利用横波分裂到时差确定北美夏洛特皇后群岛岩石圈各向异性分层参数
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摘要
本文收集到北美夏洛特皇后群岛VIB和DIB台站2005年1月1日至2014年12月31日2700余条近震三分量横波观测记录.经严格筛选提取到55条35°横波窗内的快慢波到时差值.通过建立到时差与多界面横波分裂路径关系,实现了对横波不同深度分裂界面的可靠识别和深度确定.依据对横波到时差及归一化到时差的分析结果,确认地处俯冲带的夏洛特皇后群岛的地震各向异性分别存在于该地区的上层陆壳、中层洋壳俯冲带及俯冲带底部或下层岩石圈顶部附近.发现除地幔岩石圈外,上两个分层的各向异性强度由北向南减弱,同时向西运动的洋壳俯冲带向南加深.不仅如此,归一化到时差结果显示该地区2012年M7.8强震前后各向异性强度减弱,但在3个各向异性层存在较大差异.无论在分层界面较浅的北部格雷厄姆岛附近还是在分层界面较深的南部莫尔兹比岛附近,强震后最上层的陆壳和最下层地幔岩石圈的各向异性强度均没有变化.M7.8后各向异性减弱全部发生在中层洋壳俯冲带内.并且,距离强震震中越近各向异性强度减弱越大,在一定程度上揭示出强震前后应力变化的空间分布特征.表明该地区洋壳俯冲是引起M7.8强震和现今构造运动的主要动力源.
We collected more than 2700 three-component shear-wave data of stations VIB and DIB in the Haida Gwaii region(formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands)recorded from January 1,2005 to December 31,2014 and obtained 55 shear wave splitting time-delays of fast-slow shear waves in a 35°shear wave window.Establishing the relationship between the time-delays and the shear wave paths in multiple anisotropic layers,the shear wave splitting interfaces were recognized and the anisotropy interface depths were determined.Analysis of the time-delays and normalized timedelays shows that the seismic anisotropy exists within the whole Haida Gwaii subduction zone that incudes,from top to bottom,the continental crust,the subducting oceanic crust,and the bottom of the subduction zone or near the top of lithosphere.With the exception of the mantle lithosphere,the strength of anisotropy of the upper two layers weakens in general from north to south,while the westward motion of the oceanic crust subduction zone has a trend to deepen southwards.In addition,the normalized time-delays show that the strength of anisotropy of the region after the M7.8 earthquake in 2012 has weakened,but there are big differences in the three anisotropic layers.The strength of anisotropy in the continental crust and the mantle lithosphere of the northern Graham Island has no change,where the interface is shallow and near the southern Moresby Island.All changes of the strength of anisotropy after the M7.8 earthquake caused in the subducting oceanic crust.In addition,the closer to the epicenter of the M7.8 earthquake,the greater the decrease of anisotropy,revealing the spatial distribution of stress changes before and after major earthquakes.This in turn indicates that the subduction of the oceanic crust in this area is the main source of power for the M7.8 magnitude earthquake and the current tectonic movement.
We collected more than 2700 three-component shear-wave data of stations VIB and DIB in the Haida Gwaii region(formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands)recorded from January 1,2005 to December 31,2014 and obtained 55 shear wave splitting time-delays of fast-slow shear waves in a 35°shear wave window.Establishing the relationship between the time-delays and the shear wave paths in multiple anisotropic layers,the shear wave splitting interfaces were recognized and the anisotropy interface depths were determined.Analysis of the time-delays and normalized timedelays shows that the seismic anisotropy exists within the whole Haida Gwaii subduction zone that incudes,from top to bottom,the continental crust,the subducting oceanic crust,and the bottom of the subduction zone or near the top of lithosphere.With the exception of the mantle lithosphere,the strength of anisotropy of the upper two layers weakens in general from north to south,while the westward motion of the oceanic crust subduction zone has a trend to deepen southwards.In addition,the normalized time-delays show that the strength of anisotropy of the region after the M7.8 earthquake in 2012 has weakened,but there are big differences in the three anisotropic layers.The strength of anisotropy in the continental crust and the mantle lithosphere of the northern Graham Island has no change,where the interface is shallow and near the southern Moresby Island.All changes of the strength of anisotropy after the M7.8 earthquake caused in the subducting oceanic crust.In addition,the closer to the epicenter of the M7.8 earthquake,the greater the decrease of anisotropy,revealing the spatial distribution of stress changes before and after major earthquakes.This in turn indicates that the subduction of the oceanic crust in this area is the main source of power for the M7.8 magnitude earthquake and the current tectonic movement.
