不同有机肥种类配施化学氮肥对丘陵旱地小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】为探究不同有机氮源和不同有机无机氮配比对丘陵旱地小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质品质的影响。【方法】于2017—2018年在西南丘陵区仁寿县进行,以中筋冬小麦品种川农30为材料,在不同施氮量(120、180 kg/hm~2)和不同种类有机肥(T1生物有机肥,T2普通有机肥)下,设置有机无机氮不同配比(R0为100%尿素、R25为25%有机肥+75%尿素,R50为50%有机肥+50%尿素,R75为75%有机肥+25%尿素,R100为100%有机肥)对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质品质及氮肥偏生产力的影响。【结果】两个施氮量(120 kg/hm~2到180 kg/hm~2)下的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量差异不显著,增施氮肥(180 kg/hm~2)导致氮肥偏生产力显著降低;有机肥种类对产量、氮肥偏生产力和湿面筋含量无显著影响,但生物有机肥相较于普通有机肥显著提高蛋白质含量;单施普通有机肥、生物有机肥或单施化肥均不利于产量提升,有机氮与无机氮1∶1比例可显著提高穗数、穗粒数从而提高产量,但对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值无显著影响。【结论】有机无机配施有利于丘陵旱地中强筋小麦产量品质协同提升,提高氮肥偏生产力,推荐施肥量及配比为120 kg/hm~2水平下有机氮∶无机氮=1∶1,有机氮源推荐使用生物有机肥。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chemical N and different organic fertilizer on yield,protein quality and partial factor productivity(PFP) of dry land winter wheat.【Method】Split plot experiment was conducted at Renshou experimental station,which is a typical hilly dry-land region of China. A good noodle-making cultivator Chuannong 30 was grown in the site with main factor included two chemical nitrogen application level(120 and 180 kg/hm~2) combined with two types of organic fertilizer(T1 bio-organic fertilizer and T2 common organic fertilizer). Five different fertilization ratios(R0 is 100% urea,R25 is 25% organic fertilizer+75% urea,R50 is 50% organic fertilizer+50% urea,R75 is 75% organic fertilizer+25% urea and R100 is 100% organic fertilizer) were used in this study.【Result】The nitrogen additions(120 kg/hm~2 and 180 kg/hm~2) did not affect the grain yield,protein content and wet gluten content,while the PFP was reduced by nitrogen additions. Organic fertilizer type had no significant effect on yield,PFP and wet gluten content but the bio-organic fertilizer increased protein content compared with common organic fertilizer. Bio-organic fertilizer,common organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alone did not affect the yield. The chemical and organic N fertilizers applied with a ratio of 1∶1 increased the spikes and gains number per panicle and t grain yield,but did not affect the protein content,gluten index and wet gluten content.【Conclusion】The chemical and bio-organic N fertilizers applicated in an optimized ratio of 1∶1 have a great potential to improve the yield and grain quality of the good noodle-making cultivator in hilly dry land region of Southwest China.
【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chemical N and different organic fertilizer on yield,protein quality and partial factor productivity(PFP) of dry land winter wheat.【Method】Split plot experiment was conducted at Renshou experimental station,which is a typical hilly dry-land region of China. A good noodle-making cultivator Chuannong 30 was grown in the site with main factor included two chemical nitrogen application level(120 and 180 kg/hm~2) combined with two types of organic fertilizer(T1 bio-organic fertilizer and T2 common organic fertilizer). Five different fertilization ratios(R0 is 100% urea,R25 is 25% organic fertilizer+75% urea,R50 is 50% organic fertilizer+50% urea,R75 is 75% organic fertilizer+25% urea and R100 is 100% organic fertilizer) were used in this study.【Result】The nitrogen additions(120 kg/hm~2 and 180 kg/hm~2) did not affect the grain yield,protein content and wet gluten content,while the PFP was reduced by nitrogen additions. Organic fertilizer type had no significant effect on yield,PFP and wet gluten content but the bio-organic fertilizer increased protein content compared with common organic fertilizer. Bio-organic fertilizer,common organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alone did not affect the yield. The chemical and organic N fertilizers applied with a ratio of 1∶1 increased the spikes and gains number per panicle and t grain yield,but did not affect the protein content,gluten index and wet gluten content.【Conclusion】The chemical and bio-organic N fertilizers applicated in an optimized ratio of 1∶1 have a great potential to improve the yield and grain quality of the good noodle-making cultivator in hilly dry land region of Southwest China.
引文
[1]罗由林,李启权,王昌全,等.川中丘陵县域土壤氮素空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):652-660.
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[8]王兴龙,朱敏,杨帆,等.配施有机肥减氮对川中丘区土壤微生物量与酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):271-276.
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[11]聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,等.不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):591-597.
[12]樊虎玲,郝明德,李志西.黄土高原旱地化肥和有机肥配施对小麦品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(5):72-76.
[13]蔡艳,郝明德.黄土高原长期施肥对小麦籽粒蛋白质营养品质的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(9):1378-1384.
[14]潘霞,陈励科,卜元卿,等.畜禽有机肥对典型蔬果地土壤剖面重金属与抗生素分布的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(5):518-525.
[15]曹承富,孔令聪,汪建来,等.施氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量和品质及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):50-54.
[16]王奎波,余美炎,申秀珍,等.有机无机肥配施对小麦氮素吸收及土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤通报,1994,26(3):109-111.
