基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统设计
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摘要
混凝土作为一种建筑材料广泛地应用于我国基础设施建设中，然而混凝土建筑物出现裂缝的现象十分普遍，因此，对混凝土抗裂性能的研究显得尤为紧迫和突出。对混凝土抗裂性能的深入研究，可定量评价水泥混凝土的抗裂性能，为混凝土设计与施工提供准确的指导，并为原材料的选用与配合比提供可靠的依据。
本文为温度—应力试验机温湿控制系统中的一个横向课题。针对目前便携式数据采集系统存在的关键问题，结合基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统的主要功能，选用USB2.0总线作为开发数据采集系统的接口总线，设计了数据采集系统的系统结构和软件构架，完成了基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统的硬件设计和软件设计，具体内容如下：
基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统的硬件设计为本文的重点，分为数据采集模块、数字信号处理模块、USB接口模块等3部分进行。数据采集模块主要完成模拟信号的隔离、放大以及采样，16路模拟信号由4片A／D转换器采样后送入板卡的数据总线；数字信号处理模块主要包括DSP的存储扩展、与PC机的串口通讯及DSP的上电引导方法，最后通过USB2.0总线接将经过DSP处理的数上传到PC机。
基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统软件设计，主要包括固件程序、USB系统驱动程序和应用程序3部分，而USB系统驱动程序又分为USB客户驱动程序、USB驱动程序(USED)和USB主控制器驱动程序(HCD)。对于硬件部分的功能模块，要求每个功能模块应有对应的驱动子程序。主机应用程序根据软件部分要实现的功能进行划分实现了系统与上位机的通讯功能。
As one kind of tignum, concrete is widely used in infrastructure construction in our country. The research of the concrete crack resistance is urgent need, which was due to the common existing of concrete structure crack. Deep research of the concrete crack resistance can get the quantitative evaluation of the concrete crack resistance performance; provide accurate instruction for the design of concrete construction and reliable basis for raw material selection with the mixture ratio.
This dissertation is a separation problem of temperature & humidity control system in temperature-stress testing machine. Based on the investigation and study, key questions of current portable data acquisition system are analyzed. Combining with main function of target system, technology of USB with protocol in version 2.0 is adopted as interface bus of data acquisition system, the system structure and software framework are designed. Hardware and software design of portable data acquisition system based on DSP are completed. The detail of dissertation reads as follows.
Hardware design of portable data acquisition system based on DSP is the focal point in dissertation, which is composed of three sections, data acquisition module, digital signal processing module and USB interface module. The isolation, amplification and acquisition of analog signals are completed in data acquisition module; 16-channal analog signals are sampled by four pieces of Analog-to-Digital Converter then transmitted to data bus in data acquisition card. Memory expansion and electrify bootstrap of DSP, serial interface communication with PC are completed in digital signal processing module, finally, processed data are transmitted to PC with USB.
Three sections of Firmware program, USB system drive and application program are included in software design of portable data acquisition system based on DSP. In addition, USB system drive is separated into USB client drive, USB equipment drive and USB host control drive. There are corresponding subroutine drives in hardware functional module. According to software functional partitioning realized data communication with upper machine in USB host application program.
本文为温度—应力试验机温湿控制系统中的一个横向课题。针对目前便携式数据采集系统存在的关键问题，结合基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统的主要功能，选用USB2.0总线作为开发数据采集系统的接口总线，设计了数据采集系统的系统结构和软件构架，完成了基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统的硬件设计和软件设计，具体内容如下：
基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统的硬件设计为本文的重点，分为数据采集模块、数字信号处理模块、USB接口模块等3部分进行。数据采集模块主要完成模拟信号的隔离、放大以及采样，16路模拟信号由4片A／D转换器采样后送入板卡的数据总线；数字信号处理模块主要包括DSP的存储扩展、与PC机的串口通讯及DSP的上电引导方法，最后通过USB2.0总线接将经过DSP处理的数上传到PC机。
基于DSP的便携式数据采集系统软件设计，主要包括固件程序、USB系统驱动程序和应用程序3部分，而USB系统驱动程序又分为USB客户驱动程序、USB驱动程序(USED)和USB主控制器驱动程序(HCD)。对于硬件部分的功能模块，要求每个功能模块应有对应的驱动子程序。主机应用程序根据软件部分要实现的功能进行划分实现了系统与上位机的通讯功能。
As one kind of tignum, concrete is widely used in infrastructure construction in our country. The research of the concrete crack resistance is urgent need, which was due to the common existing of concrete structure crack. Deep research of the concrete crack resistance can get the quantitative evaluation of the concrete crack resistance performance; provide accurate instruction for the design of concrete construction and reliable basis for raw material selection with the mixture ratio.