引文
Bush I,Crampin S.1987.Observations of EDA and PTL anisotropy in shear wave VSPs.∥57th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Bustin A M M,Hyndman R D,Kao H,et al.2007.Evidence for underthrusting beneath the Queen Charlotte Margin,British Columbia,from teleseismic receiver function analysis.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,171(3):1198-1211.
Cao L M,Kao H,Wang K L.2017.Contrasting upper-mantle shear wave anisotropy across the transpressive Queen Charlotte margin.Tectonophysics,717:311-320.
Chang L J,Ding Z F,Wang C Y.2014.Variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013Lushan MS7.0earthquake region.Science China Earth Sciences,57(9):2045-2052,doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4866-8.
Chen T C,Booth D C,Crampin S.1987.Shear-wave polarizations near the North Anatolian Fault-III.Observations of temporal changes.Geophysical Journal International,91(2):287-311.
Crampin S.1984.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,76(1):135-145.
Crampin S,Chastin S,Gao Y.2003.Shear-wave splitting in a critical crust:III.Preliminary report of multi-variable measurements in active tectonics.Journal of Applied Geophysics,54(3-4):265-277.
Crampin S,Peacock S,Gao Y,et al.2004.The scatter of timedelays in shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,156(1):39-44.
Crampin S,Gao Y.2006.A review of techniques for measuring shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,159(1-2):1-14.
Dehler S A,Clowes R M.1988.The queen charlotte islands refraction project.Part I.The queen charlotte fault zone.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,25(11):1857-1870.
Ding Z F,Wu Y,Wang H,et al.2008.Characteristics of transverse wave splitting in the source region of Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.Scientla Sinica Terrae(in Chinese),38(12):1600-1604.
Gao Y,Zheng S H,Feng D Y.1993.Shear wave multiple-splitting---proposal of concept and preliminary analysis.Seismological Research of Northeast China(in Chinese),9(4):1-10.
Gao Y,Zheng S H,Zhou H L.1999.Polarization patterns of fast shear wave in Tangshan region and their variations.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),42(2):228-232.
Gao Y,Wu J.2008.Compressive Stress field in the crust deduced from shear-wave anisotropy:An example in capital area of China.Chinese Science Bulletin,53(18):2840-2848.
Gosselin J M,Cassidy J F,Dosso S E.2015.Shear-wave velocity structure in the vicinity of the 2012 MW7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake from receiver function inversion.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1106-1113.
Harris R N,Chapman D S.1994.A comparison of mechanical thickness estimates from trough and seamount loading in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,99(B5):9297-9317.
Hippchen S.2011.Slip Partitioning,Crustal tectonics and deformation of the queen charlotte margin and northern Vancouver Island[Ph.D.thesis].Victoria:School of Earth and Ocean Sciences,University of Victoria.
Horn J R,Clowes R M,Ellis R M,et al.1984.The seismic structure across an active oceanic/continental transform fault zone.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,89(B5):3107-3120.
Hudson J A,Liu E,Crampin S.1996.The mechanical properties of materials with interconnected cracks and pores.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,124(1):105-112.
Hyndman R D,Ellis R M.1981.Queen Charlotte fault zone:Microearthquakes from a temporary array of land stations and ocean bottom seismographs.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,18(4):776-788.
Hyndman R D.2015.Tectonics and structure of the queen charlotte Fault Zone,Haida Gwaii,and large thrust earthquakes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1058-1075.
Kennett B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Lei J,Wang PD,Yao C,et al.1997.The near-filed shear wave splitting and its relation with structure in Jianchuan,Yunnan Province.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),40(6):791-801.
Lei J.2017.Impact of anisotropic and inhomogeneous medium on measuring seismic shear-wave splitting.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),62(23):2619-2629.
Li X Y,Macbeth C,Crampin S.2010.Interpreting non-orthogonal split shear waves for seismic anisotropy in multicomponent VSPS.Geophysical Prospecting,46(1):1-27.
Liu Y,Crampin S,Main I.1997.Shear-wave anisotropy:Spatial and temporal variations in time delays at Parkfield,Central California.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,130(3):771-785.
Mazzotti S,Hyndman R D,Flück P,et al.2003.Distribution of the Pacific/North America motion in the queen charlotte islands-S.Alaska plate boundary zone.Geophysical Research Letters,30(14):1762.
