红树植物红海榄、白骨壤叶片衰老过程中氮磷和单宁含量季节动态
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摘要
本研究以红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)为研究对象,比较分析了两种红树植物叶片的氮磷含量、内吸收效率、内吸收程度、成熟叶氮磷比及季节变化;同时对红海榄叶片总酚、缩合单宁含量、蛋白质结合能力及季节变化规律进行了研究;并探讨了红海榄叶片总酚与氮磷含量及成熟叶氮磷比之间的相关性,研究结果显示:
1.广西山口两种红树植物叶片氮磷含量存在明显的种间差异,红海榄四个季节成熟叶和衰老叶中氮含量平均值分别为:9.35±0.88 mg·g~(-1)和1.45±0.92mg·g~(-1),白骨壤分别为:17.26±1.43 mg·g~(-1)和6.07±1.34 mg·g~(-1):红海榄四个季节成熟叶和衰老叶中磷含量平均值分别为:1.04±0.08 mg·g~(-1)和0.55±0.09mg·g~(-1),白骨壤分别为:1.58±0.26 mg·g~(-1)和0.67±0.08 mg·g~(-1),白骨壤叶片氮磷含量均显著高于红海榄。
随着叶片的衰老,两种红树叶片氮磷含量都显著降低,发生了不同程度的内吸收,红海榄和白骨壤氮平均內吸收效率分别为84.79%和64.71%,磷平均内吸收效率分别为47.75%和57.05%;两种红树氮内吸收效率显著高于磷内吸收效率,另外,与白骨壤相比,红海榄具有较高的氮内吸收效率,而磷内吸收效率则低于白骨壤,随着季节的变化,两种红树氮磷含量基本都表现为冬春季较高,夏秋季较低。
红海榄成熟叶氮磷比随着季节的变化在8.24±0.29～9.79±1.12之间波动,白骨壤则在9.21±0.91～13.98±1.87之间波动,表明两种红树都存在氮限制,并且红海榄比白骨壤表现更为明显的氮限制。
红海榄和白骨壤衰老叶中氮含量分别为0.15%和0.61%,磷含量分别为0.06%和0.07%,根据Killingbeck完全内吸收的标准(衰老叶中氮、磷含量低于0.7%和0.05%),表明了两种红树均为氮的完全内吸收和磷的不完全内吸收。
2.广东湛江高桥、广西山口两个地点红海榄成熟叶和衰老叶氮磷含量存在差异;湛江高侨红海榄叶片氮磷含量显著高于山口。
随着叶片的衰老,两个地点红海榄叶片氮磷含量都显著降低,发生了不同程度的内吸收,湛江高桥红海榄氮内吸收效率(83.51%)与山口红海榄氮内吸收效率(84.79%)接近;湛江高桥红海榄磷内吸收效率(43.28%)与山口红海榄磷内吸收效率(47.75%)基本一致,两个地点红海榄均具有比较高的氮内吸收效率,并且氮内吸收效率显著高于磷内吸收效率;随着季节的变化,两个地点红海榄叶片氮磷含量基本都表现为冬春季较高,夏秋季较低。
湛江高桥红海榄四个季节氮磷比在8.72±0.46～9.76±0.79之间,且波动平缓,表明同样存在氮限制。
湛江高桥和山口红海榄衰老叶中的氮平均含量分别为:0.20%和0.15%,磷平均含量分别为0.07%和0.06%,根据标准,同样两个地点红海榄均为氮的完全内吸收和磷的不完全内吸收。
3.广东湛江高桥和广西山口红海榄叶片总酚、缩合单宁及蛋白质结合能力,除了两个地点成熟叶之间蛋白质结合能力存在显著差异外,其余均不存在显著差异,两个地点红海榄叶片总酚含量不同季节介于125.13±37.06～286.55±58.06mg·g~(-1)之间,总缩合单宁含量不同季节介于47.69±7.83～127.42±4.81 mg·g~(-1)之间,并且总缩合单宁中将近90%以上都是可溶缩合单宁,结合缩合单宁只占总缩合单宁的一小部分。两个地点红海榄蛋白质结合能力介于182.76±54.19～1047.49±182.73 cm~2·g~(-1)之间。
随着叶片的衰老,两个地点总酚、可溶缩合单宁、总缩合单宁及蛋白质结合能力基本升高,但结合缩合单宁下降:随着季节的变化,总酚和缩合单宁含量基本为秋冬较高,春夏较低,蛋白质结合能力则表现为冬春强于秋夏,与上述氮磷含量的季节变化规律相类似。
4.两个地点红海榄总酚和氮磷及成熟叶氮磷比的相关性分析表明:红海榄叶片总酚含量与氮磷含量之间均存在显著负相关,但与成熟叶氮磷比之间没有显著相关性。
5.与白骨壤相比,红海榄适应潮间带生境的营养保存机制体现在以下方面:高的营养内吸收效率,低的营养损失以及高的单宁水平。
The seasonal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,resorption efficiency(RE) and resorption proficiency(RP) of N and P,nitrogen to phosphorus ratios(N:P) in the leaves of Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina were studied. In addition,the seasonal dynamics of total phenolics(TP),extractable condensed tannin(ECT),bound condensed tannin(BCT) and total condensed tannin(TCT) contents and protein precipitation capacity(PPC) of R.stylosa leaves at two sites were discussed.Furthermore,the relationships between TP and nutrient concentrations,TP and N:P of R.stylosa leaves were also studied.