This dissertation is a separation problem of temperature & humidity control system in temperature-stress testing machine. Based on the investigation and study, key questions of current portable data acquisition system are analyzed. Combining with main function of target system, technology of USB with protocol in version 2.0 is adopted as interface bus of data acquisition system, the system structure and software framework are designed. Hardware and software design of portable data acquisition system based on DSP are completed. The detail of dissertation reads as follows.
Hardware design of portable data acquisition system based on DSP is the focal point in dissertation, which is composed of three sections, data acquisition module, digital signal processing module and USB interface module. The isolation, amplification and acquisition of analog signals are completed in data acquisition module; 16-channal analog signals are sampled by four pieces of Analog-to-Digital Converter then transmitted to data bus in data acquisition card. Memory expansion and electrify bootstrap of DSP, serial interface communication with PC are completed in digital signal processing module, finally, processed data are transmitted to PC with USB.
Three sections of Firmware program, USB system drive and application program are included in software design of portable data acquisition system based on DSP. In addition, USB system drive is separated into USB client drive, USB equipment drive and USB host control drive. There are corresponding subroutine drives in hardware functional module. According to software functional partitioning realized data communication with upper machine in USB host application program.
引文
[1] 张涛，覃维祖．混凝土早期变形与开裂敏感性评价．建筑技术，2005，36(4)：296～300
[2] 张涛，覃维祖．混凝土早期开裂敏感性评价．凝土，2005，25(1)：16～24
[3] 毛宗源．生产过程数据采集系统的研究与设计．电子技术应用，2001(9)：20～22
[4] 徐德炳，徐兴．数据采集与总线技术的发展．测控技术，2002，21(6)：1～6
[5] 胡广书．数字信号处理理论、算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[6] 李利．DSP处理器结构的发展现状及趋势．高性能计算机技术，2004，3(6)：19～22
[7] 彭启踪，李玉柏，管庆．DSP技术的发展与应用[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2002
[8] 王敬利，刘德忠．现场总线控制技术在数据采集与监控中的应用，机械与电子，2007，1(2)：41～43
[9] 蒋志迪，刘尉悦，李福翠．USB数据传输中缓冲结构的硬件实现，宁波大学学报(理工版)，2007，20(1)：1～4
[10] 高丽珍，张晓明．基于PXI总线高速数据采集板的设计．科技情报开发与经济，2006(19)：204～205
[11] 范逸之，陈立元．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．北京：中国青年出版社，2002
[12] 杨俊峰，何浩，武杰．多通道高速数据采集系统及其Windows程序设计．西安：电子工程出版社，2002
[13] 田之继．基于TMS320VC5402的手持式振动测试仪设计．电子设计应用，2003，10(11)：48～50
[14] 郑红，吴冠．TMS320C54X DSP应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2002
[15] 郭保娟，向新．一种数字语音通信系统的DSP实现．IC与元器件，2003，7(10)：60～63
[16] 汤金宽，吴裕冰，曹丹华．基于DSP平台的USB接口设计．技术纵横，2003，10(12)：31～34
[17] 陈建洲，陈劲松．基于TMS320C54X系列DSP系统的USB接口设计．计算机工程与应用，2005，5(14)：101～104
[18] 郭继燕，王遵立，王瑞光．总线现状及其未来发展．光机电信息，2003，19(1)：107～109
[19] 刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1992
[20] 萧世文．USB2.0硬件设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[21] 王秀清，于祯．基于TMS320VC54X的USB2.0硬件接口设计．微机算机信息，2004，8(9)：95～99
[22] 吴爱国，刘林山．基于DSP的USB数据通信系统的设计．世界电子元器件，2004，5(2)：70～72
[23] 刘海鸿，王勇，徐卫东等．基于USB总线的投影仪控制系统．现代电子技术，2005，7(22)：37～40
[24] 黄天戌，黎英平，张军，等．基于DSP的变压器保护装置中利用USB与PC通信．电子元器件应用，2004，3(10)：12～16
[25] 张雄飞，方方．Windows平台下数据采集串口通讯的实现．计算机自动测量与控制，2002．6(1)：89～92
[26] Wu, An～Yeu, Liu, K. J. Ray, Raghupathy, Arun. Digital signal processing. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 1998.8(1): 54～73
[27] Chang, Yun～Nan, Wang, Ching～Yi, Parhi, Keshab K. Digital signal processing applications with the TMS320 family. Vol. 1, Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology, 1998.19(3): 243～256.
