基于超级电容器储能的电能质量调节器研究
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摘要
随着电能质量重要性的提高和超级电容器储能技术的发展,将超级电容器储能(SCES)技术应用于电能质量的改善具有广阔的前景。本文对基于超级电容器储能的电能质量调节器进行了系统的研究。
本文根据系统的功能要求,提出了以超级电容器作为调节器的储能元件的并联型主电路拓扑结构。采用非隔离型Buck-Boost双向DC/DC变换实现直流电压的转换,应用电压源型变换器实现DC/AC变换。该电能质量调节器可以消除电源电压的暂降、不对称和闪变对负载的影响,在不对称负载时抑制负载的负序电流对电源的影响。根据SCES的特性,确定了系统的基本运行原理,即当电源电压暂降时,通过调节调节器输出的有功功率和无功功率来维持负载电压幅值和相位的稳定。
建立了调节器DC/AC变换器和DC/DC变换器的数学模型,针对DC/AC变换器研究了一种同步旋转坐标系下的变量解耦和前馈补偿的控制策略,针对DC/DC变换器采用了一种双闭环反馈控制。详细阐述了基于瞬时无功功率理论的软件锁相环的基本原理和结构。
对上述基本控制策略进行了扩充,研究了一种滤波方法获得负载电压的正序和负序分量,通过消除负序分量,使其能够实现抑制电源电压不对称和闪变对负载电压、不对称负载下的负序电流对电源的影响。
根据本文研究的电能质量调节器系统结构和控制策略搭建了仿真模型,并对仿真参数进行了设计。对系统及其控制方法进行了全面的仿真分析,仿真结果验证了所研究的拓扑结构和控制策略的有效性。
With the increasing importance of power quality and continuous development of Supercapacitor technology, it exhibits broad prospect to utilize SCES ( Supercapacitor Energy Storage) for the power quality improvement. In this dissertation, one king of SCES based power quality conditioner is analyzed and studied systematically.
Parallel-processing topology of main circuit is determined according to the functional demands of the studied system. In the designed system, SCES is utilized as energy storage component, Non-isolated bidirectional Buck-Boost DC/DC converter is utilized as DC voltage converter component, voltage source converter(VSC) is used to accomplish DC/AC converter. The main function of the system are to eliminate the influences of source voltage sags, asymmetry and flicker on load voltage, and to restrain the influences of unsymmetrical load on supply current. Based on the characteristics of SCES, the operating principle of the system is established. The active power as well as reactive power of the DC/AC converter is regulated to stabilize the load voltage when the source voltage sags occur.
The system mathematic model is established, by which the system control strategy with decoupling and feedforward compensation of d/q components under synchronous rotating coordinate system is studied.Software Phased-locked Loop (SPLL) and effect of its restraint on aberrant voltage are discussed.
After being extended and modified, the said control method is adapted to other functions of the converter.
A simulation platform of the proposed system structure and control method is developed by using Simulink of the Matlab. Simulation results are provided to show effectiveness of the topology and control strategy.
本文根据系统的功能要求,提出了以超级电容器作为调节器的储能元件的并联型主电路拓扑结构。采用非隔离型Buck-Boost双向DC/DC变换实现直流电压的转换,应用电压源型变换器实现DC/AC变换。该电能质量调节器可以消除电源电压的暂降、不对称和闪变对负载的影响,在不对称负载时抑制负载的负序电流对电源的影响。根据SCES的特性,确定了系统的基本运行原理,即当电源电压暂降时,通过调节调节器输出的有功功率和无功功率来维持负载电压幅值和相位的稳定。
建立了调节器DC/AC变换器和DC/DC变换器的数学模型,针对DC/AC变换器研究了一种同步旋转坐标系下的变量解耦和前馈补偿的控制策略,针对DC/DC变换器采用了一种双闭环反馈控制。详细阐述了基于瞬时无功功率理论的软件锁相环的基本原理和结构。
对上述基本控制策略进行了扩充,研究了一种滤波方法获得负载电压的正序和负序分量,通过消除负序分量,使其能够实现抑制电源电压不对称和闪变对负载电压、不对称负载下的负序电流对电源的影响。
根据本文研究的电能质量调节器系统结构和控制策略搭建了仿真模型,并对仿真参数进行了设计。对系统及其控制方法进行了全面的仿真分析,仿真结果验证了所研究的拓扑结构和控制策略的有效性。
With the increasing importance of power quality and continuous development of Supercapacitor technology, it exhibits broad prospect to utilize SCES ( Supercapacitor Energy Storage) for the power quality improvement. In this dissertation, one king of SCES based power quality conditioner is analyzed and studied systematically.
