高速率相干光通信调制与发射技术的研究
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摘要
空间光通信以其高带宽、高码率、高保密性及抗干扰等优点成为光通信发展的新方向,而相干光通信以其灵敏度高,中继距离长,选择性好,通信容量大,具有多种调制方式等众多优点,成为各国学者争相研究的热点,也成为未来空间激光通信技术发展中极具潜力的选择。
本文对相干光通信发射系统进行了详细的研究,发射系统中信号光波长选择1550nm,激光器选择1550nm的DFB半导体激光器;调制采用外调制方式,外调制器选用铌酸锂MZ调制器;为了满足高速率,采用差分相移键控(DPSK)调制,并对RZ-DPSK和CSRZ-DPSK调制信号进行了详细的研究,并仿真得出了它们的输出时域图和频谱图,通过对仿真结果的分析,得出了CSRZ-DPSK信号性能要优于RZ-DPSK信号,满足高速率相干光通信发射系统的要求。另外,还对高速铌酸锂调制器的驱动电路进行了研究。
在相干光通信中,要求信号光具有确定的频率和相位,才能进行相干解调。这就要求激光器的谱线宽度非常窄、频率稳定。采用CFP腔光学弱反馈的方法对激光器的线宽进行压窄;采用饱和吸收法对激光器进行稳频,达到系统技术指标的要求。
Free space optical communication becomes a new direction of optical communications because of its advantages as broad bandwidth, high bit rate, high security and good performance on anti-jamming. With the high sensitivity, long distance relay, good selectivity, communication capacity ,a variety of modulation and many other advantages, the coherent optical communication becomes a hot research from various countries' scholars and a very potential choice of the future development of space laser communication technologies.
In this paper, we carried out a detailed study of coherent optical communications Launch System.We selected the signal light wavelength of 1550nm and DFB semiconductor laser in Launch System.We chose external modulation and external LiNbO_3 MZ modulator. In order to meet the high-speed, we used differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation, and we carried out a detailed study of RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK modulation signal. We simulated their output time-domain diagram and spectrum diagram.Through the analysis of simulation results, we reached that the CSRZ-DPSK signal had better performance than RZ-DPSK signal, which meet the high-speed coherent optical communication launch system. In addition, we studied the drive circuit of high-speed LiNbO_3 modulator .
In order to carry out coherent demodulation,coherent optical communication requires the signal light with a defined frequency and phase.This requires that laser had a very narrow spectral width and frequency stability. We used the weak CFP cavity optical feedback method to press laser narrow linewidth and stabled the laser frequency by Saturated absorption, which meet the requirements of the system specifications.
本文对相干光通信发射系统进行了详细的研究,发射系统中信号光波长选择1550nm,激光器选择1550nm的DFB半导体激光器;调制采用外调制方式,外调制器选用铌酸锂MZ调制器;为了满足高速率,采用差分相移键控(DPSK)调制,并对RZ-DPSK和CSRZ-DPSK调制信号进行了详细的研究,并仿真得出了它们的输出时域图和频谱图,通过对仿真结果的分析,得出了CSRZ-DPSK信号性能要优于RZ-DPSK信号,满足高速率相干光通信发射系统的要求。另外,还对高速铌酸锂调制器的驱动电路进行了研究。
在相干光通信中,要求信号光具有确定的频率和相位,才能进行相干解调。这就要求激光器的谱线宽度非常窄、频率稳定。采用CFP腔光学弱反馈的方法对激光器的线宽进行压窄;采用饱和吸收法对激光器进行稳频,达到系统技术指标的要求。
Free space optical communication becomes a new direction of optical communications because of its advantages as broad bandwidth, high bit rate, high security and good performance on anti-jamming. With the high sensitivity, long distance relay, good selectivity, communication capacity ,a variety of modulation and many other advantages, the coherent optical communication becomes a hot research from various countries' scholars and a very potential choice of the future development of space laser communication technologies.
In this paper, we carried out a detailed study of coherent optical communications Launch System.We selected the signal light wavelength of 1550nm and DFB semiconductor laser in Launch System.We chose external modulation and external LiNbO_3 MZ modulator. In order to meet the high-speed, we used differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation, and we carried out a detailed study of RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK modulation signal. We simulated their output time-domain diagram and spectrum diagram.Through the analysis of simulation results, we reached that the CSRZ-DPSK signal had better performance than RZ-DPSK signal, which meet the high-speed coherent optical communication launch system. In addition, we studied the drive circuit of high-speed LiNbO_3 modulator .
