基于实时信息的电网调度操作票专家系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着人工智能技术的发展和电网综合自动化的日臻完善,计算机代替人工开列操作票已成必然趋势。近年来,经过国内外科研人员的不懈努力,操作票的自动生成取得了长足的发展。但主要在以下几个方面仍存在不足:通用性较差,由于电网结构复杂,运行方式千变万化,各地操作术语差异等,导致推广困难;独立性较差,由于各主站系统的不同,调用实时数据的方式不一,甚至无法调用,操作票自动生成系统过于依赖主站;维护性较差,资源维护环境不理想,用户不能方便参与对系统资源进行扩充、修改和维护,导致系统缺乏生命力。
本文对电网调度操作票专家系统进行研究,试图为解决上述问题做出一些尝试。本系统中融合了专家系统理论、面向对象程序设计和数据库管理系统三方面知识,并以新密地区电网为对象加以实现,主要工作如下:
通过采用框架表示法来描述电力系统的设备参数,建构了一个直观的、层次分明的数据结构,并应用面向对象的程序设计方法加以实现。
通过运用产生式表示法定义“规则架+规则体”分层结构描述电网操作知识,建立有弹性机制的、独立的、通用性的操作规则库;基于此规则设计通用推理算法,使得推理机能够跟踪电网运行方式变化。
通过电力规约解释主站SCADA系统转发的实时数据来刷新设备状态,保证了设备状态的实时性,确保了开票的正确率,同时保证本系统的独立性,使与主站耦合性达到最小。
通过以新密地区电网为实际对象开发调度操作票专家系统,在实现过程中采用模块化设计并分别实现,其中包括实时数据接口模块、网络拓扑绘图模块、操作票管理模块、系统管理模块和数据库管理模块等。
With the development of artificial intelligence technology and power system integrated automation is getting more sophisticated, Computer artificial replacement operation has become an inevitable trend. In recent years, researchers’tireless efforts of operation automatic generation have made considerable development. But mainly in the following areas is still deficient: Generalness, as the power-system is complex and ever-changing mode of operation, rule differences, leading to the promotion of difficulties; Independent, as the main system, called the real-time data mixed, Operation Instructions expert system is overly dependent on the main station; Maintenance, resources for the preservation of the environment is not ideal, users can facilitate the participation of system resources for the expansion, modification and maintenance, lead to a lack of vitality system.
In this paper, the dispatching operation expert system is in an attempt to resolve these issues. The system combines the expert system theory, object-oriented programming and database management system, and Xinmi areas targeted to be achieved, the main ones are as follows.
Use frame law to describe the power system equipment parameters and constructs a visual, structured data structure and object-oriented software design methods to achieve. Establish flexible, independent, universal rules to describe operational knowledge by the use of production law definition of "rules-rules body" hierarchical structure; Based on this general rule designed inference algorithm, make inference engine to track network operating mode changes.
Interpret the main station transmit real-time data to update equipment condition, guarantee that the equipment state of real-time, meanwhile ensuring the independence of the system, so that to minimize coupling.
Explore dispatching operation instructions expert system oriented to the Xinmi’s network, including real-time data communication module, network topology drawing module, operation management module, system management module and database management module.
本文对电网调度操作票专家系统进行研究,试图为解决上述问题做出一些尝试。本系统中融合了专家系统理论、面向对象程序设计和数据库管理系统三方面知识,并以新密地区电网为对象加以实现,主要工作如下:
通过采用框架表示法来描述电力系统的设备参数,建构了一个直观的、层次分明的数据结构,并应用面向对象的程序设计方法加以实现。
通过运用产生式表示法定义“规则架+规则体”分层结构描述电网操作知识,建立有弹性机制的、独立的、通用性的操作规则库;基于此规则设计通用推理算法,使得推理机能够跟踪电网运行方式变化。
通过电力规约解释主站SCADA系统转发的实时数据来刷新设备状态,保证了设备状态的实时性,确保了开票的正确率,同时保证本系统的独立性,使与主站耦合性达到最小。
通过以新密地区电网为实际对象开发调度操作票专家系统,在实现过程中采用模块化设计并分别实现,其中包括实时数据接口模块、网络拓扑绘图模块、操作票管理模块、系统管理模块和数据库管理模块等。
With the development of artificial intelligence technology and power system integrated automation is getting more sophisticated, Computer artificial replacement operation has become an inevitable trend. In recent years, researchers’tireless efforts of operation automatic generation have made considerable development. But mainly in the following areas is still deficient: Generalness, as the power-system is complex and ever-changing mode of operation, rule differences, leading to the promotion of difficulties; Independent, as the main system, called the real-time data mixed, Operation Instructions expert system is overly dependent on the main station; Maintenance, resources for the preservation of the environment is not ideal, users can facilitate the participation of system resources for the expansion, modification and maintenance, lead to a lack of vitality system.