Parallel-processing topology of main circuit is determined according to the functional demands of the studied system. In the designed system, SCES is utilized as energy storage component, Non-isolated bidirectional Buck-Boost DC/DC converter is utilized as DC voltage converter component, voltage source converter(VSC) is used to accomplish DC/AC converter. The main function of the system are to eliminate the influences of source voltage sags, asymmetry and flicker on load voltage, and to restrain the influences of unsymmetrical load on supply current. Based on the characteristics of SCES, the operating principle of the system is established. The active power as well as reactive power of the DC/AC converter is regulated to stabilize the load voltage when the source voltage sags occur.
The system mathematic model is established, by which the system control strategy with decoupling and feedforward compensation of d/q components under synchronous rotating coordinate system is studied.Software Phased-locked Loop (SPLL) and effect of its restraint on aberrant voltage are discussed.
After being extended and modified, the said control method is adapted to other functions of the converter.
A simulation platform of the proposed system structure and control method is developed by using Simulink of the Matlab. Simulation results are provided to show effectiveness of the topology and control strategy.
引文
[1] Hingorani N G. Introducing Custom Power. IEEE Spectrum,1995,32(6):41~48
[2] B.H Chowdhury. Power quality. IEEE Potentials,2001,20(2):5~11
[3]何大愚.用户电力技术及柔性交流输电技术.电网技术,1995,19(12):59~63
[4]陈警众.定制电力高质量供电的新技术.供用电,1997,14(5):46~48
[5]韩英铎,严干贵,姜齐荣,等.信息电力与FACTS及DFACTS技术.电力系统自动化,2000,24(19):1~7
[6]王仲鸿,沈斐,吴铁铮. FACTS技术研究现状及其在中国的应用与发展.电力系统自动化,2000,24(23):1~5
[7]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[8]林海雪.现代电能质量的基本问题.电网技术,2001,25(10):5~12
[9]肖湘宁,徐永海.电能质量问题剖析.电网技术,2001,25(3):66~69
[10]田莉莉,吴为麟.电能质量的改善及检测.能源论坛,2002,(2):22~24
[11]肖国春,刘进军,王兆安.电能质量及其控制技术的研究进展.电力电子技术,2000,(6):58~60
[12] Malabik Basu, S Das, Dubey Gopal. Experimental Investigation of Performance of a Single Phase UPQC for Voltage Sensitive and Non-linear Loads. IEEE Peds 2001-Indonesia,2001:218~222
[13] P.Wang, N.Jenkins, Bollen M.H.J. Experimental Investigation of Voltage Sag Mitigation by an Advanced Static Var Compensator. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1461~1467
[14] H Akagai. New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1996,32(6):1312~1322
[15] S.K Jain, P Agrawal, H.O Gupta. Fuzzy logic controlled shunt active power filter for power quality improvement. IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications,2002,149(5):317~328
[16] N H Woodley, L Morgan, A Sundaram. Experience With An Inverter-Based Dynamic Voltage Restorer. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1181~1186
[17] J Nielsen, M Newman, H Nielsen. Control and testing of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) at medium voltage level. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2004,19(3):806~813
[18]侯勇,蒋晓华,姜建国.基于超导储能的并联处理不间断供电系统及其控制策略的研究.电网技术,2004,28(16):1~6
[19] S Sensarma P, R Padiyar K, V Ramanarayanan. Analysis and performance evaluation of a distribution STATCOM for compensating voltage fluctuations. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2001,16(2):259~264
[20] Hideaki Fujita, H Akagai. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner:The Integration of Series Active Filters and Shunt Active Filters. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1998,13(2):315~322
[21]纪勇,李向荣,朱庆翔.±20Mvar新型静止无功发生器及其运行分析.电力设备,2003,4(2):8~12
[22] Chikaraishi H, Hayashi K, Mito T, et al. Line voltage detector for SMES system designed to protect from momentary voltage drop. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2004,14(2):754~757
[23] Mito Toshiyuki, Kawagoe Akifumi, Chikaraishi Hirotaka, et al. Development of UPS-SMES as a Protection from Momentary Voltage Drop. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2004,14(2):721~726
[24] Jiang Xiaohua, Liu Xun, Zhu Xiaoguang, et al. A 0.3 MJ SMES magnet of a voltage sag compensation system. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2004,14(2):717~720
[25]韩民晓,肖湘宁,徐永海.柔性化供电技术.电力系统自动化,2002,26(8):1~5
[26] H Akagi, H Sato. Control and performance of doubly-fed induction mechine intended for a flywheel energy storage system. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2002,17(1):109~116
[27] I Becker H. Electric double layer capacitor. USP:2 800 616,1957-07-23,
[28] B.E.康维.电化学超级电容器-科学原理及技术应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[29]查全性.电极过程动力学导论(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1987