In order to carry out coherent demodulation,coherent optical communication requires the signal light with a defined frequency and phase.This requires that laser had a very narrow spectral width and frequency stability. We used the weak CFP cavity optical feedback method to press laser narrow linewidth and stabled the laser frequency by Saturated absorption, which meet the requirements of the system specifications.
引文
[1]于运波.全光通信及其关键技术.工程技术.2007,941(92):15-20
[2]刘喜斌.相干光通信.现代通信.1998,6
[3]黄学田,张成良,张燕玲.超长距离光传输系统.通信产业报.2004,9(29)
[4]姚建铨,于意仲.光电子技术.高等教育出版社,2006:103-140
[5]樊昌信,徐炳祥等.通信原理.国防工业出版社,2001:236-284
[6]江月松,李亮,钟宇.光电信息技术基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[7]David Christian Hovde,Joseph T.Hodges,Gregory E.Scace.Wavelength- modulation laser hygrometer for ultrasensitive detection of water vapor in semiconductor gases.2008,12(11):49-54
[8]应用在超高速光传输系统里的新兴调制方式.光纤通信.2005:52-53
[9]徐坤,周光涛,伍剑等.基于LINbO3光波导调制器高速光码型.北京邮电大学学报.2004,27(4):50-54
[10]Kaminow I P,Li T Y.Optical fiber telecommunications Ⅳ systems and impairments[A].Academic Press[C].USA,2002:862-901.
[11]许远忠等.光传送网中的关键光器件.电信科学.2003,6:27-32.
[12]Akira Hirnao et al.,Novel modulation formats in ultra-high-speed optical transmission systems,and their applications[A],Proc.OFC2004[C],ThMI.2003:32-40
[13]R.M.Gagliardi,S.Karp.optical Communication:Wiley Series in Telecommunication and Signal Processing New York.2001,5
[14]Gnauck A.40-Gb/s RZ-differential phase shift keyed transmission[A].OFC 2003[C].THE1,2003.
[15]Hirano A,Miyamoto Y,Kuwahara S.Performances of CSRZ-DPSK and RZ-DPSK in 43-Gbit/s/ch DWDM G.652single-mode-fiber transmission[A].OFC 2003[C].THE4,2003.
[16]刘文超.砷化镓基高温HBT器件及其特性研究:[硕士学位论文].上海:中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所,2004:4-23
[17]Liu W.Handbook of Ⅲ-Ⅴ heterojunction bipolai transistors.Texas Instruments.1998
[18]Bayraktaroglu B,Salib M.Unconditional thermally stable cascode GaAs HBT's for microwave applications.IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 1997;7(7):187-189
[19]J.Siteh.HBTs in telecommunications,Solid-state Electron,1997,41(10):1397-1405
[20]S.Chandrasekrar.Optoelectronic system integration using InP-based HBTs for lightwave communications.Solid- state Electron,1997,41(10):1413-1417.
[21]袁志鹏,刘洪刚,刘训春等.10Gb/s光调制器InGaP/GaAs HBT驱动电路的研制.电子学报,2004,32(11):1782-1784.
[22]张龙海,刘训春.10Gb/sTSC-HBT光调制器驱动电路设计.半导体技术,2001,26(9):9-11.
[23]石瑞英,刘训春.用新的电路形式提高HBT光调制器驱动电路的传输速率及性能.半导体学报,2003,24(s):534-537.
[24]姜彬.新型电光调制器原理与电路设计:[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2007
[25]KOJIMA K,KYUMA K,NAKAMURA T.Analysis of the spectral linewidth of distributed feedback laser diodes [J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1985,3(5):1048-1055.
[26]Pan Zhenwu,HU Zhaoyang,Ma Xinyu,et al.Study of light source for resonant integrated optical rotation sensor[J].Infrared and Laser Engineer ing,2000,29(3):56-59.
[27]罗毅,黄缙,孙长征.窄线宽半导体激光器件.红外与激光工程.2007,36(2)
[28]INABA Y,KITO M,OHYA J,et al.Gain-coupled DFB lasers with reduced optical confinement for narrow spectral-linewidth[C]IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference,1998:71-72.
[29]BISSESSUR H,STARCK C,EMERY J-Y,et al.Very narrow-linewidth(70 kHz) 1.55 μm strained MQW DFB lasers [J].Electronics Letter s,1992,28(11):998-999.
[30]JIN Shaozheng,L1 Yongqing,XIAO Min.Single-mode diode laser with a large frequency-scanning range based on weak grating feedback[J].Appl Opt,1996,35(9):1436-1441.
[31]王波,姚景芹,武海斌等.半导体激光器的线宽压窄及频率连续调谐.量子光学学报.2004,10(2):82-86
[32]HARVEY K C,MYATT CJ.External-cavity diode laser using a grazing incidence diffraction grating[J].Opt Lett,1991,16(12):910-912.