Polet J,Kanamori H.2002.Anisotropy beneath California:Shear wave splitting measurements using a dense broadband array.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,149(2):313-327.
Prims J,Furlong K P,Rohr K M M,et al.1997.Lithospheric structure along the Queen Charlotte margin in western Canada:Constraints from flexural modeling.Geo-Marine Letters,17(1):94-99.
Ristau J,Rogers G C,Cassidy J F.2007.Stress in western Canada from regional moment tensor analysis.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,44(2):127-148.
Rohr K M M,Dietrich J R.1992.Strike-slip tectonics and development of the Tertiary Queen Charlotte Basin,offshore western Canada:Evidence from seismic reflection data.Basin Research,4(1):1-20.
Rohr K M M,Currie L.1997.Queen Charlotte basin and Coast Mountains:Paired belts of subsidence and uplift caused by a low-angle normal fault.Geology,25(9):819-822.
Rohr K M M,Scheidhauer M,Trehu A M.2000.Transpression between two warm mafic plates:The queen charlotte fault revisited.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,105(B4):8147-8172.
Saiga A,Hiramatsu Y,Ooida T,et al.2010.Spatial variation in the crustal anisotropy and its temporal variation associated with a moderate-sized earthquake in the Tokai region,central Japan.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,154(3):695-705.
Silver P G,Savage M K.2010.The interpretation of shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropic layers.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,119(3):949-963.
Smith A J,Hyndman R D,Cassidy J F,et al.2003.Structure,seismicity,and thermal regime of the Queen Charlotte Transform Margin.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,108(B11):2539,doi:10.1029/2002JB002247.
Song C Z,Lei J.2017.Analyzing and correcting the scatter in measurement of time-delays between fast and slow shear-waves with near-field earthquakes.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),62(28-29):3356-3368.
Spence G D,Long D T.1995.Transition from oceanic to continental crustal structure:Seismic and gravity models at the Queen Charlotte transform margin.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,32(32):699-717.
Su J R,Chen T C.2012.Application of S-wave polarization method in determining focal depth of Wenchuan M8.0earthquake.International Journal of Seismology(in Chinese),(6):189.
Vinnik L,Montagner J P,Girardin N,et al.2003.Comment on“Shear-wave splitting to test mantle deformation models around Hawaii”by Kristoffer T.Walker,G9tz H.R.Bokelmann,and Simon L.Klemperer.Geophysical Research Letters,3(30):1675,doi:10.1029/2002GL015751.
Volti T,Crampin S.2003.A four-year study of shear-wave splitting in Iceland:1.Background and preliminary analysis.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,212(1):117-133.
Wang K,He J,Schulzeck F,et al.2015.Thermal condition of the27October 2012 MW7.8Haida Gwaii subduction earthquake at the obliquely convergent queen charlotte margin.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1290-1300.
Yao C,Wang P D.Chen Y T.1992.Shear-wave polarization and crack induced anisotropy of upper crust in Lulong,north China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),35(3):305-315.
Yao C,Xiong Y W.1993.Far-field radiation pattern from an anisotropic dislocation point source.Can.J.Expl.Geophys.,29(1):315-323.
Yao C,Xiong Y W,Wang P D.1994.Shear-wave splitting and fracture media research.∥Current Geodynamics Research and Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismic Press.151-161.
常利军,丁志峰,王椿镛.2015.2013年芦山MS7.0地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.中国科学:地球科学,45(2):161-168.
丁志峰,武岩,王辉等.2008.2008年汶川地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,38(12):1600-1604.
高原,郑斯华,冯德益.1993.剪切波的多级分裂---概念的提出与初步分析.东北地震研究,9(4):1-10.
高原,郑斯华,周蕙兰.1999.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图像及其变化.地球物理学报,42(2):228-232.
高原,吴晶.2008.利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场:以首都圈地区为例.科学通报,53(23):2933-2939.
雷军,王培德,姚陈等.1997.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系.地球物理学报,40(6):791-801.
雷军.2017.介质各向异性和非均匀性对横波分裂参数测量的影响.科学通报,62(23):2619-2629.
宋承泽,雷军.2017.近场地震快慢横波到时差测量离散辨析和改正.科学通报,62(28-29):3356-3368.
苏金蓉,陈天长.2012.S波偏振方法在确定汶川8.0级地震震源深度中的应用.国际地震动态,(6):189.
姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.1992.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性.地球物理学报,35(3):305-315.
