灌区水文生态系统的综合评价研究
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摘要
综合评价灌区水文生态系统现状实现灌区的科学化管理，是一项新的研究课题。
本文所选择的研究区为陕西关中泾惠渠灌区，该灌区的研究前人已在单学科内分析地下水、地表水或生态要素方面取得了较多成果。笔者运用俄罗斯学者提出的多因子信息控制模型，以泾惠渠灌区的地表水-植被-地下水-土壤-大气作为灌区水文生态系统的研究对象，进行了探索性地综合研究：分析了地表水、植被变化及其与气温、降水的联系；研究了灌区地下水的水文化学特征；探讨了灌区土壤中氮元素、重金属等在土壤中的运移规律；追踪了大气传输方向对灌区的影响；在考虑人为活动影响因素的条件下，利用因子分析和建立多因子信息控制模型，对灌区水文生态系统进行定量的评价研究，并根据地下水环境的反馈信息评估了研究区的水文生态状况。本文主要研究内容如下：
（1）利用水文、气候资料和卫星观测植被数据，分析了泾惠渠灌区水文系统对水、热变化的响应；泾惠渠灌区水、热以及灌溉水量变化对农作物（植被）丰度的影响。
（2）基于采取灌区地下水样测验数据，研究了泾惠渠灌区水文生态系统的区域地球化学特征。
（3）基于采取灌区土壤样品测验数据，分析了泾惠渠灌区水文生态系统的农业土壤现状。
（4）采用混合单粒子拉格朗日积分模型（HYSPLIT模型）探索性地追踪了不同来源的气团对灌区水文生态系统的影响。
（5）借助因子分析法和多因子信息控制模型，定量评价研究了泾惠渠灌区水文生态系统现状，并进一步分析了影响因子与地下水中污染元素（NO3-、As、Cu、Cr和Hg）的作用机理。
本论文的研究成果深化了对灌区水文生态系统的认识，对灌区水文生态系统现状的综合评价研究可为实现灌区生态文明建设提供科学参考。
The comprehensive evaluation of current-status of the hydrological ecosystem overIrrigation District to fulfill the scientific management of Irrigation District is a new researchfield.
The dissertation chooses the Jinghui Canal Irrigation District of Shaanxi province as thestudy region. The existing research on this Irrigation District has achieved fruitful resultsfocusing on the analysis of ground water， surface water or ecological factors within a singlediscipline. The author utilized the multi-factor information controlling model proposed byRussian scholars to perform exploratory and comprehensive research on the study object ofIrrigation District hydrological ecosystem including surface water， vegetation，underground water， soil and atmosphere subsystems. The changes in surface water andvegetation cover and their relationships with temperature and precipitation were analyzed.The chemical characteristics of underground water were investigated. The migrationmechanisms of Nitrogen and heavy metal elements in soil were explored. The contributionsof atmosphere transporting directions to local pollution were traced. With consideration ofhuman activities， by using factors analysis and establishing multi-factor informationcontrolling model， the quantitative evaluation of Irrigation District hydrological ecosystemwas performed. Also the current hydrological status of Irrigation District was determinedaccording to the feedback information from the underground water. The main contents aresummarized as follows:
1.By using hydrological and meteorological data from station observations andvegetation cover data from satellite observations， the responses of Irrigation Districthydrological system to the changes in temperature and precipitation， and the effects ofchanges in local precipitation， temperature and the amount of irrigation water on thevegetation cover over the Jinghui Canal Irrigation District were investigated.
2.Based on the sample testing data of underground water， the geochemicalcharacteristics of hydrological ecosystem over Jinghui Canal Irrigation District were studied.
3.Based on the sample testing data of surface soil， the current status of agricultural soil over Jinghui Canal Irrigation District was analyzed.
4.By employing the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian IntegratedTrajectory) model， the effects of airflows coming from different directions on the pollutionof hydrological ecosystem over Jinghui Canal Irrigation District were traced.
5.By utilizing the factors analysis and establishing multi-factor information controllingmodel， the quantitative evaluation of Irrigation District hydrological ecosystem wasperformed. Furthermore， the interaction mechanisms between the impact factors andunderground water pollution elements (NO3-， As， Cu， Cr and Hg) were analyzed.
The results deepen the understanding of Irrigation District hydrological ecosystem. Thecomprehensive evaluation of the current-status of the hydrological ecosystem can providescientific references for fulfilling the construction of ecological civilization over IrrigationDistricts.