[30]朱修锋,景晓燕,张密林.金属氧化物超级电容器及其应用研究进展.功能材料与器件学报,2002,8(3):325~330
[31] M Yu., Fkovich Vol, Serdyuk T. M. Electrochemical Capacitors. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry,2002,38(9):935-958
[32]张熙贵,王涛,夏保佳.一种优秀的储能器件--超级电容器.世界产品与技术,2003,(8):40~42
[33] A.K.Shukla, S.Sampath, K.Vijayamohanan. Electrochemical supercapacitors Energy storage. Current Science,2000,79(12):1656~1661
[34] Halpin S. M., Spyke R. L., Nelms R. M. Application of Double-Layer Capacitor echnology to Static Condensers for Distribution System Voltage Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,11(4):1899-1904
[35] L Duran Gomez J, N Enjeti P, A Von Jouanne. An approach to achieve ride-through of an adjustable speed drive with flyback converter modules powered by super capacitors. IEEE Trans on Industry Application,2002,38(2):514~521
[36] D Casadei, G Grandi, C Rossi. A supercapacitor-based power conditioning system for power quality improvement and uninterruptible power supply. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2002,(4):1247~1252
[37] Han Chong, Q Huang A, Li Ding, et al. Modeling and design of a transmission ultracapacitor (TUCAP) integrating modular voltage source converter with ultracapacitor energy storage. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2006:1104~1110
[38]张慧妍,韦统振,齐智平.超级电容器储能装置研究.电网技术,2006,30(8):92~96
[39] J Geza, R.E Jose. Three-phase series var compensation based on avoltage-controlled current source inverter with supplemental modulation index control. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1999,14(3):587~598
[40]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC-DC变换器的控制模型.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):46-49
[41] Changjiang Zhang, C Fitzer, K Ramachandaramurthy V, et al. Software phase-locked loop applied to dynamic voltage restorer. Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2001,(3):1033~1038
[42] Fang Zhou, San Choi, Kenneth Sng Eng Kian, et al. Study on the dynamic voltage restorer use in an isolated power supply system. Proceedings of IPEMC2004,2004,(3):1207~1212
[43]陈坚.电力电子学--电力电子变换和控制.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[44] L Moran, D Ziogas P, G Joos. Design aspects of synchronous PWM rectifier-inverter systems under unbalanced input voltage conditions. IEEE Trans on Industry Application,1992,28(6):1286~1293
[45] Hong-Seok Song, Hyun-Gyu Park, Kwanghee Nam. An instantaneous phase angle detection algorithm under unbalanced line voltage condition. IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1999,(1):533~537
[46] H.S Song, K Nam. Instantaneous phase-angle estimation algorithm under unbalanced voltage-sag conditions. IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution,2000,147(6):409~415
[47]王群,姚为正,王兆安.低通滤波器对谐波检测电路的影响.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(4):5~8
[48] Hochgraf Clark, Lasster Robert H. Statcom controls for operation with unbalanced voltages. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(2):538~544
[49]雷建平.基于IGBT的单相正弦波逆变器的研究和设计[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学图书馆,2005
[2] B.H Chowdhury. Power quality. IEEE Potentials,2001,20(2):5~11
[3]何大愚.用户电力技术及柔性交流输电技术.电网技术,1995,19(12):59~63
[4]陈警众.定制电力高质量供电的新技术.供用电,1997,14(5):46~48
[5]韩英铎,严干贵,姜齐荣,等.信息电力与FACTS及DFACTS技术.电力系统自动化,2000,24(19):1~7
[6]王仲鸿,沈斐,吴铁铮. FACTS技术研究现状及其在中国的应用与发展.电力系统自动化,2000,24(23):1~5
[7]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[8]林海雪.现代电能质量的基本问题.电网技术,2001,25(10):5~12
[9]肖湘宁,徐永海.电能质量问题剖析.电网技术,2001,25(3):66~69
[10]田莉莉,吴为麟.电能质量的改善及检测.能源论坛,2002,(2):22~24
[11]肖国春,刘进军,王兆安.电能质量及其控制技术的研究进展.电力电子技术,2000,(6):58~60
[12] Malabik Basu, S Das, Dubey Gopal. Experimental Investigation of Performance of a Single Phase UPQC for Voltage Sensitive and Non-linear Loads. IEEE Peds 2001-Indonesia,2001:218~222
[13] P.Wang, N.Jenkins, Bollen M.H.J. Experimental Investigation of Voltage Sag Mitigation by an Advanced Static Var Compensator. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1461~1467
[14] H Akagai. New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1996,32(6):1312~1322
[15] S.K Jain, P Agrawal, H.O Gupta. Fuzzy logic controlled shunt active power filter for power quality improvement. IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications,2002,149(5):317~328
[16] N H Woodley, L Morgan, A Sundaram. Experience With An Inverter-Based Dynamic Voltage Restorer. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1181~1186
[17] J Nielsen, M Newman, H Nielsen. Control and testing of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) at medium voltage level. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2004,19(3):806~813
