东北地区城际高铁网络格局特征与演变趋势
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摘要
构建城际高铁联系强度模型并结合社会网络分析探讨东北地区高铁网络格局特征与演变趋势,研究结果表明:①东北地区高铁网络整体关联性相对紧密,小世界效应显著,但仍处于弱连接状态,涵盖长春-四平-沈阳-铁岭-抚顺、大连-辽阳-鞍山-营口-盘锦、松原-白城-乌兰浩特子群,吉林-延吉、齐齐哈尔-大庆、丹东-本溪、锦州-葫芦岛关系对,7片区组织格局成型;②以哈尔滨为分界线的东南部比西北部的高铁通达联系密切,高铁要素集散呈"一核心、三边缘"格局特征,长春为东北高铁中介运输轴点;③辽、吉省内高铁联系紧密,黑、蒙东松散,辽宁省呈沈阳-大连一轴、沈阳-锦州与沈阳-丹东两翼格局,吉林省呈长春-吉林-四平与长春-吉林-延吉三角交叉状格局,黑龙江省呈哈尔滨-大庆-齐齐哈尔轴线状格局,蒙东区呈乌兰浩特孤立化格局;④东北地区高铁的运营加快了哈大齐、哈长与长吉图一体化进程,有助于构建辽中南内部哈大、沈丹与丹大高铁三角骨架,同时应依托7片区与4大中俄朝韩主通道搭建东北内外、海陆统筹的铁路网络架构。
This paper studied the spatial structure, pattern, characteristics and evolution trend of high-speed railway(HSR) network in Northeast China. The paper first measured intercity HSR connection intensity of Northeast China. Then by analyzing the network density, the small world effect, the cohesive subgroups, and three kinds of centralities using the network analysis software—University of California at Irvine Network(UCINET), this paper displayed the structure and characteristics of HSR network in Northeast China. Finally, the geographic information system(GIS) was used to simulate the pattern of the intercity HSR connection intensity and three kinds of centralities in Northeast China to reveal the characteristics and the differentiation of their spatial distribution. The results are as following: First, the HSR network of Northeast China is closely organized. And the small world effect of Northeast China's HSR network is strong. However, HSR cities are still in a weak connection in the Northeast China's HSR network.‘Three HSR subgroups', i.e., Changchun-Siping-Shenyang-Tieling-Fushun, Dalian-Liaoyang-Anshan-Yingkou-Panjin, Songyuan-Baicheng-Ulanhot, and‘four HSR pairs', i.e., Jilin-Yanji, Qiqihar-Daqing, Dandong-Benxi, Jinzhou-Huludao have emerged in the Northeast China's HSR network and HSR‘seven organization patterns' have been formed. Second, HSR accessibility of the cities located at the southeast side with Harbin as its dividing line is higher than that of the cities on the northwest side with Harbin as its dividing line in Northeast China. HSR elements have developed into a‘one core and three edges' pattern. Changchun is the regional important HSR accessibility intermediary city. Third, connection intensity of different provinces and regions differs greatly as such: Liaoning>Jilin>Heilongjiang>East Inner Mongolia. Spatially, the HSR connection intensity of Liaoning province shows a"one shaft, two wings"spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of Jilin Province shows a‘cross triangle'spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of Heilongjiang Province shows a‘shaft'spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of East Inner Mongolia shows an"isolation"spatial pattern. Finally, the opening of HSRs in Northeast China accelerates the integration process of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar, Harbin-Changchun and Changchun-Jilin-Tumenjiang. It can also boost the growth and development of the HSR triangle skeleton in Liaozhongnan City Groups with Harbin-Dalian HSR, Shenyang-Dandong HSR and Dandong-Dalian HSR. The Northeast China's HSR network mode will develop into the mode of‘internal and external co-ordination, land and sea co-ordination'.
