山东半岛海岸线时空变化分析
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摘要
随着国家海洋战略的发展,各个地区对沿海地带的开发不断深入,使得海岸线处于不断发展变化之中,研究海岸线的变迁过程有利于监测和保护海岸带的资源与环境,为沿海城市对海岸的开发提供科学依据。因此本文以山东半岛为研究对象,对海岸线的长度,陆域面积和演变过程的动态变化进行分析,通过目视解译和计算机分类对比的方法,对1986、1996、2006和2016年的海岸线数据进行提取,研究发现:(1)1986-2016年30年间山东半岛的海岸线长度总体呈增长趋势,共增长315km,其中2006年到2016年的海岸线增长最快,新增岸线占原海岸线的10%;(2)海岸线变化使陆域面积也不断增加,1986-1996年面积增了309.367km2,1996-2006年面积增加332.082km2,2006-2016年面积增加611.607km2,由面积变化可以看出海岸线的移动趋势是向海移动;(3)海岸线分布以基岩岸线为主,东营地区的黄河口处受侵蚀淤积作用,海岸线变化显著,烟青威地区受蓝色经济区建立的影响,养殖区增加,盐田减少,海岸线由自然岸线逐渐向人工岸线变化,砂质岸线分布地区人工码头和港口等建设较多。
With the development of the national marine strategy,the development of coastal areas has been deepening in various areas,making the coastline in constant development and change.it is important to study the change process of the coastline to monitor and protect the resources and environment of the coastal zone,and to provide a reasonable basis for the coastal cities to develop the coast.Therefore,this paper takes the Shandong Peninsula as the research object,analyzes the dynamic changes of the length of the coastline,the land area and the evolution process,the changes of the coastline of Shandong Peninsula in the 30 years from1986 to 2016 are as follows:(1)The change of the coastline of Shandong Peninsula in the period of 1986 to2016 has been studied by visual interpretation and computer classification.But the overall growth trend,a total growth of 315 km,which in 2006 to 2016 the fastest growing coastline,the new shoreline accounted for 10% of the original coastline;(2)The change of coastline has also increased the land area.The area increased by 309.367 km2 from1986 to1996,the area increased by 332.082 km2 in1996-2006,and the area increased by 611.607 km2 in2006-2016.The change of area can be seen that the movement trend of the coastline is Sea movement;(3)The distribution of coastline is dominated by bedrock shoreline,the erosion and siltation of the Yellow River estuary in Dongying area,and the change of coastline is obvious.The area of Yanqingwei is affected by the establishment of blue economic zone,the breeding area is increased,the salt field is reduced,Natural coastline gradually to the artificial shoreline changes,sandy coastline distribution area artificial terminal and port construction more.
With the development of the national marine strategy,the development of coastal areas has been deepening in various areas,making the coastline in constant development and change.it is important to study the change process of the coastline to monitor and protect the resources and environment of the coastal zone,and to provide a reasonable basis for the coastal cities to develop the coast.Therefore,this paper takes the Shandong Peninsula as the research object,analyzes the dynamic changes of the length of the coastline,the land area and the evolution process,the changes of the coastline of Shandong Peninsula in the 30 years from1986 to 2016 are as follows:(1)The change of the coastline of Shandong Peninsula in the period of 1986 to2016 has been studied by visual interpretation and computer classification.But the overall growth trend,a total growth of 315 km,which in 2006 to 2016 the fastest growing coastline,the new shoreline accounted for 10% of the original coastline;(2)The change of coastline has also increased the land area.The area increased by 309.367 km2 from1986 to1996,the area increased by 332.082 km2 in1996-2006,and the area increased by 611.607 km2 in2006-2016.The change of area can be seen that the movement trend of the coastline is Sea movement;(3)The distribution of coastline is dominated by bedrock shoreline,the erosion and siltation of the Yellow River estuary in Dongying area,and the change of coastline is obvious.The area of Yanqingwei is affected by the establishment of blue economic zone,the breeding area is increased,the salt field is reduced,Natural coastline gradually to the artificial shoreline changes,sandy coastline distribution area artificial terminal and port construction more.
引文
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[11]马小峰,赵冬至,邢小罡,等.海岸线卫星遥感提取方法研究[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(2):185-189.
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[2]张金华,万莉,尹小磊.使用ArcGIS软件一站式绘制宗海图[J].北京测绘,2016(3):67-69,158.
[3]孙伟富.1978-2009年莱州湾海岸线变迁研究[D].山东青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2010.
[4]赵洪波,杨树森.海南澄迈湾海域泥沙运动及岸线演变遥感分析[C]∥第十二届中国海岸工程学术讨论会论文集.2005:202-208.
[5]孙美仙,张伟.福建省海岸线遥感调查方法及其应用研究[J].台湾海峡,2004,23(2):213-218.
[6]王琳,徐涵秋,李胜.厦门岛及其邻域海岸线变化的遥感动态监测[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(4):404-410.
[7]国家发展改革委.山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划[EB/OL].山东省区域发展战略网.(2012-03-08)[2014-03-11].http:∥wk.baidu.com.
[8]冯兰娣,孙效功,胥可辉.利用海岸带遥感图像提取岸线的小波变换方法[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(5):777-781.
[9]朱小鸽.珠江口海岸线变化的遥感监测[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(2):19-22.
[10]申家双,翟京生,郭海涛.海岸线提取技术研究[J].海洋测绘,2009,29(6):74-77.
[11]马小峰,赵冬至,邢小罡,等.海岸线卫星遥感提取方法研究[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(2):185-189.
[12]汤国安,张友顺,刘咏梅,等.遥感数字图像处理[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.