[33]CHEN Xuzong.YAO Jiliang,LI Yimin,et al.A narrow linewidth diode laser for high resolution spectroscopy and its properties[J].Acta Optical Sinica(光学学报),1996,16(10):1383-1388.
[34]FIQUEROA L,LAU K Y,YEN H W.Studies of GaAlAs injection lasers operating with an optical fiber resonator [J].J Appl Pbys,1980,51(11):3062-3071.
[35]DAHMANI B,HOLLBERGL,DRULLINGER R.Frequency stabilization of semiconductor lasers by resonant optical feedback[J].OptLett,1987,12(11):876-878.
[36]EMMERICH A,MCINTYRE D H,SCHROPP D,et al.Optically stabilized narrow linewidth semiconductor laser for resolutionspectroscopy[J].Opt Comm,1990,75(2):118-122.
[37]AURENT P H,CLAIRON A,BR*ANT C H.Frequency noise analysis of optically self- locked diode lasers[J].IEEE J QuantumEletron,1989,25(6):1131-1141.
[38]蓝信钜.激光技术.科学出版社.2000
[39]潘文.半导体激光器稳频技术的研究.常州工业技术学院学报(综合版).1998,5
[40]潘文,胡渝.半导体激光器饱和吸收稳频概论.半导体杂志.1996,21(4)
[41]蔡伯荣.激光器件.湖南科学技术出版社,1988:215-267
[42]汪巍.大气激光载波通信系统研究:[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学.2007
[43][日]斋藤富士郎,崔承甲译.超高速光器件.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[44]Ronan O'Dowd.Tunable and Agile Laser Transmitter Developments for Future DWDM Optical Networks:Towards Managed Wavelength Control and Switching.Photonic Network Communications,2000,2,1:97-103.
[45]周天宏,江山,任海兰等.光通信用可调谐激光器技术研究发展.光电子技术与信息.2004,17(5):1-5.
[46]甘小勇.高速铌酸锂波导电光调制器关键投术研究:[博士学位论文].电子科技大学.2004
[47]吴建红.高速光传输系统的调制格式及其性能分析:[硕士学位论文].西安电子科技大学.2007
[48]黄章勇.光电子器件和组件.北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[49]王成巍.高速光纤传输系统中相位调制技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安电子科技大学.2007
[50]郝斌,顾婉仪.光差分相移键控调制原理.北京邮电大学通信中心
[2]刘喜斌.相干光通信.现代通信.1998,6
[3]黄学田,张成良,张燕玲.超长距离光传输系统.通信产业报.2004,9(29)
[4]姚建铨,于意仲.光电子技术.高等教育出版社,2006:103-140
[5]樊昌信,徐炳祥等.通信原理.国防工业出版社,2001:236-284
[6]江月松,李亮,钟宇.光电信息技术基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[7]David Christian Hovde,Joseph T.Hodges,Gregory E.Scace.Wavelength- modulation laser hygrometer for ultrasensitive detection of water vapor in semiconductor gases.2008,12(11):49-54
[8]应用在超高速光传输系统里的新兴调制方式.光纤通信.2005:52-53
[9]徐坤,周光涛,伍剑等.基于LINbO3光波导调制器高速光码型.北京邮电大学学报.2004,27(4):50-54
[10]Kaminow I P,Li T Y.Optical fiber telecommunications Ⅳ systems and impairments[A].Academic Press[C].USA,2002:862-901.
[11]许远忠等.光传送网中的关键光器件.电信科学.2003,6:27-32.
[12]Akira Hirnao et al.,Novel modulation formats in ultra-high-speed optical transmission systems,and their applications[A],Proc.OFC2004[C],ThMI.2003:32-40
[13]R.M.Gagliardi,S.Karp.optical Communication:Wiley Series in Telecommunication and Signal Processing New York.2001,5
[14]Gnauck A.40-Gb/s RZ-differential phase shift keyed transmission[A].OFC 2003[C].THE1,2003.
[15]Hirano A,Miyamoto Y,Kuwahara S.Performances of CSRZ-DPSK and RZ-DPSK in 43-Gbit/s/ch DWDM G.652single-mode-fiber transmission[A].OFC 2003[C].THE4,2003.
[16]刘文超.砷化镓基高温HBT器件及其特性研究:[硕士学位论文].上海:中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所,2004:4-23
[17]Liu W.Handbook of Ⅲ-Ⅴ heterojunction bipolai transistors.Texas Instruments.1998
[18]Bayraktaroglu B,Salib M.Unconditional thermally stable cascode GaAs HBT's for microwave applications.IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 1997;7(7):187-189
[19]J.Siteh.HBTs in telecommunications,Solid-state Electron,1997,41(10):1397-1405
[20]S.Chandrasekrar.Optoelectronic system integration using InP-based HBTs for lightwave communications.Solid- state Electron,1997,41(10):1413-1417.