This paper studied the spatial structure, pattern, characteristics and evolution trend of high-speed railway(HSR) network in Northeast China. The paper first measured intercity HSR connection intensity of Northeast China. Then by analyzing the network density, the small world effect, the cohesive subgroups, and three kinds of centralities using the network analysis software—University of California at Irvine Network(UCINET), this paper displayed the structure and characteristics of HSR network in Northeast China. Finally, the geographic information system(GIS) was used to simulate the pattern of the intercity HSR connection intensity and three kinds of centralities in Northeast China to reveal the characteristics and the differentiation of their spatial distribution. The results are as following: First, the HSR network of Northeast China is closely organized. And the small world effect of Northeast China's HSR network is strong. However, HSR cities are still in a weak connection in the Northeast China's HSR network.‘Three HSR subgroups', i.e., Changchun-Siping-Shenyang-Tieling-Fushun, Dalian-Liaoyang-Anshan-Yingkou-Panjin, Songyuan-Baicheng-Ulanhot, and‘four HSR pairs', i.e., Jilin-Yanji, Qiqihar-Daqing, Dandong-Benxi, Jinzhou-Huludao have emerged in the Northeast China's HSR network and HSR‘seven organization patterns' have been formed. Second, HSR accessibility of the cities located at the southeast side with Harbin as its dividing line is higher than that of the cities on the northwest side with Harbin as its dividing line in Northeast China. HSR elements have developed into a‘one core and three edges' pattern. Changchun is the regional important HSR accessibility intermediary city. Third, connection intensity of different provinces and regions differs greatly as such: Liaoning>Jilin>Heilongjiang>East Inner Mongolia. Spatially, the HSR connection intensity of Liaoning province shows a"one shaft, two wings"spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of Jilin Province shows a‘cross triangle'spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of Heilongjiang Province shows a‘shaft'spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of East Inner Mongolia shows an"isolation"spatial pattern. Finally, the opening of HSRs in Northeast China accelerates the integration process of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar, Harbin-Changchun and Changchun-Jilin-Tumenjiang. It can also boost the growth and development of the HSR triangle skeleton in Liaozhongnan City Groups with Harbin-Dalian HSR, Shenyang-Dandong HSR and Dandong-Dalian HSR. The Northeast China's HSR network mode will develop into the mode of‘internal and external co-ordination, land and sea co-ordination'.
引文
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[2]刘军.整体网分析讲义:UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社、上海人民出版社,2009.[Liu Jun. Lectures on whole network approach:A practical guide to UCINET. Shanghai:Truth&Wisdom Press and Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2009.]
[3]蔡莉丽,马学广,陈伟劲,等.基于客运交通流的珠三角城市区域功能多中心特征研究[J].经济地理,2013,33(11):52-57.[Cai Lili, Ma Xueguang, Chen Weijin et al. Characteristics of functional polycentricity of PRD urban region based on passenger traffic flow. Economic Geography, 2013,33(11):52-57.]
[4]赵映慧,姜博,郭豪,等.基于公共客运的东北地区城市陆路网络联系与中心性分析[J].经济地理,2016,36(2):67-73.[Zhao Yinghui, Jiang Bo, Guo Hao et al. The centrality and network connection of cities in northeast China based on public passenger transport. Economic Geography, 2016,36(2):67-73.]
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[6]高鑫,修春亮,魏冶,等.基于高速公路货流数据的重庆市区县关联网络格局研究[J].人文地理,2016,31(1):73-80.[Gao Xin,Xiu Chunliang, Wei Ye et al. Study on the network of districts and counties in Chongqing based on the data of the highway cargo flows. Human Geography, 2016,31(1):73-80.]
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[9] Jiao J, Wang J, Jin F, et al. Impacts on accessibility of Chinas present and future HSR network[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2014, 40:123-132.
[10]刘莉文,张明.高速铁路对中国城市可达性和区域经济的影响[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(4):76-81+89.[Liu Liwen, Zhang Ming. The impacts of high-speed rail on accessibility and regional economy in China. Urban Planning International, 2017,32(4):76-81+89.]
[11]徐银凤,汪德根.中国城市空间结构的高铁效应研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(9):1216-1230.[Xu Yinfeng, Wang Degen. Research progress and prospects of high-speed rail effects on urban spatial structure in China. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(9):1216-1230.]
[12]王列辉,夏伟,宁越敏.中国高铁城市分布格局非均衡性分析——基于与普通铁路对比的视角[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(7):68-78.[Wang Liehui, Xia Wei, Ning Yuemin. Study on disequilibrium of distribution of high-speed railway cities in China:Based on the comparison with the ordinary railway. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(7):68-78]
[13]初楠臣,张平宇,姜博.基于日高铁流量视角的中国高速铁路网络空间特征[J].地理研究,2018,37(11):2193-2205.[Chu Nanchen, Zhang Pingyu, Jiang Bo. Spatial characteristics of Chinese high-speed railway network from the perspective of daily flow. Geographical Research, 2018,37(11):2193-2205.]
[14]蒋海兵,祁毅,李传武.中国城市高速铁路客运的空间联系格局[J].经济地理,2018,38(7):26-33.[Jiang Haibing, Qi Yi, Li Chuanwu. China's city high-speed rail(HSR)passenger spatial linkage pattern and its influence factors. Economic Geography,2018,38(7):26-33.]
[15]文嫮,韩旭.高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响[J].人文地理,2017,32(1):99-108.[Wen Hu, Han Xu. The impacts of high-speed rails on the accessibility and the spatial pattern of regional economic development in China. Human Geography, 2017,32(1):99-108.]
[16]姜博,初楠臣.哈大高铁对区域可达性影响及空间格局演变[J].城市规划,2015,39(11):92-98.[Jiang Bo, Chu Nanchen. Impact of Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail on regional accessibility and evolution of spatial pattern. City Planning Review, 2015, 39(11):92-98.]