The results showed as follows:
1.There was significant difference in the N and P concentrations of the leaves between R.stylosa and A.marina at Shankou,Guangxi province.The N concentrations of mature and senescent leaves averaged 9.35±0.88 mg·g~(-1) and 1.45±0.92 mg·g~(-1) for R.stylosa,and 17.26±1.43 mg·g~(-1) and 6.07±1.34 mg·g~(-1) for A. marina respectively.The P concentrations of mature and senescent leaves averaged 1.04±0.08 mg·g~(-1) and 0.55±0.09mg·g~(-1) for R.stylosa,and 1.58±0.26 mg·g~(-1) and 0.67±0.08 mg·g~(-1) for A.marina respectively.The N and P concentrations of A. marina leaves were significantly higher than those of R.stylosa leaves.
The N and P concentrations both decreased with leaf senescence for R.stylosa and A.marina,indicating that N and P were resorbed before leaf abscission.The average N resorption efficiency was 84.79%for R.stylosa and 64.71%for A.marina, and the P resorption efficiency averaged 47.75%for R.stylosa and 57.05%for A. marina.The NRE of R.stylosa was higher than that of A.marina,but the PRE was lower than that of A.marina.The seasonal dynamics of N and P concentrations were similar for R.stylosa and A.marina,higher in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn.
The N:P ratio in the mature leaves ranged from 9.02±0.90 to 11.20±2.14 for R. stylosa and from 9.21±0.91 to 13.98±1.87 for A.marina respectively,indicating both R.stylosa and A.marina were N-limited.The NRE was higher than PRE for two species at the same site.In addition,average N and P concentrations in senescent leaves were 0.15%and 0.06%for R.stylosa,and 0.61%and 0.07%for A.marina respectively,which were in the range indicative of complete resorption of N,and incomplete resorption of P.
2.The N and P concentrations of R.stylosa leaves at Gaoqiao of Zhanjiang city in Guangdong province were higher than those of R.stylosa leaves at Shankou in Guangxi province.The N and P concentrations of R.stylosa at both sites decreased with leaf senescence.The NRE and PRE of R.stylosa at Gaoqiao were close to those at Shankou.The N and P concentrations of R.stylosa leaves at both sites were higher in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn.
The N:P ratio in mature leaves of R.stylosa at Gaoqiao ranged from 8.72±0.46 to 9.76±0.79,also showing N-limitation.The NRE for R.stylosa at two sites were higher than PRE.In addition,average N and P concentrations in senescent leaves were 0.20%and 0.07%at Gaoqiao,and 0.15%and 0.06%at Shankou,which were in the range indicative of complete resorption of N,and incomplete resorption of P.
3.There was no significant difference for TP,ECT,BCE,TCT of R.stylosa at both sites,except for the PPC in mature leaves of R.stylosa at Shankou and Gaoqiao. The TP and TCT contents of R.stylosa at both sites were from 125.13±37.06 mg·g~(-1) to 286.55±58.06 mg·g~(-1),and from 47.69±7.83 to 127.42±4.81 mg·g~(-1) respectively. ECT accounted for 90%in TCT.The PPC of R.stylosa at both sites were from 182.76±54.19 to 1047.49±182.73 cm~2·g~(-1).TP,ECT,TCT concents and PPC of R.stylosa leaves almost increased,while BCT decreased with senescence at two sites.TP,ECT, TCT contents were higher in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer, while,PPC,which was consistent with the observation of nutrients,was higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn.
4.There was a significantly negative linear relationship between TP and nutrient contents,while no significant relationships were observed between TP in mature and senescent leaves and N:P of R.stylosain leaves at both sites.