[28] Sun, Jiangbo, Chen, Houjin. Optimization of DSP virtual machine (DSPVM) in embedded DSP. International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings, 2004,136～139
[29] Zhan, Guohua, Zhang, Liang, Yuan, Zhenming; Xu, Jianju, Research of serial communication in visual environment based on PC, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference for You Computer Scientist: in Computer Science and Technology in New Century, 2001,188～191
[30] Ahmed, Hassan, Kline, Richard B. Recent advances in DSP systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1991, 32～45
[31] Pop, Paul. Embedded systems design. Optimization challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v 3524, Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems: Second International Conference, CPAIOR 2005, Proceedings, 2005, 16～19
[32] Neilsen, Mitchell L, Lenhert, Donald H., Mizuno, Masaaki, Singh, Gurdip, Zhang, Naiqian, Gross, Amy B. An interdisciplinary curriculum on real～time embedded systems. ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, 2002 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Vive L'ingenieur, 2002, 5813～5823
[33] Carlini, Alessio; Buttazzo, Giorgio C. An efficient time representation for real～time embedded systems. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2003, 705～712
[34] Borcea, Cristia, Iyer, Deepa, Kang, Porlin, Saxena, Akhilesh, Iftode, Liviu. Cooperative computing for distributed embedded systems. Proceedings～International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2002, 227～236
[35] Green, P. N, Edwards, M. D. Object oriented development method for reconfigurable embedded systems. IEE Proceedings: Computers and Digital Techniques, 2000, 152-158.
[36] Alvarez, J. M. , Diaz, M., Llopis, L.Pimentel, E.Troya, J.M. An object-oriented methodology for embedded real-time systems. Computer Journal, 2003, 122-145.
[37] Liu, Yun-Sheng, Xia, Jia~Li, Xu, Gui-Ping. Transactions schedule of embedded database systems. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2002,1692-1697.
[38] Zhang, Qi, Li, Qing, Dai, Yunyang, Kuo, C. ～C. Jay. Reducing memory bank conflict for embedded multimedia systems. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 2004,471-474
[39] Gadre, Dhananjay V. RISC controller backs frequency counter, Electronic Design, 2002, 76-77
[40] Chawla, P, Alexander, P. Automated reuse support for design of embedded avionics systems. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2001, 62-68.
