惠州凹陷古近系沉积相及岩相古地理演化
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摘要
珠江口盆地(东部)是中国海洋石油勘探最有潜力的盆地之一，而位于珠一坳陷中部的惠州凹陷古近系是油气分布的主要地区。由于深层储层受埋藏深度、沉积相、岩石结构及成岩作用等诸多因素的影响，其储油能力和产能存在巨大差异，所以了解研究区内沉积微相类型、平面展布及其与油层的配置关系，进一步认识砂体类型及时空分布规律，对珠江口盆地油藏的进一步勘探与开发有重要的意义。
本文在收集众多前人资料基础上，通过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近系钻井岩心和大量测井资料的观察、分析、研究，提取出岩石学特征、沉积构造、电测曲线、剖面结构以及粒度特征等沉积相标志，从惠州凹陷古近系中划分出河控三角洲、扇三角洲、河流、湖泊和有障壁海岸等5个沉积体系，详细描述和综合归纳了各沉积体系及其沉积亚相和微相的特征，并进一步得出恩平组主要为河流—湖泊—三角洲沉积，珠海组主要为河控三角洲—滨岸沉积，最后归纳出了2种相应的沉积模式。
在珠江口盆地构造—沉积演化及沉积体系展布特征研究的基础上，结合砂岩组分阴极发光特征、轻重矿物组合、砂岩百分含量的平面变化，对研究区恩平组和珠海组的物源方向进行了分析，认为研究区恩平组时期物源主要是盆地北部和中部隆起带，而珠海组时期则主要是于北部隆起带。
在前人研究的基础上，结合沉积体系及物源的研究，对研究区古近系进行岩相古地理编图，较全面的恢复了该区的岩相古地理面貌，探讨了该区沉积体系和砂体的时空演化特征，最后初步指出了时间—地层格架中有利砂体储集相带。
Zhujiang basin is one of the most potential oil reservoir region in China, and Huizhou depression is the important exploration horizon. The reservoir is dominated by burial depth, sedimentary facies,rock structure and diagenesis, its oil storage ability and produces can exist the huge difference. Therefore, investigating the sedimentary facies, the spreading characteristic of facies zone and the relations of them to the oil layer disposition, the sandstone body type and the space-time distribution rule has very importance to Zhujiangkou basin oil field for further exploration and the development.
On the basis of lots of forerunners data and my research in this thesis, Combining drilling data with observation and analysis of the well core, Enping formation and Zhuhai Formation can be divided into five kind of sedimentary systems such as fluvial-dominated delta ,fan delta, river, shallow lake and beach-barrier by using sedimentary facies signs which is rock feature, sedimentary structure, well log and section texture, Each of the sedimentary systems was subdivided into several subfacies and microfacies, which were described and generalized in detail. At last, I concluded that the Huizhou depression of Zhujiang basin mainly developed river, shallow lake and fan delta sedimentary systems in Enping formation and mainly developed fluvial-dominated delta and beach barrier delta sedimentary systems in the Zhuhai formation. On the basis of the analysis above, I deduce two sedimentary models of the Huizhou depression in the Enping and Zhuhai formation in Neogene.
On basis of structure-sedimentation evolution and distribution of sedimentary facies in the Huizhou depression of Zhujiang basin, combined with the sandstone clastic particle types, light and heavy minerals combination, cathodeluminescence feature of quartz and feldspar, and lith-facies, Enping and Zhuhai formation's palaeogeographic pattern are analysed. It shows that the Basin in Enping formation was origined in north and south promontory and Zhuhai formation was primarily origined in north promontory.
According to the forerunners data, combining the investigation of sedimentaty system and the source of the sandstone bodies, lithofacies paleogeography characters in Neogene were restored by upbuiding sequence-based lithofacies-paleogeography map working out. In the end, I expound the plane-topology rule of sedimentary facies in the different period and the planimetric distribution of the good reservoir sandstone, and point out the favorable accumulation area belt.
本文在收集众多前人资料基础上，通过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近系钻井岩心和大量测井资料的观察、分析、研究，提取出岩石学特征、沉积构造、电测曲线、剖面结构以及粒度特征等沉积相标志，从惠州凹陷古近系中划分出河控三角洲、扇三角洲、河流、湖泊和有障壁海岸等5个沉积体系，详细描述和综合归纳了各沉积体系及其沉积亚相和微相的特征，并进一步得出恩平组主要为河流—湖泊—三角洲沉积，珠海组主要为河控三角洲—滨岸沉积，最后归纳出了2种相应的沉积模式。
在珠江口盆地构造—沉积演化及沉积体系展布特征研究的基础上，结合砂岩组分阴极发光特征、轻重矿物组合、砂岩百分含量的平面变化，对研究区恩平组和珠海组的物源方向进行了分析，认为研究区恩平组时期物源主要是盆地北部和中部隆起带，而珠海组时期则主要是于北部隆起带。
在前人研究的基础上，结合沉积体系及物源的研究，对研究区古近系进行岩相古地理编图，较全面的恢复了该区的岩相古地理面貌，探讨了该区沉积体系和砂体的时空演化特征，最后初步指出了时间—地层格架中有利砂体储集相带。
Zhujiang basin is one of the most potential oil reservoir region in China, and Huizhou depression is the important exploration horizon. The reservoir is dominated by burial depth, sedimentary facies,rock structure and diagenesis, its oil storage ability and produces can exist the huge difference. Therefore, investigating the sedimentary facies, the spreading characteristic of facies zone and the relations of them to the oil layer disposition, the sandstone body type and the space-time distribution rule has very importance to Zhujiangkou basin oil field for further exploration and the development.
