巴里坤湖记录的新疆东部中早全新世以来气候变化
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摘要
巴里坤湖位于东疆天山北麓巴里坤盆地内,地势较高,湖面海拔1570m,现代巴里坤湖地区气候干燥,年降水量为202mm,而年蒸发量高达1638mm;年平均气温1.1℃,1月平均气温-18.6℃,7月平均气温16.9℃。受西风环流影响显著,该区域气候变化对于研究西风模式具有重要意义。并且对于理解季风区以及季风边缘区气候演化过程同样具有重要意义。由于该湖流域面积较小,控制湖泊水文状况的因素比较简单,加之湖底平坦宽阔,湖水位很小的波动可引起较大的湖岸线进退,所以能够记录较小的气候波动事件,适于开展古气候变化研究。
2006年3月中旬挖取湖西南缘一个2.15m深的剖面,然后在已挖剖面的基础上又打钻取出2.15m深的岩芯2根。测年材料为沉积物中的总有机碳,其中69cm处提取出一个陆源植物残体样品。并以此植物残体的年代进行了碳库效应的校正,综合各方面因素,认为巴里坤湖碳库效应为740a。据此建立了巴里坤湖沉积记录的8700 cal.aBP以来气候变化的时间序列。同时对湖泊沉积碳酸盐含量、粒度组成以及沉积物磁化率值等气候代用指标作了分析测试。
综合分析古气候替代指标的环境意义重建了近8700年来的气候变化历史。8000～8700 cal.aBP,全新世早中期,气候干旱,而这其中8200～8700 cal.aBP之间气候相当干旱,湖泊处于低水位,而8000～8200 cal.aBP之间为一个气候过渡期,气候向好的方向(湿润)发展。中晚全新世,大约2200～8000 cal.aBP之间,该阶段气候总体湿润,期间包含多次干旱事件;气候经历多次干湿变化,而2200～4000 cal.aBP之间,气候最为良好(湿润),但波动剧烈;4000～6900 cal.aBP之间,这一时期出现两次持续干旱事件,从深度与年代关系来看,第一次发生在4300～4500 cal.aBP之间,第二次发生于大约5300 cal.aBP前后;6900～7900cal.aBP之间,气候湿润。晚全新世,2200 cal.aBP以来,气候干旱,但包含次一级百年尺度的湿润时期。
通过与其它记录的对比研究发现,巴里坤湖沉积所记录的8700Cal.aBP以来的气候变化序列,与干旱区其它研究结果总体变化趋势基本一致,4300～4500cal.aBP之间,5300cal.aBP前后的两次持续干旱时期在其它记录中也都记录良好。粒度组分反映的突发事件在东部季风区也都得到了体现,这些都说明发生在巴里坤地区的快速气候事件在干旱区乃至中国都是普遍存在的。
针对巴里坤湖沉积记录的气候环境变化过程,本研究认为区域的气候变化受到太阳活动变化的影响,又因为其所处地理条件通过西风带与北大西洋涛动、温盐环流存在内在关系。而这种关系内在的原因可能是岁差周期的谐波周期对全球水循环的调整,驱动温盐环流的变化,进一步影响了全球气候变化。巴里坤湖所记录的1471a和1101a主周期变化,是全球千年尺度的气候变化在我国西部干旱地区的反应。
Lake Barkol is located in the Barkol basin to the north of Tianshan mountains,easten Xingjiang.At an average altitude of 1570m a.s.l.Being one of arid regions in China,its climate is dry,receives the low annual precipitation(202 mm),but the evaporation is very high(1638 mm),as well as the annual and monthly in January and July mean temperature is 1.1℃,-18.6℃and 16.9℃respectively.Influencing remarkably by westerly circulation, the climate change of this area is important and significant for researching the westerly pattern and for understanding the process of the climate evolvement in monsoon and its fringe regions.Because of the small drainage area and simpler factors that control the hydrological situation of Barkol lake,combined with the fact that wide and flat bottom, even very small fluctuations in water level also can cause the large-scale advance and retreat of the shoreline.So the lake could record smaller climate fluctuations,fit to carry out the paleoclimate change research.