[17]孟琳,张小莉,蒋小芳,等.有机肥料氮替代部分无机氮对水稻产量的影响及替代率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):290-296.
[18]孙文涛,宫亮,包红静,等.不同有机无机配比对玉米产量及土壤物理性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):80-84.
[19]谢迎新,王小明,冯伟,等.无机肥与有机肥配施对冬小麦旗叶光合性状和产量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2010,44(2):117-120.
[20]吴成龙,沈其荣,夏昭远,等.麦-稻轮作系统有机无机肥料配施协同氮素转化的机制研究Ⅰ.小麦季15N去向分析[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):905-912.
[21]张丽.稻麦轮作系统中有机无机肥料配施对作物生长及土壤肥力的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[22]于昕阳,翟丙年,金忠宇,等.有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量、水肥利用效率及土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):320-324.
[23]陈志龙,陈杰,许建平,等.有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(7):55-57.
[24]LIN Z,CHANG X,WANG D,et al.Long-term fertilization effects on processing quality of wheat grain in the North China Plain[J].Field Crops Research,2015,174:55-60.
[25]周卫军,王凯荣,张光远.有机无机结合施肥对红壤稻田土壤氮素供应和水稻生产的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):914-921.
[26]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):314-324.
[27]章家恩,刘文高,胡刚.不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物数量与土壤肥力的关系[J].生态环境学报,2002,11(2):140-143.
[28]程万莉,樊廷录,张建军,等.等氮条件下长期施用有机物料氮替代部分无机氮对黑垆土氮素及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):42-47.
[29]李梦梅,龙明华,黄文浩,等.生物有机肥对提高番茄产量和品质的机理初探[J].中国蔬菜,2005,1(4):18-19.
[30]周莉华,李维炯,倪永珍.长期施用EM生物有机肥对冬小麦生产的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(s1):221-224.
[2]DERESSA H,DECHASSA N,AYANA A.Nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat:Effects of nitrogen rate and time of application[J].Journal of soil science and plant nutrition,2012,12(3):389-409.
[3]段文学.施氮量对旱地小麦氮素吸收转运和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(15):3040-3048.
[4]同延安,赵营,赵护兵,等.施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):64-69.
[5]周顺利,张福锁,王兴仁.土壤硝态氮时空变异与土壤氮素表观盈亏研究Ⅰ.冬小麦[J].生态学报,2001,21(11):1782-1789.
[6]张丽.稻麦轮作系统中有机无机肥料配施对作物生长及土壤肥力的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[7]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):144-152.
[8]王兴龙,朱敏,杨帆,等.配施有机肥减氮对川中丘区土壤微生物量与酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):271-276.
[9]梁斌,赵伟,杨学云,等.长期不同施肥对旱地小麦土壤氮素供应及吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(5):885-892
[10]姜东.有机无机肥料配合施用对冬小麦根系和旗时衰老的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):440-447.
[11]聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,等.不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):591-597.
[12]樊虎玲,郝明德,李志西.黄土高原旱地化肥和有机肥配施对小麦品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(5):72-76.
[13]蔡艳,郝明德.黄土高原长期施肥对小麦籽粒蛋白质营养品质的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(9):1378-1384.
[14]潘霞,陈励科,卜元卿,等.畜禽有机肥对典型蔬果地土壤剖面重金属与抗生素分布的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(5):518-525.
[15]曹承富,孔令聪,汪建来,等.施氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量和品质及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):50-54.
[16]王奎波,余美炎,申秀珍,等.有机无机肥配施对小麦氮素吸收及土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤通报,1994,26(3):109-111.
[17]孟琳,张小莉,蒋小芳,等.有机肥料氮替代部分无机氮对水稻产量的影响及替代率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):290-296.
[18]孙文涛,宫亮,包红静,等.不同有机无机配比对玉米产量及土壤物理性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):80-84.
[19]谢迎新,王小明,冯伟,等.无机肥与有机肥配施对冬小麦旗叶光合性状和产量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2010,44(2):117-120.
[20]吴成龙,沈其荣,夏昭远,等.麦-稻轮作系统有机无机肥料配施协同氮素转化的机制研究Ⅰ.小麦季15N去向分析[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):905-912.
[21]张丽.稻麦轮作系统中有机无机肥料配施对作物生长及土壤肥力的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[22]于昕阳,翟丙年,金忠宇,等.有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量、水肥利用效率及土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):320-324.
[23]陈志龙,陈杰,许建平,等.有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(7):55-57.
[24]LIN Z,CHANG X,WANG D,et al.Long-term fertilization effects on processing quality of wheat grain in the North China Plain[J].Field Crops Research,2015,174:55-60.
[25]周卫军,王凯荣,张光远.有机无机结合施肥对红壤稻田土壤氮素供应和水稻生产的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):914-921.
[26]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):314-324.
[27]章家恩,刘文高,胡刚.不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物数量与土壤肥力的关系[J].生态环境学报,2002,11(2):140-143.
[28]程万莉,樊廷录,张建军,等.等氮条件下长期施用有机物料氮替代部分无机氮对黑垆土氮素及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):42-47.
[29]李梦梅,龙明华,黄文浩,等.生物有机肥对提高番茄产量和品质的机理初探[J].中国蔬菜,2005,1(4):18-19.
[30]周莉华,李维炯,倪永珍.长期施用EM生物有机肥对冬小麦生产的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(s1):221-224.