5.Compared to A.marina,R.stylosa had more advantage mechanisms of adaptation in the intertidal coastline surroundings,including higher resorption efficiency,lower nutrient losses and higher tannins level.
1.广西山口两种红树植物叶片氮磷含量存在明显的种间差异,红海榄四个季节成熟叶和衰老叶中氮含量平均值分别为:9.35±0.88 mg·g~(-1)和1.45±0.92mg·g~(-1),白骨壤分别为:17.26±1.43 mg·g~(-1)和6.07±1.34 mg·g~(-1):红海榄四个季节成熟叶和衰老叶中磷含量平均值分别为:1.04±0.08 mg·g~(-1)和0.55±0.09mg·g~(-1),白骨壤分别为:1.58±0.26 mg·g~(-1)和0.67±0.08 mg·g~(-1),白骨壤叶片氮磷含量均显著高于红海榄。
随着叶片的衰老,两种红树叶片氮磷含量都显著降低,发生了不同程度的内吸收,红海榄和白骨壤氮平均內吸收效率分别为84.79%和64.71%,磷平均内吸收效率分别为47.75%和57.05%;两种红树氮内吸收效率显著高于磷内吸收效率,另外,与白骨壤相比,红海榄具有较高的氮内吸收效率,而磷内吸收效率则低于白骨壤,随着季节的变化,两种红树氮磷含量基本都表现为冬春季较高,夏秋季较低。
红海榄成熟叶氮磷比随着季节的变化在8.24±0.29～9.79±1.12之间波动,白骨壤则在9.21±0.91～13.98±1.87之间波动,表明两种红树都存在氮限制,并且红海榄比白骨壤表现更为明显的氮限制。
红海榄和白骨壤衰老叶中氮含量分别为0.15%和0.61%,磷含量分别为0.06%和0.07%,根据Killingbeck完全内吸收的标准(衰老叶中氮、磷含量低于0.7%和0.05%),表明了两种红树均为氮的完全内吸收和磷的不完全内吸收。
2.广东湛江高桥、广西山口两个地点红海榄成熟叶和衰老叶氮磷含量存在差异;湛江高侨红海榄叶片氮磷含量显著高于山口。
随着叶片的衰老,两个地点红海榄叶片氮磷含量都显著降低,发生了不同程度的内吸收,湛江高桥红海榄氮内吸收效率(83.51%)与山口红海榄氮内吸收效率(84.79%)接近;湛江高桥红海榄磷内吸收效率(43.28%)与山口红海榄磷内吸收效率(47.75%)基本一致,两个地点红海榄均具有比较高的氮内吸收效率,并且氮内吸收效率显著高于磷内吸收效率;随着季节的变化,两个地点红海榄叶片氮磷含量基本都表现为冬春季较高,夏秋季较低。
湛江高桥红海榄四个季节氮磷比在8.72±0.46～9.76±0.79之间,且波动平缓,表明同样存在氮限制。
湛江高桥和山口红海榄衰老叶中的氮平均含量分别为:0.20%和0.15%,磷平均含量分别为0.07%和0.06%,根据标准,同样两个地点红海榄均为氮的完全内吸收和磷的不完全内吸收。
3.广东湛江高桥和广西山口红海榄叶片总酚、缩合单宁及蛋白质结合能力,除了两个地点成熟叶之间蛋白质结合能力存在显著差异外,其余均不存在显著差异,两个地点红海榄叶片总酚含量不同季节介于125.13±37.06～286.55±58.06mg·g~(-1)之间,总缩合单宁含量不同季节介于47.69±7.83～127.42±4.81 mg·g~(-1)之间,并且总缩合单宁中将近90%以上都是可溶缩合单宁,结合缩合单宁只占总缩合单宁的一小部分。两个地点红海榄蛋白质结合能力介于182.76±54.19～1047.49±182.73 cm~2·g~(-1)之间。
随着叶片的衰老,两个地点总酚、可溶缩合单宁、总缩合单宁及蛋白质结合能力基本升高,但结合缩合单宁下降:随着季节的变化,总酚和缩合单宁含量基本为秋冬较高,春夏较低,蛋白质结合能力则表现为冬春强于秋夏,与上述氮磷含量的季节变化规律相类似。
4.两个地点红海榄总酚和氮磷及成熟叶氮磷比的相关性分析表明:红海榄叶片总酚含量与氮磷含量之间均存在显著负相关,但与成熟叶氮磷比之间没有显著相关性。
5.与白骨壤相比,红海榄适应潮间带生境的营养保存机制体现在以下方面:高的营养内吸收效率,低的营养损失以及高的单宁水平。
The seasonal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,resorption efficiency(RE) and resorption proficiency(RP) of N and P,nitrogen to phosphorus ratios(N:P) in the leaves of Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina were studied. In addition,the seasonal dynamics of total phenolics(TP),extractable condensed tannin(ECT),bound condensed tannin(BCT) and total condensed tannin(TCT) contents and protein precipitation capacity(PPC) of R.stylosa leaves at two sites were discussed.Furthermore,the relationships between TP and nutrient concentrations,TP and N:P of R.stylosa leaves were also studied.