[2] 张涛，覃维祖．混凝土早期开裂敏感性评价．凝土，2005，25(1)：16～24
[3] 毛宗源．生产过程数据采集系统的研究与设计．电子技术应用，2001(9)：20～22
[4] 徐德炳，徐兴．数据采集与总线技术的发展．测控技术，2002，21(6)：1～6
[5] 胡广书．数字信号处理理论、算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[6] 李利．DSP处理器结构的发展现状及趋势．高性能计算机技术，2004，3(6)：19～22
[7] 彭启踪，李玉柏，管庆．DSP技术的发展与应用[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2002
[8] 王敬利，刘德忠．现场总线控制技术在数据采集与监控中的应用，机械与电子，2007，1(2)：41～43
[9] 蒋志迪，刘尉悦，李福翠．USB数据传输中缓冲结构的硬件实现，宁波大学学报(理工版)，2007，20(1)：1～4
[10] 高丽珍，张晓明．基于PXI总线高速数据采集板的设计．科技情报开发与经济，2006(19)：204～205
[11] 范逸之，陈立元．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．北京：中国青年出版社，2002
[12] 杨俊峰，何浩，武杰．多通道高速数据采集系统及其Windows程序设计．西安：电子工程出版社，2002
[13] 田之继．基于TMS320VC5402的手持式振动测试仪设计．电子设计应用，2003，10(11)：48～50
[14] 郑红，吴冠．TMS320C54X DSP应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2002
[15] 郭保娟，向新．一种数字语音通信系统的DSP实现．IC与元器件，2003，7(10)：60～63
[16] 汤金宽，吴裕冰，曹丹华．基于DSP平台的USB接口设计．技术纵横，2003，10(12)：31～34
[17] 陈建洲，陈劲松．基于TMS320C54X系列DSP系统的USB接口设计．计算机工程与应用，2005，5(14)：101～104
[18] 郭继燕，王遵立，王瑞光．总线现状及其未来发展．光机电信息，2003，19(1)：107～109
[19] 刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1992
[20] 萧世文．USB2.0硬件设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[21] 王秀清，于祯．基于TMS320VC54X的USB2.0硬件接口设计．微机算机信息，2004，8(9)：95～99
[22] 吴爱国，刘林山．基于DSP的USB数据通信系统的设计．世界电子元器件，2004，5(2)：70～72
[23] 刘海鸿，王勇，徐卫东等．基于USB总线的投影仪控制系统．现代电子技术，2005，7(22)：37～40
[24] 黄天戌，黎英平，张军，等．基于DSP的变压器保护装置中利用USB与PC通信．电子元器件应用，2004，3(10)：12～16
[25] 张雄飞，方方．Windows平台下数据采集串口通讯的实现．计算机自动测量与控制，2002．6(1)：89～92
[26] Wu, An～Yeu, Liu, K. J. Ray, Raghupathy, Arun. Digital signal processing. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 1998.8(1): 54～73
[27] Chang, Yun～Nan, Wang, Ching～Yi, Parhi, Keshab K. Digital signal processing applications with the TMS320 family. Vol. 1, Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology, 1998.19(3): 243～256.
[28] Sun, Jiangbo, Chen, Houjin. Optimization of DSP virtual machine (DSPVM) in embedded DSP. International Conference on Signal Processing Proceedings, 2004,136～139
[29] Zhan, Guohua, Zhang, Liang, Yuan, Zhenming; Xu, Jianju, Research of serial communication in visual environment based on PC, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference for You Computer Scientist: in Computer Science and Technology in New Century, 2001,188～191
[30] Ahmed, Hassan, Kline, Richard B. Recent advances in DSP systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1991, 32～45
[31] Pop, Paul. Embedded systems design. Optimization challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v 3524, Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems: Second International Conference, CPAIOR 2005, Proceedings, 2005, 16～19
[32] Neilsen, Mitchell L, Lenhert, Donald H., Mizuno, Masaaki, Singh, Gurdip, Zhang, Naiqian, Gross, Amy B. An interdisciplinary curriculum on real～time embedded systems. ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, 2002 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Vive L'ingenieur, 2002, 5813～5823
[33] Carlini, Alessio; Buttazzo, Giorgio C. An efficient time representation for real～time embedded systems. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2003, 705～712
[34] Borcea, Cristia, Iyer, Deepa, Kang, Porlin, Saxena, Akhilesh, Iftode, Liviu. Cooperative computing for distributed embedded systems. Proceedings～International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2002, 227～236
[35] Green, P. N, Edwards, M. D. Object oriented development method for reconfigurable embedded systems. IEE Proceedings: Computers and Digital Techniques, 2000, 152-158.
[36] Alvarez, J. M. , Diaz, M., Llopis, L.Pimentel, E.Troya, J.M. An object-oriented methodology for embedded real-time systems. Computer Journal, 2003, 122-145.
[37] Liu, Yun-Sheng, Xia, Jia~Li, Xu, Gui-Ping. Transactions schedule of embedded database systems. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, 2002,1692-1697.
[38] Zhang, Qi, Li, Qing, Dai, Yunyang, Kuo, C. ～C. Jay. Reducing memory bank conflict for embedded multimedia systems. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 2004,471-474
[39] Gadre, Dhananjay V. RISC controller backs frequency counter, Electronic Design, 2002, 76-77
[40] Chawla, P, Alexander, P. Automated reuse support for design of embedded avionics systems. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2001, 62-68.