In this paper, the dispatching operation expert system is in an attempt to resolve these issues. The system combines the expert system theory, object-oriented programming and database management system, and Xinmi areas targeted to be achieved, the main ones are as follows.
Use frame law to describe the power system equipment parameters and constructs a visual, structured data structure and object-oriented software design methods to achieve. Establish flexible, independent, universal rules to describe operational knowledge by the use of production law definition of "rules-rules body" hierarchical structure; Based on this general rule designed inference algorithm, make inference engine to track network operating mode changes.
Interpret the main station transmit real-time data to update equipment condition, guarantee that the equipment state of real-time, meanwhile ensuring the independence of the system, so that to minimize coupling.
Explore dispatching operation instructions expert system oriented to the Xinmi’s network, including real-time data communication module, network topology drawing module, operation management module, system management module and database management module.
引文
[1]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析. (第三版).武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2005. 5～250
[2]刘介才.工厂供电. (第四版).北京:机械工业出版社, 2005. 50~80
[3]杨以涵,唐国庆,高曙.专家系统及其在电力系统中的应用.北京:水利电力出版社, 1995. 3～36
[4] Christie Richard D, Rosenwald Gray W, Liu Chenching. AI Application Areas in Power Systems. IEEE Expert, 1997, 18(2): 58～66
[5] Nagata T, Nakayama H, Utatani M, et al. A Multi-Agent Approach to Power System Normal State Operations. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2002, 17(2): 1582～1586
[6] Mohindar S, Sachdev, Pramod Dhakal. A Computer-Aided Technique for Generating Substation Interlocking Schemes. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(1): 86～90
[7] Shi Zhenghao, Li Changhe, Feng Yaning, et al. Electric Operation Ticket Expert System Based On BP. Computer Engineering, 2003, 29(3): 26～29
[8] Qian Luojiang, Chen Qi, Zhang Min. Design and Research of Commonality of Simulation System for Operation Order in Substations. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2004, 37(12): 53～56
[9] Takashi Abe, Hisashi Goto, Tetsuya Mizutori. An Expert System for Generating Switching Sequences at Substations. IEEE International Workshop on Artificial Intelligent for Industrial Application, 1988, 16(8): 326～331
[10] Zhang Z.Z, Hope G.S, Malik O.P. A Knowledge-Based Approach to Optimize Switching in Substations. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1990, 5(1):103～109
[11] Schulz Noel N, Wollenberg Bruce F. Incorporation of an Advanced EvaluationCriterion in an Expert System for the Creation and Evaluation of Planned Switching Sequences. IEEE Transactions on Power System, 1997, 12(3):1167～1176
[12]郑尚高.一个实用的操作票专家系统.农村电气化, 1991, 8(6): 30～32
[13]张健,朱永利,李东.操作票专家系统的研究现状及其前景.电力情报, 2002, 12(1): 61～64
[14]叶绿,史烈.变电所操作票图形辅助开票系统的设计与实现.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 1999, 11(6): 12～15
[15]杨朝君,杨乃定,卜苏滨.基于分层规则的智能操作票系统的设计.计算机工程与应用, 2004, 6(2): 209～212
[16]张文磊,王建雄.调度操作票专家系统及N-1安全分析在湖南电网中的应用.电网技术, 1996, 20(7): 63～65
[17] Xiang Tieyuan, Wu Hongqing, Xie Feng. The Research and Realization of the Automatically Forming System of Operation Tickets. in: Proceedings of IEEE Power Congress. Guadalajara, Mexico, 2002. 2140～2144
[18]杨继涛,胡明,吴琼等.电网调度操作票专家系统的设计与开发.继电器, 2004, 32(15): 45～47
[19]林媛媛,王建华,刘志峰等.智能化操作票专家系统的研究.继电器, 2005, 33(24): 59～62
[20]江振华,程时杰.基于开关逻辑的电力系统图形和操作票自动生成系统.电力自动化设备, 1999, 19(3): 12～15
[21]周明,任建文,李庚银等.基于多智能体的电网调度操作票指导系统研究与实现.中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(4): 58～63
[22]宫晶纬,孙宏斌,汤磊等.基于网络分析和智能推理的调度操作票专家系统.电网技术, 2006, 30(17): 19～24
[23]李秋燕,郭伟,顾飞飞.基于分层规则的市级调度操作票自动生成系统.继电器, 2006, 34(4): 61～65
[24] Deng Yuehui, Zhang Boming, Yang Yihang. An Application of Expert System toEquipment Operation of 500kV Substation. in: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress. Hefei, China, 2000. 171～175
[25]陆承宇,章文立. CIM电网模型的拓扑分析方法.浙江电力,2005, 8(4): 5～8
[26]邓岳辉.发电厂和变电所操作票生成专家系统的研究: [博士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学图书馆, 1999.