姚陈,熊杨武,王培德.1994.横波分裂和裂隙介质的研究.∥现今地球动力学研究和应用.北京:地震出版社.151-161.
Bustin A M M,Hyndman R D,Kao H,et al.2007.Evidence for underthrusting beneath the Queen Charlotte Margin,British Columbia,from teleseismic receiver function analysis.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,171(3):1198-1211.
Cao L M,Kao H,Wang K L.2017.Contrasting upper-mantle shear wave anisotropy across the transpressive Queen Charlotte margin.Tectonophysics,717:311-320.
Chang L J,Ding Z F,Wang C Y.2014.Variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013Lushan MS7.0earthquake region.Science China Earth Sciences,57(9):2045-2052,doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4866-8.
Chen T C,Booth D C,Crampin S.1987.Shear-wave polarizations near the North Anatolian Fault-III.Observations of temporal changes.Geophysical Journal International,91(2):287-311.
Crampin S.1984.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,76(1):135-145.
Crampin S,Chastin S,Gao Y.2003.Shear-wave splitting in a critical crust:III.Preliminary report of multi-variable measurements in active tectonics.Journal of Applied Geophysics,54(3-4):265-277.
Crampin S,Peacock S,Gao Y,et al.2004.The scatter of timedelays in shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,156(1):39-44.
Crampin S,Gao Y.2006.A review of techniques for measuring shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,159(1-2):1-14.
Dehler S A,Clowes R M.1988.The queen charlotte islands refraction project.Part I.The queen charlotte fault zone.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,25(11):1857-1870.
Ding Z F,Wu Y,Wang H,et al.2008.Characteristics of transverse wave splitting in the source region of Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.Scientla Sinica Terrae(in Chinese),38(12):1600-1604.
Gao Y,Zheng S H,Feng D Y.1993.Shear wave multiple-splitting---proposal of concept and preliminary analysis.Seismological Research of Northeast China(in Chinese),9(4):1-10.
Gao Y,Zheng S H,Zhou H L.1999.Polarization patterns of fast shear wave in Tangshan region and their variations.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),42(2):228-232.
Gao Y,Wu J.2008.Compressive Stress field in the crust deduced from shear-wave anisotropy:An example in capital area of China.Chinese Science Bulletin,53(18):2840-2848.
Gosselin J M,Cassidy J F,Dosso S E.2015.Shear-wave velocity structure in the vicinity of the 2012 MW7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake from receiver function inversion.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1106-1113.
Harris R N,Chapman D S.1994.A comparison of mechanical thickness estimates from trough and seamount loading in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,99(B5):9297-9317.
Hippchen S.2011.Slip Partitioning,Crustal tectonics and deformation of the queen charlotte margin and northern Vancouver Island[Ph.D.thesis].Victoria:School of Earth and Ocean Sciences,University of Victoria.
Horn J R,Clowes R M,Ellis R M,et al.1984.The seismic structure across an active oceanic/continental transform fault zone.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,89(B5):3107-3120.
Hudson J A,Liu E,Crampin S.1996.The mechanical properties of materials with interconnected cracks and pores.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,124(1):105-112.
Hyndman R D,Ellis R M.1981.Queen Charlotte fault zone:Microearthquakes from a temporary array of land stations and ocean bottom seismographs.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,18(4):776-788.
Hyndman R D.2015.Tectonics and structure of the queen charlotte Fault Zone,Haida Gwaii,and large thrust earthquakes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1058-1075.
Kennett B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Lei J,Wang PD,Yao C,et al.1997.The near-filed shear wave splitting and its relation with structure in Jianchuan,Yunnan Province.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),40(6):791-801.
Lei J.2017.Impact of anisotropic and inhomogeneous medium on measuring seismic shear-wave splitting.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),62(23):2619-2629.
Li X Y,Macbeth C,Crampin S.2010.Interpreting non-orthogonal split shear waves for seismic anisotropy in multicomponent VSPS.Geophysical Prospecting,46(1):1-27.
Liu Y,Crampin S,Main I.1997.Shear-wave anisotropy:Spatial and temporal variations in time delays at Parkfield,Central California.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,130(3):771-785.
Mazzotti S,Hyndman R D,Flück P,et al.2003.Distribution of the Pacific/North America motion in the queen charlotte islands-S.Alaska plate boundary zone.Geophysical Research Letters,30(14):1762.
Polet J,Kanamori H.2002.Anisotropy beneath California:Shear wave splitting measurements using a dense broadband array.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,149(2):313-327.