[21]袁志鹏,刘洪刚,刘训春等.10Gb/s光调制器InGaP/GaAs HBT驱动电路的研制.电子学报,2004,32(11):1782-1784.
[22]张龙海,刘训春.10Gb/sTSC-HBT光调制器驱动电路设计.半导体技术,2001,26(9):9-11.
[23]石瑞英,刘训春.用新的电路形式提高HBT光调制器驱动电路的传输速率及性能.半导体学报,2003,24(s):534-537.
[24]姜彬.新型电光调制器原理与电路设计:[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2007
[25]KOJIMA K,KYUMA K,NAKAMURA T.Analysis of the spectral linewidth of distributed feedback laser diodes [J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1985,3(5):1048-1055.
[26]Pan Zhenwu,HU Zhaoyang,Ma Xinyu,et al.Study of light source for resonant integrated optical rotation sensor[J].Infrared and Laser Engineer ing,2000,29(3):56-59.
[27]罗毅,黄缙,孙长征.窄线宽半导体激光器件.红外与激光工程.2007,36(2)
[28]INABA Y,KITO M,OHYA J,et al.Gain-coupled DFB lasers with reduced optical confinement for narrow spectral-linewidth[C]IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference,1998:71-72.
[29]BISSESSUR H,STARCK C,EMERY J-Y,et al.Very narrow-linewidth(70 kHz) 1.55 μm strained MQW DFB lasers [J].Electronics Letter s,1992,28(11):998-999.
[30]JIN Shaozheng,L1 Yongqing,XIAO Min.Single-mode diode laser with a large frequency-scanning range based on weak grating feedback[J].Appl Opt,1996,35(9):1436-1441.
[31]王波,姚景芹,武海斌等.半导体激光器的线宽压窄及频率连续调谐.量子光学学报.2004,10(2):82-86
[32]HARVEY K C,MYATT CJ.External-cavity diode laser using a grazing incidence diffraction grating[J].Opt Lett,1991,16(12):910-912.
[33]CHEN Xuzong.YAO Jiliang,LI Yimin,et al.A narrow linewidth diode laser for high resolution spectroscopy and its properties[J].Acta Optical Sinica(光学学报),1996,16(10):1383-1388.
[34]FIQUEROA L,LAU K Y,YEN H W.Studies of GaAlAs injection lasers operating with an optical fiber resonator [J].J Appl Pbys,1980,51(11):3062-3071.
[35]DAHMANI B,HOLLBERGL,DRULLINGER R.Frequency stabilization of semiconductor lasers by resonant optical feedback[J].OptLett,1987,12(11):876-878.
[36]EMMERICH A,MCINTYRE D H,SCHROPP D,et al.Optically stabilized narrow linewidth semiconductor laser for resolutionspectroscopy[J].Opt Comm,1990,75(2):118-122.
[37]AURENT P H,CLAIRON A,BR*ANT C H.Frequency noise analysis of optically self- locked diode lasers[J].IEEE J QuantumEletron,1989,25(6):1131-1141.
[38]蓝信钜.激光技术.科学出版社.2000
[39]潘文.半导体激光器稳频技术的研究.常州工业技术学院学报(综合版).1998,5
[40]潘文,胡渝.半导体激光器饱和吸收稳频概论.半导体杂志.1996,21(4)
[41]蔡伯荣.激光器件.湖南科学技术出版社,1988:215-267
[42]汪巍.大气激光载波通信系统研究:[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学.2007
[43][日]斋藤富士郎,崔承甲译.超高速光器件.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[44]Ronan O'Dowd.Tunable and Agile Laser Transmitter Developments for Future DWDM Optical Networks:Towards Managed Wavelength Control and Switching.Photonic Network Communications,2000,2,1:97-103.
[45]周天宏,江山,任海兰等.光通信用可调谐激光器技术研究发展.光电子技术与信息.2004,17(5):1-5.
[46]甘小勇.高速铌酸锂波导电光调制器关键投术研究:[博士学位论文].电子科技大学.2004
[47]吴建红.高速光传输系统的调制格式及其性能分析:[硕士学位论文].西安电子科技大学.2007
[48]黄章勇.光电子器件和组件.北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[49]王成巍.高速光纤传输系统中相位调制技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安电子科技大学.2007
[50]郝斌,顾婉仪.光差分相移键控调制原理.北京邮电大学通信中心