[18]侯勇,蒋晓华,姜建国.基于超导储能的并联处理不间断供电系统及其控制策略的研究.电网技术,2004,28(16):1~6
[19] S Sensarma P, R Padiyar K, V Ramanarayanan. Analysis and performance evaluation of a distribution STATCOM for compensating voltage fluctuations. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2001,16(2):259~264
[20] Hideaki Fujita, H Akagai. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner:The Integration of Series Active Filters and Shunt Active Filters. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1998,13(2):315~322
[21]纪勇,李向荣,朱庆翔.±20Mvar新型静止无功发生器及其运行分析.电力设备,2003,4(2):8~12
[22] Chikaraishi H, Hayashi K, Mito T, et al. Line voltage detector for SMES system designed to protect from momentary voltage drop. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2004,14(2):754~757
[23] Mito Toshiyuki, Kawagoe Akifumi, Chikaraishi Hirotaka, et al. Development of UPS-SMES as a Protection from Momentary Voltage Drop. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2004,14(2):721~726
[24] Jiang Xiaohua, Liu Xun, Zhu Xiaoguang, et al. A 0.3 MJ SMES magnet of a voltage sag compensation system. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2004,14(2):717~720
[25]韩民晓,肖湘宁,徐永海.柔性化供电技术.电力系统自动化,2002,26(8):1~5
[26] H Akagi, H Sato. Control and performance of doubly-fed induction mechine intended for a flywheel energy storage system. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2002,17(1):109~116
[27] I Becker H. Electric double layer capacitor. USP:2 800 616,1957-07-23,
[28] B.E.康维.电化学超级电容器-科学原理及技术应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[29]查全性.电极过程动力学导论(第二版).北京:科学出版社,1987
[30]朱修锋,景晓燕,张密林.金属氧化物超级电容器及其应用研究进展.功能材料与器件学报,2002,8(3):325~330
[31] M Yu., Fkovich Vol, Serdyuk T. M. Electrochemical Capacitors. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry,2002,38(9):935-958
[32]张熙贵,王涛,夏保佳.一种优秀的储能器件--超级电容器.世界产品与技术,2003,(8):40~42
[33] A.K.Shukla, S.Sampath, K.Vijayamohanan. Electrochemical supercapacitors Energy storage. Current Science,2000,79(12):1656~1661
[34] Halpin S. M., Spyke R. L., Nelms R. M. Application of Double-Layer Capacitor echnology to Static Condensers for Distribution System Voltage Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,11(4):1899-1904
[35] L Duran Gomez J, N Enjeti P, A Von Jouanne. An approach to achieve ride-through of an adjustable speed drive with flyback converter modules powered by super capacitors. IEEE Trans on Industry Application,2002,38(2):514~521
[36] D Casadei, G Grandi, C Rossi. A supercapacitor-based power conditioning system for power quality improvement and uninterruptible power supply. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2002,(4):1247~1252
[37] Han Chong, Q Huang A, Li Ding, et al. Modeling and design of a transmission ultracapacitor (TUCAP) integrating modular voltage source converter with ultracapacitor energy storage. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2006:1104~1110
[38]张慧妍,韦统振,齐智平.超级电容器储能装置研究.电网技术,2006,30(8):92~96
[39] J Geza, R.E Jose. Three-phase series var compensation based on avoltage-controlled current source inverter with supplemental modulation index control. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1999,14(3):587~598
[40]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC-DC变换器的控制模型.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):46-49
[41] Changjiang Zhang, C Fitzer, K Ramachandaramurthy V, et al. Software phase-locked loop applied to dynamic voltage restorer. Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2001,(3):1033~1038
[42] Fang Zhou, San Choi, Kenneth Sng Eng Kian, et al. Study on the dynamic voltage restorer use in an isolated power supply system. Proceedings of IPEMC2004,2004,(3):1207~1212
[43]陈坚.电力电子学--电力电子变换和控制.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[44] L Moran, D Ziogas P, G Joos. Design aspects of synchronous PWM rectifier-inverter systems under unbalanced input voltage conditions. IEEE Trans on Industry Application,1992,28(6):1286~1293
[45] Hong-Seok Song, Hyun-Gyu Park, Kwanghee Nam. An instantaneous phase angle detection algorithm under unbalanced line voltage condition. IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1999,(1):533~537
[46] H.S Song, K Nam. Instantaneous phase-angle estimation algorithm under unbalanced voltage-sag conditions. IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution,2000,147(6):409~415
[47]王群,姚为正,王兆安.低通滤波器对谐波检测电路的影响.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(4):5~8
[48] Hochgraf Clark, Lasster Robert H. Statcom controls for operation with unbalanced voltages. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(2):538~544
[49]雷建平.基于IGBT的单相正弦波逆变器的研究和设计[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学图书馆,2005