[27]国家电力调度通信中心,湖南电力调度通信局.电力调度技术标准汇编第一分册通用标准.北京:中国电力出版社, 1999. 166～229
[28]新密电业局.新密电网2006年度运行方式.河南新密:新密电业局, 2006. 1～56
[29]新密电业局.新密地区电力系统调度规程.河南新密:新密电业局, 2006. 1～89
[30]国家电力调度通信中心,湖南电力调度通信局.电力调度技术标准汇编第二分册电力调度与运行方式技术标准.北京:中国电力出版社, 1999. 197～216
[31]孙伟,魏晓东,郑喜.县级电力调度命令票自动化生成系统研究.华中电力, 2005, 18(6): 68～70
[32] Giarratano Joseph C, Riley Gray D. Expert System Principles and Programming. New York: Brook Cole, 1998. 20～56
[33]蔡自兴,徐光祐.人工智能及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 155～232
[34] Minsky M. A Framework for Representing Knowledge in Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1980. 181～187
[35] Minsky M. A Framework for Representing Knowledge in The Psychology of Computer Vision. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1975. 211～277
[36]国家电力调度通信中心,湖南电力调度通信局.电力调度技术标准汇编第四分册电力通信技术标准.北京:中国电力出版社, 1999. 255～289
[37]赵志辰,王津.关于部颁CDT规约中校验码的算法.电力系统通信, 2001, 8(2): 42～46
[38]李予州,杨宛辉,许珉等.部颁CDT循环规约的VC++程序实现.继电器, 2001, 29(4): 32～35
[39]余锐,程华.远动CDT循环规约的高级语言实施.四川电力技术, 2005, 8(2):54～56
[40]李涛,刘凯奎,王永皎. Visual C+++ SQL Server数据库开发与实例.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006. 65～356
[41] Ullman Jeffrey D, Widom Jennifer. A First Course In Database Systems. Indianapolis: Prentice Hall, 2001. 180～246
[42] Pratt Philip J, Adamsk Joseph J. The Concepts of Database Management. (Second Edition). Stamford: Course Technology, 1997. 175～208
[43]陈晓罗,李富平,刘志峰等.电力系统绘图工具软件的设计及实现.微计算机信息, 2006, 22(8): 35～37
[44]林济铿,覃岭,罗萍萍.基于图形建模的电力系统拓朴分析新方法.电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(22): 54～59
[45]郑晓波,王海滨,董秀成等.基于分层的在线生成电网调度操作票专家系统.西华大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 24(5): 40～42
[2]刘介才.工厂供电. (第四版).北京:机械工业出版社, 2005. 50~80
[3]杨以涵,唐国庆,高曙.专家系统及其在电力系统中的应用.北京:水利电力出版社, 1995. 3～36
[4] Christie Richard D, Rosenwald Gray W, Liu Chenching. AI Application Areas in Power Systems. IEEE Expert, 1997, 18(2): 58～66
[5] Nagata T, Nakayama H, Utatani M, et al. A Multi-Agent Approach to Power System Normal State Operations. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2002, 17(2): 1582～1586
[6] Mohindar S, Sachdev, Pramod Dhakal. A Computer-Aided Technique for Generating Substation Interlocking Schemes. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(1): 86～90
[7] Shi Zhenghao, Li Changhe, Feng Yaning, et al. Electric Operation Ticket Expert System Based On BP. Computer Engineering, 2003, 29(3): 26～29
[8] Qian Luojiang, Chen Qi, Zhang Min. Design and Research of Commonality of Simulation System for Operation Order in Substations. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2004, 37(12): 53～56
[9] Takashi Abe, Hisashi Goto, Tetsuya Mizutori. An Expert System for Generating Switching Sequences at Substations. IEEE International Workshop on Artificial Intelligent for Industrial Application, 1988, 16(8): 326～331
[10] Zhang Z.Z, Hope G.S, Malik O.P. A Knowledge-Based Approach to Optimize Switching in Substations. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1990, 5(1):103～109
