基于混沌的图像加密算法的研究及硬件实现
摘要
随着网络技术的发展和信息交换的日益频繁,信息安全问题日益突出。信息技术的发展对信息安全提出了越来越高的要求,迫切需要发展新的理论和先进的技术。对图像进行加密是保证图像信息安全的重要手段之一。现有的加密算法大多数是为保护文本信息而设计的,抗破译能力不强。所以,传统的加密算法应用于图像加密有诸多弊端,大量针对图像特点的加密方案被提出。作为新的密码技术—混沌图像加密技术已引起了国内外学者浓厚的兴趣和广泛研究。混沌是一种貌似无规则的运动,指在确定性非线性系统中,不需要附加任何随机因素亦可出现类似随机的行为内在随机性。混沌具有许多值得利用的性质,如良好的伪随机特性、轨道的不可预测性、对初始状态及结构参数的极端敏感性等一系列优良特性,这些特性与密码学的许多要求是相吻合的。图像的使用越来越广泛,因其数据量大、冗余度高,已给传统密码提出了挑战,然而混沌密码在图像信息的加密上体现了强大的优势。本文对基于混沌的图像加密技术进行了研究,主要工作如下：
首先,本文研究了混沌的基本理论,包括混沌的概念、混沌理论的形成及其发展,混沌系统的判定和主要的度量特征,重点介绍通过Lyapunov指数来判定混沌系统的方法,并在此基础上,深入研究了常用于图像信息安全的一维、二维和三维混沌映射及其特性,并介绍了几种常见的、具有代表性的图像加密方法。
其次,在分析现有混沌加密方案的基础上,针对传统的图像加密技术是一种基于像素置乱的加密算法,该类型的算法安全性低,本文提出了一种基于改进的logistic混沌映射的超混沌彩色图像加密算法。该算法采用改进后的logistic映射对图像进行置乱加密,采用高维混沌映射再对图像进行扩散加密。仿真结果证明了该算法安全性和加密效果良好,有较大抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,并且加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,相邻像素的值具有零相关特性。
再次,针对现有的混沌加密系统都是基于置乱和扩散独立进行的,本文提出了基于置乱和扩散融合的超混沌彩色图像加密系统。先利用二维logistic混沌映射迭代产生彩色图像三基色的偏移值,再用超混沌映射对图像进行扩散加密。该算法对三基色分别加密,强化了加密图像的安全性；由于是同时进行行、列全局置乱和扩散,使得相邻像素之间的相关性更小,置乱距离更大,提高了系统的复杂性,提高了破译难度。分析和仿真实验表明,该算法具有较高的加密效率,可以有效地保障加密图像的保密性和安全性。
最后,以DSP为硬件平台,将提出的图像加密算法在DM642平台上进行算法验证。实验结果表明提出的图像加密算法具有良好的加密效果,能够较好满足视频数据加密的要求。
With development of information technology and increasing frequency of information exchange, the research on information security engineering is becoming more and more important. Because of the rapid development of information technology, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a satisfactory level of information security. New information security theory and advanced technologies are required urgently. Encryption is one of the important methods to ensure images'safety. Most encryption methods are designed for text information, and some encryptions are easily to be attacked. There are many disadvantages in traditional encryptions, and a lot of encrytions for images are put forward. As a novel technology in cryptography, digital chaotic cipher has been attracted researchers dense interest and widely studeied. Chaotic dynamical system is a deterministic system and has random-like behavior. Since it is very sensitive to the initial conditions and control parameters, a large number of uncorrelated, random-like, yet deterministic and reproducible signals can be generated easily. These properties have natural affiliations with the information security technology. Challenges have been set with traditional cryptography because of the bulk data capacity and high redundancy of widely-used patterns and multimedia information, while chaotic cipher has great superiority over the encryption of multimedia information.
In this paper, digital image encryption algorithm based on chaos has been deeply reserached. The general organization of this paper is as below.
First, the fundamental chaos principles are introduced, including the concept of chaos, the development, formation and measurement features of chaos, especially the method of judging the chaos system through Lyapunov index, and based on the above, the characteristics of the chaotic maps of 1D,2D and 3D have been studied deeply. And several representative encryption algorithms based on chaos theory are also introduced.
Second, considering the security of most conventional chaos based encryption algorithm is low, to solove this problem, this paper puts forward a novel image encryption algorithm based on improved logistic chaos. The improved logistic map is used to confuse the color image, and then diffuse the confused image with a four-dimensional hyper-chaotic sequence. Simulation results demonstrate that this algorithm has good encryption effect and the key space is large enough to resist the brute-force attack. For the encrypted image, the distribution of pixel values has a random-like behavior and the values of adjacent pixels satisfy zero correlation.