We dug A two-meter-deep section were dug at the southwestern lake in March,2006, and then drilled out a 2.15m core in the section.The chronology measure through of the total organic carbon in the sample,among which we distilled a plant residue in 69m. Through the dating of the plant residue,we corrected the reservoir effect,which in Barkol lake was thought to be 740a associated with the factors in all aspects.Therefore we reconstructed the time series of climate variations since 8700 cal.aBP as well as tested and analyzed the climate proxy indicators,such as the carbonate content in the sediments, grain size component and magnetic susceptibility of sediment.
According to the significance of these proxies,the history of the environmental changes of Barkol region in the past 8700 cal.aBP was reconstructed.8700～8000 cal.aBP can be divided into two stages.During the period of 8700～8200 cal.aBP,the climate was rather warm and dry.But the interval of 8200～8000 cal.aBP is a transitional, environment was relatively wet.Between the 8000～2200 cal.aBP,In Middle-late Holocene the climate was wet as a whole.But many inferiority arid events occurred during the periods.During the interval of 2200～4000 cal.aBP environment was very wet,though the periods oscillation acute.Two long-playing arid intervals occurred during the periods of 4000～6900 cal.aBP,namely,4300～4500 cal.aBP and around 5300 cal.aBP,the periods of 6900～7900 cal.aBP climate was wet.Since 2200 cal.aBP climate change to arid over again.Century wet intervals including this period.
Compared with other records,we find that the climate variation series since 8700 cal. a BP recorded by sediments of Barkol lake is consistent with other similar studies in arid regions and the two continual arid periods in 4300～4500 cal.aBP and 5300 cal.aBP round also appeared in other records.The grain-sizes-component reflected abruptly events took place in Asian monsoon regions also.All above suggest that the rapid climate events occurred in Barkol region were ubiquitous in the arid areas,even the whole China.
As far as the process of the climate environmental change recorded by the lacustrine sediments of Barkol lake is concerned,we consider that the climate change in the region is mainly impacted by the changes in solar activity.In addition,because the specific geographic conditions that it has the inter-relationship with North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Thermohaline circulation through the westerlies,it is also influenced by the Asian monsoon.
2006年3月中旬挖取湖西南缘一个2.15m深的剖面,然后在已挖剖面的基础上又打钻取出2.15m深的岩芯2根。测年材料为沉积物中的总有机碳,其中69cm处提取出一个陆源植物残体样品。并以此植物残体的年代进行了碳库效应的校正,综合各方面因素,认为巴里坤湖碳库效应为740a。据此建立了巴里坤湖沉积记录的8700 cal.aBP以来气候变化的时间序列。同时对湖泊沉积碳酸盐含量、粒度组成以及沉积物磁化率值等气候代用指标作了分析测试。
综合分析古气候替代指标的环境意义重建了近8700年来的气候变化历史。8000～8700 cal.aBP,全新世早中期,气候干旱,而这其中8200～8700 cal.aBP之间气候相当干旱,湖泊处于低水位,而8000～8200 cal.aBP之间为一个气候过渡期,气候向好的方向(湿润)发展。中晚全新世,大约2200～8000 cal.aBP之间,该阶段气候总体湿润,期间包含多次干旱事件;气候经历多次干湿变化,而2200～4000 cal.aBP之间,气候最为良好(湿润),但波动剧烈;4000～6900 cal.aBP之间,这一时期出现两次持续干旱事件,从深度与年代关系来看,第一次发生在4300～4500 cal.aBP之间,第二次发生于大约5300 cal.aBP前后;6900～7900cal.aBP之间,气候湿润。晚全新世,2200 cal.aBP以来,气候干旱,但包含次一级百年尺度的湿润时期。
通过与其它记录的对比研究发现,巴里坤湖沉积所记录的8700Cal.aBP以来的气候变化序列,与干旱区其它研究结果总体变化趋势基本一致,4300～4500cal.aBP之间,5300cal.aBP前后的两次持续干旱时期在其它记录中也都记录良好。粒度组分反映的突发事件在东部季风区也都得到了体现,这些都说明发生在巴里坤地区的快速气候事件在干旱区乃至中国都是普遍存在的。
针对巴里坤湖沉积记录的气候环境变化过程,本研究认为区域的气候变化受到太阳活动变化的影响,又因为其所处地理条件通过西风带与北大西洋涛动、温盐环流存在内在关系。而这种关系内在的原因可能是岁差周期的谐波周期对全球水循环的调整,驱动温盐环流的变化,进一步影响了全球气候变化。巴里坤湖所记录的1471a和1101a主周期变化,是全球千年尺度的气候变化在我国西部干旱地区的反应。
