紫花苜蓿对小麦的化感效应研究
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摘要
（1）为了探讨紫花苜蓿化感效应及干旱条件下化感与水分竞争的关系，运用二氯甲烷CH2Cl2分离提取了紫花苜蓿根际土里所含根系分泌物,并运用气相色谱和质谱联合仪(GC-MS)进行了鉴定,对典型的分泌物羟基苯甲酸的生物学效应进行了测试,结果表明,紫花苜蓿根系分泌物主要有:有机酸,酚类,烷烃,环烷烃,烯烃,酯类,醇类,胺类,稠环芳香族化合物等。
（2）羟基苯甲酸是一种自毒作用大于化感作用的化感物质。在不同浓度的羟基苯甲酸环境下对小麦进行了发芽试验。低浓度的羟基苯甲酸(150×10-6mol／L)对小麦发芽起促进作用。高浓度羟基苯甲酸(450×10-6mol／L)对砂培小麦发芽率的抑制大于对芽干重的抑制。
（3）盆栽条件在供水不足时(田间持水量的45％和60％),无论单播还是混播,小麦生长均受到抑制,竞争作用大于化感作用。供水充足时(田间持水量的75％)混播较单播有利于小麦生长，间作对小麦生长各项指标的化感正效应大于单作。干旱胁迫环境苜蓿与小麦间作，竞争大于化感作用。
（4）在低N环境中竞争大于化感作用，N丰富环境中竞争作用小于化感作用。
（5）在定西半坡实验地苜蓿与小麦间隔带,小麦地离间隔带越近,土壤水分含量有降低趋势,苜蓿与小麦对水分竞争越激烈,小麦矮化现象越严重，化感现象越明显。随着距边界两侧越远，苜蓿与小麦同层水分含量差异越明显，距离80cm时差异极显著(P≤0.01)。
In order to investigate the allelopathic effect of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L) andthe relationship of water competition with the allelopathic effect under the droughtcondition, Root-exudates of alfalfa seedlings were extracted by dichloromethane,and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined instrument(GC-MS), and the bio-characteristics of typical exudation which were3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were tested through germination experiment.The results reflected that root exudates of alfalfa mainly included straight-chainalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alcohols, methyl thiophenol, benzene, phenols, esters,heterocyclic aniline, naphthylamine, phenolic acids and polycyclic aromaticcompounds.
Typical exudation3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was a kind ofallelochemical showsed stronger allelopathic effect on itself than on other crops.3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde promoted sprouting of wheat at lowconcentrations(150×10-6mol／L), At high concentrations(450×10-6mol／L), but ithibited sprouting of the seedlings planted in sand more seriously than to the dry rootweight.
When water supplied inadequate(45％,60％holding Water capacity of the soil),whether unicast or mixed sowing, wheat growth was inhibited in a pot experiment, thecompetition is greater than allelopathy. Under the condition of the sufficient watersupplied, multiple system is better than mono system on wheat growth,andallelopathic effect showed less negative effect yield havest under intercropping thanmono croping. Intercropping of alfalfa and wheat under the stress of the dryenvironment, competition is greater than allelopathy.
Competing effect superiority allelopathic effect under under the condition of lownitrogen supplies. competing under under the condition of inferior allelopathiceffect strength nitrogen abundant.
In Dingxi the experiment of Alfalfa and wheat interval zone, Wheat distanceinterval with the closer, the soil moisture content decreased slightly, Alfalfa and wheatto moisture competition is intense, Wheat dwarf is the more serious and allelopathicphenomenon more obvious. With the farther away from the sides of the border, alfalfaand wheat the same layer moisture content differences more obvious，when distanceis80cm differences highly significant。
（2）羟基苯甲酸是一种自毒作用大于化感作用的化感物质。在不同浓度的羟基苯甲酸环境下对小麦进行了发芽试验。低浓度的羟基苯甲酸(150×10-6mol／L)对小麦发芽起促进作用。高浓度羟基苯甲酸(450×10-6mol／L)对砂培小麦发芽率的抑制大于对芽干重的抑制。
（3）盆栽条件在供水不足时(田间持水量的45％和60％),无论单播还是混播,小麦生长均受到抑制,竞争作用大于化感作用。供水充足时(田间持水量的75％)混播较单播有利于小麦生长，间作对小麦生长各项指标的化感正效应大于单作。干旱胁迫环境苜蓿与小麦间作，竞争大于化感作用。
（4）在低N环境中竞争大于化感作用，N丰富环境中竞争作用小于化感作用。
（5）在定西半坡实验地苜蓿与小麦间隔带,小麦地离间隔带越近,土壤水分含量有降低趋势,苜蓿与小麦对水分竞争越激烈,小麦矮化现象越严重，化感现象越明显。随着距边界两侧越远，苜蓿与小麦同层水分含量差异越明显，距离80cm时差异极显著(P≤0.01)。
In order to investigate the allelopathic effect of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L) andthe relationship of water competition with the allelopathic effect under the droughtcondition, Root-exudates of alfalfa seedlings were extracted by dichloromethane,and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined instrument(GC-MS), and the bio-characteristics of typical exudation which were3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were tested through germination experiment.The results reflected that root exudates of alfalfa mainly included straight-chainalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alcohols, methyl thiophenol, benzene, phenols, esters,heterocyclic aniline, naphthylamine, phenolic acids and polycyclic aromaticcompounds.
Typical exudation3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was a kind ofallelochemical showsed stronger allelopathic effect on itself than on other crops.3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde promoted sprouting of wheat at lowconcentrations(150×10-6mol／L), At high concentrations(450×10-6mol／L), but ithibited sprouting of the seedlings planted in sand more seriously than to the dry rootweight.
When water supplied inadequate(45％,60％holding Water capacity of the soil),whether unicast or mixed sowing, wheat growth was inhibited in a pot experiment, thecompetition is greater than allelopathy. Under the condition of the sufficient watersupplied, multiple system is better than mono system on wheat growth,andallelopathic effect showed less negative effect yield havest under intercropping thanmono croping. Intercropping of alfalfa and wheat under the stress of the dryenvironment, competition is greater than allelopathy.
Competing effect superiority allelopathic effect under under the condition of lownitrogen supplies. competing under under the condition of inferior allelopathiceffect strength nitrogen abundant.
In Dingxi the experiment of Alfalfa and wheat interval zone, Wheat distanceinterval with the closer, the soil moisture content decreased slightly, Alfalfa and wheatto moisture competition is intense, Wheat dwarf is the more serious and allelopathicphenomenon more obvious. With the farther away from the sides of the border, alfalfaand wheat the same layer moisture content differences more obvious，when distanceis80cm differences highly significant。
引文
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