林业育苗技术及管理方法
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摘要
林业育苗技术主要有四种,即容器育苗技术、插条技术、分植技术和栽苗技术。容器育苗技术是用特定容器培育作物或果树、花卉、林木幼苗的育苗方式。容器盛有养分丰富的培养土等基质,常在塑料大棚、温室等保护设施中进行育苗,可使苗种的生长发育获得较佳的营养和环境条件。插条技术受时间和气候等因素的限制,一般在春季或夏季进行,并保证苗木所需的土壤湿度适宜。分植技术是将苗木分解成多个部分,再依次将其种植。这种分植方式简单易行,成活率高,且成本低,繁殖力强,适用于苗木覆盖率低的地区。栽苗技术将根系较为发达的苗木直接移植到土地中,育苗的成活率极高,对抗严寒等恶劣环境的能力较高,但培育苗木的成本较高,作业强度较大。提出从提升育苗人员认知水平、加强阶段性培训工作以及加强现代化管理水平等方面入手,完善林业育苗的管理方法,进而提升造林质量。
There are mainly four kinds of forestry seedling raising technology,namely container seedling raising technology,cutting technology,planting technology and seedling planting technology. Container seedling cultivation technology refers to the seedling cultivation of crops or fruit trees,flowers and trees in specific containers. Containers contain nutrient-rich culture soil and other substrates,often in plastic greenhouses,greenhouses and other protective facilities for seedling growth and development to obtain better nutrition and environmental conditions. Cutting technology is limited by factors such as time and climate. It usually takes place in spring or summer and ensures suitable soil moisture for seedlings. The technology of planting is to divide the seedlings into several parts and then plant them in turn. This kind of planting method is simple and feasible,with high survival rate,low cost and strong fecundity. The seedling planting technology directly transplants the seedlings with more developed roots into the land. The survival rate of the seedlings is very high,and the ability to resist the harsh environment is high,but the cost of cultivating seedlings is high and the intensity of operation is high. It is proposed to improve the management methods of forestry seedling raising from the aspects of improving the cognitive level of seedling nurses,strengthening the stage training and strengthening the level of modern management,so as to improve the quality of afforestation.
There are mainly four kinds of forestry seedling raising technology,namely container seedling raising technology,cutting technology,planting technology and seedling planting technology. Container seedling cultivation technology refers to the seedling cultivation of crops or fruit trees,flowers and trees in specific containers. Containers contain nutrient-rich culture soil and other substrates,often in plastic greenhouses,greenhouses and other protective facilities for seedling growth and development to obtain better nutrition and environmental conditions. Cutting technology is limited by factors such as time and climate. It usually takes place in spring or summer and ensures suitable soil moisture for seedlings. The technology of planting is to divide the seedlings into several parts and then plant them in turn. This kind of planting method is simple and feasible,with high survival rate,low cost and strong fecundity. The seedling planting technology directly transplants the seedlings with more developed roots into the land. The survival rate of the seedlings is very high,and the ability to resist the harsh environment is high,but the cost of cultivating seedlings is high and the intensity of operation is high. It is proposed to improve the management methods of forestry seedling raising from the aspects of improving the cognitive level of seedling nurses,strengthening the stage training and strengthening the level of modern management,so as to improve the quality of afforestation.
引文
[1]张群,孙忠祥,郝力辉.刺槐育苗技术及苗期管理[C]//辽宁省植物保护学会、辽宁省昆虫学会2011年学术交流研讨会(西安)论文集,2011.
[2]乌丽雅斯,刘勇.造林树种苗木定向培育理论探讨[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,(04):85-90.
[3]刘婷,苏淑钗,王倩,等.板栗分子标记辅助育种的配套育苗技术研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,(05):25-26.
[4]余存明.桉树组织培养技术研究综述[J].现代农业科技,2011,39(17):10185-10187.
[5]唐宇力,章银柯,包志毅.影响园林苗木移栽成活率的因素及对策[J].北方园艺,2006,(15):136.
[6]袁冬明,林磊,严春风,等. 3种造林树种轻基质网袋容器苗造林效果分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,(03):19-23.
[7]杜坤,王军辉,马建伟,等.不同基质对锐齿栎、栓皮栎和麻栎容器苗生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,(01):12-15.
[2]乌丽雅斯,刘勇.造林树种苗木定向培育理论探讨[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,(04):85-90.
[3]刘婷,苏淑钗,王倩,等.板栗分子标记辅助育种的配套育苗技术研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,(05):25-26.
[4]余存明.桉树组织培养技术研究综述[J].现代农业科技,2011,39(17):10185-10187.
[5]唐宇力,章银柯,包志毅.影响园林苗木移栽成活率的因素及对策[J].北方园艺,2006,(15):136.
[6]袁冬明,林磊,严春风,等. 3种造林树种轻基质网袋容器苗造林效果分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,(03):19-23.
[7]杜坤,王军辉,马建伟,等.不同基质对锐齿栎、栓皮栎和麻栎容器苗生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,(01):12-15.