The results showed as follows:
1.There was significant difference in the N and P concentrations of the leaves between R.stylosa and A.marina at Shankou,Guangxi province.The N concentrations of mature and senescent leaves averaged 9.35±0.88 mg·g~(-1) and 1.45±0.92 mg·g~(-1) for R.stylosa,and 17.26±1.43 mg·g~(-1) and 6.07±1.34 mg·g~(-1) for A. marina respectively.The P concentrations of mature and senescent leaves averaged 1.04±0.08 mg·g~(-1) and 0.55±0.09mg·g~(-1) for R.stylosa,and 1.58±0.26 mg·g~(-1) and 0.67±0.08 mg·g~(-1) for A.marina respectively.The N and P concentrations of A. marina leaves were significantly higher than those of R.stylosa leaves.
The N and P concentrations both decreased with leaf senescence for R.stylosa and A.marina,indicating that N and P were resorbed before leaf abscission.The average N resorption efficiency was 84.79%for R.stylosa and 64.71%for A.marina, and the P resorption efficiency averaged 47.75%for R.stylosa and 57.05%for A. marina.The NRE of R.stylosa was higher than that of A.marina,but the PRE was lower than that of A.marina.The seasonal dynamics of N and P concentrations were similar for R.stylosa and A.marina,higher in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn.
The N:P ratio in the mature leaves ranged from 9.02±0.90 to 11.20±2.14 for R. stylosa and from 9.21±0.91 to 13.98±1.87 for A.marina respectively,indicating both R.stylosa and A.marina were N-limited.The NRE was higher than PRE for two species at the same site.In addition,average N and P concentrations in senescent leaves were 0.15%and 0.06%for R.stylosa,and 0.61%and 0.07%for A.marina respectively,which were in the range indicative of complete resorption of N,and incomplete resorption of P.
2.The N and P concentrations of R.stylosa leaves at Gaoqiao of Zhanjiang city in Guangdong province were higher than those of R.stylosa leaves at Shankou in Guangxi province.The N and P concentrations of R.stylosa at both sites decreased with leaf senescence.The NRE and PRE of R.stylosa at Gaoqiao were close to those at Shankou.The N and P concentrations of R.stylosa leaves at both sites were higher in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn.
The N:P ratio in mature leaves of R.stylosa at Gaoqiao ranged from 8.72±0.46 to 9.76±0.79,also showing N-limitation.The NRE for R.stylosa at two sites were higher than PRE.In addition,average N and P concentrations in senescent leaves were 0.20%and 0.07%at Gaoqiao,and 0.15%and 0.06%at Shankou,which were in the range indicative of complete resorption of N,and incomplete resorption of P.
3.There was no significant difference for TP,ECT,BCE,TCT of R.stylosa at both sites,except for the PPC in mature leaves of R.stylosa at Shankou and Gaoqiao. The TP and TCT contents of R.stylosa at both sites were from 125.13±37.06 mg·g~(-1) to 286.55±58.06 mg·g~(-1),and from 47.69±7.83 to 127.42±4.81 mg·g~(-1) respectively. ECT accounted for 90%in TCT.The PPC of R.stylosa at both sites were from 182.76±54.19 to 1047.49±182.73 cm~2·g~(-1).TP,ECT,TCT concents and PPC of R.stylosa leaves almost increased,while BCT decreased with senescence at two sites.TP,ECT, TCT contents were higher in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer, while,PPC,which was consistent with the observation of nutrients,was higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn.
4.There was a significantly negative linear relationship between TP and nutrient contents,while no significant relationships were observed between TP in mature and senescent leaves and N:P of R.stylosain leaves at both sites.
5.Compared to A.marina,R.stylosa had more advantage mechanisms of adaptation in the intertidal coastline surroundings,including higher resorption efficiency,lower nutrient losses and higher tannins level.
引文
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