Lake Barkol is located in the Barkol basin to the north of Tianshan mountains,easten Xingjiang.At an average altitude of 1570m a.s.l.Being one of arid regions in China,its climate is dry,receives the low annual precipitation(202 mm),but the evaporation is very high(1638 mm),as well as the annual and monthly in January and July mean temperature is 1.1℃,-18.6℃and 16.9℃respectively.Influencing remarkably by westerly circulation, the climate change of this area is important and significant for researching the westerly pattern and for understanding the process of the climate evolvement in monsoon and its fringe regions.Because of the small drainage area and simpler factors that control the hydrological situation of Barkol lake,combined with the fact that wide and flat bottom, even very small fluctuations in water level also can cause the large-scale advance and retreat of the shoreline.So the lake could record smaller climate fluctuations,fit to carry out the paleoclimate change research.
We dug A two-meter-deep section were dug at the southwestern lake in March,2006, and then drilled out a 2.15m core in the section.The chronology measure through of the total organic carbon in the sample,among which we distilled a plant residue in 69m. Through the dating of the plant residue,we corrected the reservoir effect,which in Barkol lake was thought to be 740a associated with the factors in all aspects.Therefore we reconstructed the time series of climate variations since 8700 cal.aBP as well as tested and analyzed the climate proxy indicators,such as the carbonate content in the sediments, grain size component and magnetic susceptibility of sediment.
According to the significance of these proxies,the history of the environmental changes of Barkol region in the past 8700 cal.aBP was reconstructed.8700～8000 cal.aBP can be divided into two stages.During the period of 8700～8200 cal.aBP,the climate was rather warm and dry.But the interval of 8200～8000 cal.aBP is a transitional, environment was relatively wet.Between the 8000～2200 cal.aBP,In Middle-late Holocene the climate was wet as a whole.But many inferiority arid events occurred during the periods.During the interval of 2200～4000 cal.aBP environment was very wet,though the periods oscillation acute.Two long-playing arid intervals occurred during the periods of 4000～6900 cal.aBP,namely,4300～4500 cal.aBP and around 5300 cal.aBP,the periods of 6900～7900 cal.aBP climate was wet.Since 2200 cal.aBP climate change to arid over again.Century wet intervals including this period.
Compared with other records,we find that the climate variation series since 8700 cal. a BP recorded by sediments of Barkol lake is consistent with other similar studies in arid regions and the two continual arid periods in 4300～4500 cal.aBP and 5300 cal.aBP round also appeared in other records.The grain-sizes-component reflected abruptly events took place in Asian monsoon regions also.All above suggest that the rapid climate events occurred in Barkol region were ubiquitous in the arid areas,even the whole China.
As far as the process of the climate environmental change recorded by the lacustrine sediments of Barkol lake is concerned,we consider that the climate change in the region is mainly impacted by the changes in solar activity.In addition,because the specific geographic conditions that it has the inter-relationship with North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Thermohaline circulation through the westerlies,it is also influenced by the Asian monsoon.
引文
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