On the basis of lots of forerunners data and my research in this thesis, Combining drilling data with observation and analysis of the well core, Enping formation and Zhuhai Formation can be divided into five kind of sedimentary systems such as fluvial-dominated delta ,fan delta, river, shallow lake and beach-barrier by using sedimentary facies signs which is rock feature, sedimentary structure, well log and section texture, Each of the sedimentary systems was subdivided into several subfacies and microfacies, which were described and generalized in detail. At last, I concluded that the Huizhou depression of Zhujiang basin mainly developed river, shallow lake and fan delta sedimentary systems in Enping formation and mainly developed fluvial-dominated delta and beach barrier delta sedimentary systems in the Zhuhai formation. On the basis of the analysis above, I deduce two sedimentary models of the Huizhou depression in the Enping and Zhuhai formation in Neogene.
On basis of structure-sedimentation evolution and distribution of sedimentary facies in the Huizhou depression of Zhujiang basin, combined with the sandstone clastic particle types, light and heavy minerals combination, cathodeluminescence feature of quartz and feldspar, and lith-facies, Enping and Zhuhai formation's palaeogeographic pattern are analysed. It shows that the Basin in Enping formation was origined in north and south promontory and Zhuhai formation was primarily origined in north promontory.
According to the forerunners data, combining the investigation of sedimentaty system and the source of the sandstone bodies, lithofacies paleogeography characters in Neogene were restored by upbuiding sequence-based lithofacies-paleogeography map working out. In the end, I expound the plane-topology rule of sedimentary facies in the different period and the planimetric distribution of the good reservoir sandstone, and point out the favorable accumulation area belt.
引文
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[2] 陈长民．珠江口盆地东部石油地质条件及油气藏形成条件初探[J]．中国海上油气(地质)，2000，14(2)：73-83．
[3] 陈长民，施和生，许仕策等．珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M]．北京：科学出版社，2003．
[4] 高红灿，川东北前陆盆地须家河组沉积相及高分辨率层序地层学特征：[D]．成都：成都理工大学沉积地质研究所，2004．
[5] 高红灿，郑荣才，柯光明等．川东北前陆盆地须家河组层序-岩相古地理特征[J]．沉积与特提斯地质，2005，25(3)：38-45．
[8] 龚再升．南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究[M]．北京：科学出版社，1997．
[7] 顺家裕，张兴阳．油气沉积学发展回顾和应用现状[J]．沉积学报，2003(3)，21(1)：137-141
[8] 郝诒纯．南海珠江口盆地第三纪微体古生物及古海洋学研究[M]．北京：中国地质大学出版社，1996．
[9] 姜在兴主编．沉积学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2003．
[10] 李平鲁．珠江口盆地新生代构造运动[J]．中国海上油气，1993，7(6)：11-17．
[11] 李平鲁．珠江口盆地构造特征及油气聚集[J]．广东地质，1994，4(9)：21-28．
[12] 李胜利，于兴河，张志杰等．珠江口盆地西江30-2油田新近系中新统沉积微相及层序地层分析[J]．古地理学报，2004，6(1)：30-40．
[13] 李勇，赵瞻．南部滩海区沙河街组沉积体系研究[R]，成都：成都理工大学，2006．
[14] 李珍，郑红菊．黄弊坳陷高柳地区重矿物物源分析．石油勘探与开发，1998，25(6)：5-7
[15] 刘宝珺主编．沉积岩石学[M]．北京：地质出版社，1979．
[16] 刘宝珺，曾允孚主编．岩相古地理基础和工作方法[M]．北京：地质出版社，1985．
[17] 刘豪，王英民，王媛等．浅海陆棚环境的层序地层学研究[J]．沉积与特提斯地质，2001，21(2)：31-38．
[18] 明海会，金振奎，周新科等．安棚油田核三段沉积相及与油气分布关系[J]．新疆石油地质，2005，26(4)：389-392．
[19] 聂永生，田景春，鄂尔多斯盆地白豹—姬塬地区上三叠统延长组物源分析，油气地质与采收率，2004，11(5)：4-6．
[20] 施和生，李文湘等．珠江口盆地(东部)砂岩油田沉积相及其应用[J]．中国海上油气(地质)，1999，13(3)：15-20．
[21] 田景春，陈洪德等，胡尖山-耿湾地区延长组长4+5、长6沉积体系研究[R]，成都：成都理工大学，2006．
[22] 武法东，任永潮．重矿物聚类分析在物源分析及地层对比中的应用—以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖地区为例，现代地质，1996，10(3)：397-403．
[23] 卫平生，李天顺，李安春等．巴彦浩特盆地石炭系沉积相及沉积演化[J]．沉积学报，2005，23(2)：240-247．
[24] 王振奇，张尚锋，珠江口盆地珠一坳陷珠海组三角洲沉积特征[J]．沉积与特提斯，2005，9(3)：62-67．
[25] 王英华，张绍平，潘荣胜主编．阴极发光技术在地质学中的应用，北京：地质出版社， 1990
[26] 于兴河，郑秀娟．沉积学的发展历程与未来展望[J]．地球科学进展，2004(4)，19(2)：173-182
[27] [英]H．G．里丁著，周明鉴、陈昌明、张疆等译．沉积环境和相[M]．北京：科学出版社，1986．[24]张本琪，余宏忠等，应用阴极发光技术研究母岩性质及成岩环境，石油勘探与开发，2003，30(3)：117-120．
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