本文所选择的研究区为陕西关中泾惠渠灌区，该灌区的研究前人已在单学科内分析地下水、地表水或生态要素方面取得了较多成果。笔者运用俄罗斯学者提出的多因子信息控制模型，以泾惠渠灌区的地表水-植被-地下水-土壤-大气作为灌区水文生态系统的研究对象，进行了探索性地综合研究：分析了地表水、植被变化及其与气温、降水的联系；研究了灌区地下水的水文化学特征；探讨了灌区土壤中氮元素、重金属等在土壤中的运移规律；追踪了大气传输方向对灌区的影响；在考虑人为活动影响因素的条件下，利用因子分析和建立多因子信息控制模型，对灌区水文生态系统进行定量的评价研究，并根据地下水环境的反馈信息评估了研究区的水文生态状况。本文主要研究内容如下：
（1）利用水文、气候资料和卫星观测植被数据，分析了泾惠渠灌区水文系统对水、热变化的响应；泾惠渠灌区水、热以及灌溉水量变化对农作物（植被）丰度的影响。
（2）基于采取灌区地下水样测验数据，研究了泾惠渠灌区水文生态系统的区域地球化学特征。
（3）基于采取灌区土壤样品测验数据，分析了泾惠渠灌区水文生态系统的农业土壤现状。
（4）采用混合单粒子拉格朗日积分模型（HYSPLIT模型）探索性地追踪了不同来源的气团对灌区水文生态系统的影响。
（5）借助因子分析法和多因子信息控制模型，定量评价研究了泾惠渠灌区水文生态系统现状，并进一步分析了影响因子与地下水中污染元素（NO3-、As、Cu、Cr和Hg）的作用机理。
本论文的研究成果深化了对灌区水文生态系统的认识，对灌区水文生态系统现状的综合评价研究可为实现灌区生态文明建设提供科学参考。
The comprehensive evaluation of current-status of the hydrological ecosystem overIrrigation District to fulfill the scientific management of Irrigation District is a new researchfield.
The dissertation chooses the Jinghui Canal Irrigation District of Shaanxi province as thestudy region. The existing research on this Irrigation District has achieved fruitful resultsfocusing on the analysis of ground water， surface water or ecological factors within a singlediscipline. The author utilized the multi-factor information controlling model proposed byRussian scholars to perform exploratory and comprehensive research on the study object ofIrrigation District hydrological ecosystem including surface water， vegetation，underground water， soil and atmosphere subsystems. The changes in surface water andvegetation cover and their relationships with temperature and precipitation were analyzed.The chemical characteristics of underground water were investigated. The migrationmechanisms of Nitrogen and heavy metal elements in soil were explored. The contributionsof atmosphere transporting directions to local pollution were traced. With consideration ofhuman activities， by using factors analysis and establishing multi-factor informationcontrolling model， the quantitative evaluation of Irrigation District hydrological ecosystemwas performed. Also the current hydrological status of Irrigation District was determinedaccording to the feedback information from the underground water. The main contents aresummarized as follows:
1.By using hydrological and meteorological data from station observations andvegetation cover data from satellite observations， the responses of Irrigation Districthydrological system to the changes in temperature and precipitation， and the effects ofchanges in local precipitation， temperature and the amount of irrigation water on thevegetation cover over the Jinghui Canal Irrigation District were investigated.
2.Based on the sample testing data of underground water， the geochemicalcharacteristics of hydrological ecosystem over Jinghui Canal Irrigation District were studied.
3.Based on the sample testing data of surface soil， the current status of agricultural soil over Jinghui Canal Irrigation District was analyzed.
4.By employing the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian IntegratedTrajectory) model， the effects of airflows coming from different directions on the pollutionof hydrological ecosystem over Jinghui Canal Irrigation District were traced.
5.By utilizing the factors analysis and establishing multi-factor information controllingmodel， the quantitative evaluation of Irrigation District hydrological ecosystem wasperformed. Furthermore， the interaction mechanisms between the impact factors andunderground water pollution elements (NO3-， As， Cu， Cr and Hg) were analyzed.
The results deepen the understanding of Irrigation District hydrological ecosystem. Thecomprehensive evaluation of the current-status of the hydrological ecosystem can providescientific references for fulfilling the construction of ecological civilization over IrrigationDistricts.
引文
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