .Rock Mech&Min. Sci, 1997,34:3-4.
[6]梁卫国,赵阳升.盐类矿床水溶开采机理分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2002,33(3):234-237
[7] T.W.Pfeifle, N.S.Brodsky, D.E.Munson. Experimental Determination of the Relationship Between Permeability and Microfracture-Induced Damage in Bedded Salt [J]. Int. J .rock Mech&Min.Sci, 1998,35:4-5.
[8] Dusseault.M, Davidson.B, Santamarina.J.C.Potential for Salt Solution Cavern Placement of Engineered Radioactive Wastes[A]. Proceedings of International Conference on Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste[C],Winnipeg,Canada:631-639.
[9] J.C.Stormont.Conduct and Interpretation of Gas Permeability Measurements in Rock Salt [J]. Int. J .Rock Mech&Min.Sci, 1997,34:3-4.
[10] Borns D.J,Stormont J.C.The Delineation of the Disturbed Rock Zone Surrounding Excavations in Salt[C]. Proceeding of the 32nd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics,West Virginia University,1989:353-360.
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[12] Miclen PC.A brief history of Salt mining in Romania[C]. 8th world Salt symposium,Vol 1&2 2000.
[13]杨进.盐岩溶腔—极有前途的特殊固体废物最终处置场所[J].武汉化工学院学报,1994,16(3):40-43.
[14]徐素国.岩盐矿床油气储库建造的基础研究[D].太原理工大学,2001.
[15]刘保县,姜德义,刘新荣.岩盐溶腔顶板稳定性分析及其控制[J].重庆大学学报,2007,30(3):133-135.
[16]重庆大学.提高复杂条件下盐类矿床水溶开采采收率及溶腔后续利用关键技术研究[R].
[17]姜德义.岩盐溶腔稳定性及失稳控制研究[D].重庆大学,2001.
[18]张永康,范广勤.充分发挥资源优势,大力开发岩盐矿产[J].江苏地质, 1996,20(4):193-198.
[19] Luxkh.Some New aspects on the Safety proof for waste disposal in salt mines[C]. Ninth international congress on ROEK Mechanics,Vol.1&2 1999.
[20] Hunsche U&Albrecht. H.Results of true tri-axial strength tests on rock salt[J]. Engineering Fracture mechanics,1990,35(4/5):867-877.
[21] Werner Skrotzki.An estimate of the brittle to ductile transition in salt [A].Langer, The mechanical behavior of salt proceedings of the first conference [C]. Clausthal, trans tech publications,1984:381-388.
[22] Hunsche U.Determination of the dilatancy boundary and damage up to failure for four types of rock salt at different stress geometries[A].Langer,The mechanical behavior of salt proceedings of the second conference[C]. Clausthal,trans tech publications,1996:163-174.
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