Next, since most image encryption schemes based on chaos theory have independent modules for confusion and diffusion processes, this paper proposes a new kind of image encryption alogorithm utilizing integrated confusion-diffusion mechamisms. The integration allows us to incorporate chaos into the diffusion mechanism as well, a feature lacking in the traditional diffusion mechanism. First generate three values by iterating two-dimensinal logistic maps. Then, embed the confusing mechanism into diffusion by applying hyper-chaos. The algorithm has great scrambling and diffusion capability and gurantees the security of the encrypted image effectively. It improved the complexity of the encryption system and made the system more difficult to break.
At the end of this paper, the proposed image encryption algorithm is verified on the DSP platform. Experimental results show that the proposed image encryption algorithm has good encryption effect and can meet the requirements of the video data encryption.
首先,本文研究了混沌的基本理论,包括混沌的概念、混沌理论的形成及其发展,混沌系统的判定和主要的度量特征,重点介绍通过Lyapunov指数来判定混沌系统的方法,并在此基础上,深入研究了常用于图像信息安全的一维、二维和三维混沌映射及其特性,并介绍了几种常见的、具有代表性的图像加密方法。
其次,在分析现有混沌加密方案的基础上,针对传统的图像加密技术是一种基于像素置乱的加密算法,该类型的算法安全性低,本文提出了一种基于改进的logistic混沌映射的超混沌彩色图像加密算法。该算法采用改进后的logistic映射对图像进行置乱加密,采用高维混沌映射再对图像进行扩散加密。仿真结果证明了该算法安全性和加密效果良好,有较大抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,并且加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,相邻像素的值具有零相关特性。
再次,针对现有的混沌加密系统都是基于置乱和扩散独立进行的,本文提出了基于置乱和扩散融合的超混沌彩色图像加密系统。先利用二维logistic混沌映射迭代产生彩色图像三基色的偏移值,再用超混沌映射对图像进行扩散加密。该算法对三基色分别加密,强化了加密图像的安全性；由于是同时进行行、列全局置乱和扩散,使得相邻像素之间的相关性更小,置乱距离更大,提高了系统的复杂性,提高了破译难度。分析和仿真实验表明,该算法具有较高的加密效率,可以有效地保障加密图像的保密性和安全性。
最后,以DSP为硬件平台,将提出的图像加密算法在DM642平台上进行算法验证。实验结果表明提出的图像加密算法具有良好的加密效果,能够较好满足视频数据加密的要求。
With development of information technology and increasing frequency of information exchange, the research on information security engineering is becoming more and more important. Because of the rapid development of information technology, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a satisfactory level of information security. New information security theory and advanced technologies are required urgently. Encryption is one of the important methods to ensure images'safety. Most encryption methods are designed for text information, and some encryptions are easily to be attacked. There are many disadvantages in traditional encryptions, and a lot of encrytions for images are put forward. As a novel technology in cryptography, digital chaotic cipher has been attracted researchers dense interest and widely studeied. Chaotic dynamical system is a deterministic system and has random-like behavior. Since it is very sensitive to the initial conditions and control parameters, a large number of uncorrelated, random-like, yet deterministic and reproducible signals can be generated easily. These properties have natural affiliations with the information security technology. Challenges have been set with traditional cryptography because of the bulk data capacity and high redundancy of widely-used patterns and multimedia information, while chaotic cipher has great superiority over the encryption of multimedia information.
In this paper, digital image encryption algorithm based on chaos has been deeply reserached. The general organization of this paper is as below.
First, the fundamental chaos principles are introduced, including the concept of chaos, the development, formation and measurement features of chaos, especially the method of judging the chaos system through Lyapunov index, and based on the above, the characteristics of the chaotic maps of 1D,2D and 3D have been studied deeply. And several representative encryption algorithms based on chaos theory are also introduced.
Second, considering the security of most conventional chaos based encryption algorithm is low, to solove this problem, this paper puts forward a novel image encryption algorithm based on improved logistic chaos. The improved logistic map is used to confuse the color image, and then diffuse the confused image with a four-dimensional hyper-chaotic sequence. Simulation results demonstrate that this algorithm has good encryption effect and the key space is large enough to resist the brute-force attack. For the encrypted image, the distribution of pixel values has a random-like behavior and the values of adjacent pixels satisfy zero correlation.
Next, since most image encryption schemes based on chaos theory have independent modules for confusion and diffusion processes, this paper proposes a new kind of image encryption alogorithm utilizing integrated confusion-diffusion mechamisms. The integration allows us to incorporate chaos into the diffusion mechanism as well, a feature lacking in the traditional diffusion mechanism. First generate three values by iterating two-dimensinal logistic maps. Then, embed the confusing mechanism into diffusion by applying hyper-chaos. The algorithm has great scrambling and diffusion capability and gurantees the security of the encrypted image effectively. It improved the complexity of the encryption system and made the system more difficult to break.
At the end of this paper, the proposed image encryption algorithm is verified on the DSP platform. Experimental results show that the proposed image encryption algorithm has good encryption effect and can meet the requirements of the video data encryption.
引文
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