Prims J,Furlong K P,Rohr K M M,et al.1997.Lithospheric structure along the Queen Charlotte margin in western Canada:Constraints from flexural modeling.Geo-Marine Letters,17(1):94-99.
Ristau J,Rogers G C,Cassidy J F.2007.Stress in western Canada from regional moment tensor analysis.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,44(2):127-148.
Rohr K M M,Dietrich J R.1992.Strike-slip tectonics and development of the Tertiary Queen Charlotte Basin,offshore western Canada:Evidence from seismic reflection data.Basin Research,4(1):1-20.
Rohr K M M,Currie L.1997.Queen Charlotte basin and Coast Mountains:Paired belts of subsidence and uplift caused by a low-angle normal fault.Geology,25(9):819-822.
Rohr K M M,Scheidhauer M,Trehu A M.2000.Transpression between two warm mafic plates:The queen charlotte fault revisited.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,105(B4):8147-8172.
Saiga A,Hiramatsu Y,Ooida T,et al.2010.Spatial variation in the crustal anisotropy and its temporal variation associated with a moderate-sized earthquake in the Tokai region,central Japan.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,154(3):695-705.
Silver P G,Savage M K.2010.The interpretation of shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropic layers.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,119(3):949-963.
Smith A J,Hyndman R D,Cassidy J F,et al.2003.Structure,seismicity,and thermal regime of the Queen Charlotte Transform Margin.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,108(B11):2539,doi:10.1029/2002JB002247.
Song C Z,Lei J.2017.Analyzing and correcting the scatter in measurement of time-delays between fast and slow shear-waves with near-field earthquakes.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),62(28-29):3356-3368.
Spence G D,Long D T.1995.Transition from oceanic to continental crustal structure:Seismic and gravity models at the Queen Charlotte transform margin.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,32(32):699-717.
Su J R,Chen T C.2012.Application of S-wave polarization method in determining focal depth of Wenchuan M8.0earthquake.International Journal of Seismology(in Chinese),(6):189.
Vinnik L,Montagner J P,Girardin N,et al.2003.Comment on“Shear-wave splitting to test mantle deformation models around Hawaii”by Kristoffer T.Walker,G9tz H.R.Bokelmann,and Simon L.Klemperer.Geophysical Research Letters,3(30):1675,doi:10.1029/2002GL015751.
Volti T,Crampin S.2003.A four-year study of shear-wave splitting in Iceland:1.Background and preliminary analysis.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,212(1):117-133.
Wang K,He J,Schulzeck F,et al.2015.Thermal condition of the27October 2012 MW7.8Haida Gwaii subduction earthquake at the obliquely convergent queen charlotte margin.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1290-1300.
Yao C,Wang P D.Chen Y T.1992.Shear-wave polarization and crack induced anisotropy of upper crust in Lulong,north China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),35(3):305-315.
Yao C,Xiong Y W.1993.Far-field radiation pattern from an anisotropic dislocation point source.Can.J.Expl.Geophys.,29(1):315-323.
Yao C,Xiong Y W,Wang P D.1994.Shear-wave splitting and fracture media research.∥Current Geodynamics Research and Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismic Press.151-161.
常利军,丁志峰,王椿镛.2015.2013年芦山MS7.0地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.中国科学:地球科学,45(2):161-168.
丁志峰,武岩,王辉等.2008.2008年汶川地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,38(12):1600-1604.
高原,郑斯华,冯德益.1993.剪切波的多级分裂---概念的提出与初步分析.东北地震研究,9(4):1-10.
高原,郑斯华,周蕙兰.1999.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图像及其变化.地球物理学报,42(2):228-232.
高原,吴晶.2008.利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场:以首都圈地区为例.科学通报,53(23):2933-2939.
雷军,王培德,姚陈等.1997.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系.地球物理学报,40(6):791-801.
雷军.2017.介质各向异性和非均匀性对横波分裂参数测量的影响.科学通报,62(23):2619-2629.
宋承泽,雷军.2017.近场地震快慢横波到时差测量离散辨析和改正.科学通报,62(28-29):3356-3368.
苏金蓉,陈天长.2012.S波偏振方法在确定汶川8.0级地震震源深度中的应用.国际地震动态,(6):189.
姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.1992.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性.地球物理学报,35(3):305-315.
姚陈,熊杨武,王培德.1994.横波分裂和裂隙介质的研究.∥现今地球动力学研究和应用.北京:地震出版社.151-161.
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