[11] Schulz Noel N, Wollenberg Bruce F. Incorporation of an Advanced EvaluationCriterion in an Expert System for the Creation and Evaluation of Planned Switching Sequences. IEEE Transactions on Power System, 1997, 12(3):1167～1176
[12]郑尚高.一个实用的操作票专家系统.农村电气化, 1991, 8(6): 30～32
[13]张健,朱永利,李东.操作票专家系统的研究现状及其前景.电力情报, 2002, 12(1): 61～64
[14]叶绿,史烈.变电所操作票图形辅助开票系统的设计与实现.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 1999, 11(6): 12～15
[15]杨朝君,杨乃定,卜苏滨.基于分层规则的智能操作票系统的设计.计算机工程与应用, 2004, 6(2): 209～212
[16]张文磊,王建雄.调度操作票专家系统及N-1安全分析在湖南电网中的应用.电网技术, 1996, 20(7): 63～65
[17] Xiang Tieyuan, Wu Hongqing, Xie Feng. The Research and Realization of the Automatically Forming System of Operation Tickets. in: Proceedings of IEEE Power Congress. Guadalajara, Mexico, 2002. 2140～2144
[18]杨继涛,胡明,吴琼等.电网调度操作票专家系统的设计与开发.继电器, 2004, 32(15): 45～47
[19]林媛媛,王建华,刘志峰等.智能化操作票专家系统的研究.继电器, 2005, 33(24): 59～62
[20]江振华,程时杰.基于开关逻辑的电力系统图形和操作票自动生成系统.电力自动化设备, 1999, 19(3): 12～15
[21]周明,任建文,李庚银等.基于多智能体的电网调度操作票指导系统研究与实现.中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(4): 58～63
[22]宫晶纬,孙宏斌,汤磊等.基于网络分析和智能推理的调度操作票专家系统.电网技术, 2006, 30(17): 19～24
[23]李秋燕,郭伟,顾飞飞.基于分层规则的市级调度操作票自动生成系统.继电器, 2006, 34(4): 61～65
[24] Deng Yuehui, Zhang Boming, Yang Yihang. An Application of Expert System toEquipment Operation of 500kV Substation. in: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress. Hefei, China, 2000. 171～175
[25]陆承宇,章文立. CIM电网模型的拓扑分析方法.浙江电力,2005, 8(4): 5～8
[26]邓岳辉.发电厂和变电所操作票生成专家系统的研究: [博士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学图书馆, 1999.
[27]国家电力调度通信中心,湖南电力调度通信局.电力调度技术标准汇编第一分册通用标准.北京:中国电力出版社, 1999. 166～229
[28]新密电业局.新密电网2006年度运行方式.河南新密:新密电业局, 2006. 1～56
[29]新密电业局.新密地区电力系统调度规程.河南新密:新密电业局, 2006. 1～89
[30]国家电力调度通信中心,湖南电力调度通信局.电力调度技术标准汇编第二分册电力调度与运行方式技术标准.北京:中国电力出版社, 1999. 197～216
[31]孙伟,魏晓东,郑喜.县级电力调度命令票自动化生成系统研究.华中电力, 2005, 18(6): 68～70
[32] Giarratano Joseph C, Riley Gray D. Expert System Principles and Programming. New York: Brook Cole, 1998. 20～56
[33]蔡自兴,徐光祐.人工智能及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 155～232
[34] Minsky M. A Framework for Representing Knowledge in Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1980. 181～187
[35] Minsky M. A Framework for Representing Knowledge in The Psychology of Computer Vision. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1975. 211～277
[36]国家电力调度通信中心,湖南电力调度通信局.电力调度技术标准汇编第四分册电力通信技术标准.北京:中国电力出版社, 1999. 255～289
[37]赵志辰,王津.关于部颁CDT规约中校验码的算法.电力系统通信, 2001, 8(2): 42～46
[38]李予州,杨宛辉,许珉等.部颁CDT循环规约的VC++程序实现.继电器, 2001, 29(4): 32～35
[39]余锐,程华.远动CDT循环规约的高级语言实施.四川电力技术, 2005, 8(2):54～56
[40]李涛,刘凯奎,王永皎. Visual C+++ SQL Server数据库开发与实例.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006. 65～356
[41] Ullman Jeffrey D, Widom Jennifer. A First Course In Database Systems. Indianapolis: Prentice Hall, 2001. 180～246
[42] Pratt Philip J, Adamsk Joseph J. The Concepts of Database Management. (Second Edition). Stamford: Course Technology, 1997. 175～208
[43]陈晓罗,李富平,刘志峰等.电力系统绘图工具软件的设计及实现.微计算机信息, 2006, 22(8): 35～37
[44]林济铿,覃岭,罗萍萍.基于图形建模的电力系统拓朴分析新方法.电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(22): 54～59
[45]郑晓波,王海滨,董秀成等.基于分层的在线生成电网调度操作票专家系统.西华大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 24(5): 40～42