[17]初楠臣,姜博,赵映慧,等.城际高铁对未来黑龙江城镇体系空间格局的影响及优化[J].经济地理,2016,36(4):78-83,125.[Chu Nanchen, Jiang Bo, Zhao Yinghui et al. Potential impact and optimization of intercity high-speed rails on the urban system spatial pattern evolution in Heilongjiang province. Economic Geography, 2016,36(4):78-83,125.]
[18]郭建科,王绍博,李博,等.哈大高铁对东北城市旅游经济联系的空间影响[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):521-529.[Guo Jianke,Wang Shaobo, Li Bo et al. The spatial effect of Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail to the northeast city tourism economic link. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(4):521-529.]
[19]张萌萌,孟晓晨.高速铁路对中国城市市场潜力的影响——基于铁路客运可达性的分析[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(12):1650-1658.[Zhang Mengmeng, Meng Xiaochen. Impact of high-speed railway on market potential of Chinese cities:Analyses based on railway passenger transport accessibility. Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(12):1650-1658.]
[20]穆成林,陆林,黄剑锋,等.高铁网络下的长三角旅游交通格局及联系研究[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):193-202.[Mu Chenglin,Lu Lin, Huang Jianfeng et al. Research on Yangtze River Delta tourist traffic pattern and linkage under the high-speed rail network. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(12):193-202.]
[21]陈建军,郑广建,刘月.高速铁路对长江三角洲空间联系格局演化的影响[J].经济地理,2014,34(8):54-60,67.[Chen Jianjun,Zheng Guangjian, Liu Yue. The spatial connection evaluation of Yangtze River Delta with the high-speed rail. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(8):54-60, 67.]
[2]刘军.整体网分析讲义:UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社、上海人民出版社,2009.[Liu Jun. Lectures on whole network approach:A practical guide to UCINET. Shanghai:Truth&Wisdom Press and Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2009.]
[3]蔡莉丽,马学广,陈伟劲,等.基于客运交通流的珠三角城市区域功能多中心特征研究[J].经济地理,2013,33(11):52-57.[Cai Lili, Ma Xueguang, Chen Weijin et al. Characteristics of functional polycentricity of PRD urban region based on passenger traffic flow. Economic Geography, 2013,33(11):52-57.]
[4]赵映慧,姜博,郭豪,等.基于公共客运的东北地区城市陆路网络联系与中心性分析[J].经济地理,2016,36(2):67-73.[Zhao Yinghui, Jiang Bo, Guo Hao et al. The centrality and network connection of cities in northeast China based on public passenger transport. Economic Geography, 2016,36(2):67-73.]
[5]焦华富,杨成凤.皖江城市带区内公路交通空间组织[J].地理研究,2012,31(6):1066-1078.[Jiao Huafu, Yang Chengfeng. Study on regional road traffic spatial organization in the city-cluster along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. Geographical Research, 2012,31(6):1066-1078.]
[6]高鑫,修春亮,魏冶,等.基于高速公路货流数据的重庆市区县关联网络格局研究[J].人文地理,2016,31(1):73-80.[Gao Xin,Xiu Chunliang, Wei Ye et al. Study on the network of districts and counties in Chongqing based on the data of the highway cargo flows. Human Geography, 2016,31(1):73-80.]
[7]朱桃杏,吴殿廷,马继刚,等.京津冀区域铁路交通网络结构评价[J].经济地理,2011,31(4):561-565,572.[Zhu Taoxing, Wu Dianting, Ma Jigang et al. Evaluation of rail transport network within Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Economic Geography,2011,31(4):561-565,572.]
[8] Vickerman R W. Accessibility and economic development in Europe[J]. Regional Studies, 1999, 33(1):1-15.
[9] Jiao J, Wang J, Jin F, et al. Impacts on accessibility of Chinas present and future HSR network[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2014, 40:123-132.
[10]刘莉文,张明.高速铁路对中国城市可达性和区域经济的影响[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(4):76-81+89.[Liu Liwen, Zhang Ming. The impacts of high-speed rail on accessibility and regional economy in China. Urban Planning International, 2017,32(4):76-81+89.]
[11]徐银凤,汪德根.中国城市空间结构的高铁效应研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(9):1216-1230.[Xu Yinfeng, Wang Degen. Research progress and prospects of high-speed rail effects on urban spatial structure in China. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(9):1216-1230.]
[12]王列辉,夏伟,宁越敏.中国高铁城市分布格局非均衡性分析——基于与普通铁路对比的视角[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(7):68-78.[Wang Liehui, Xia Wei, Ning Yuemin. Study on disequilibrium of distribution of high-speed railway cities in China:Based on the comparison with the ordinary railway. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(7):68-78]
[13]初楠臣,张平宇,姜博.基于日高铁流量视角的中国高速铁路网络空间特征[J].地理研究,2018,37(11):2193-2205.[Chu Nanchen, Zhang Pingyu, Jiang Bo. Spatial characteristics of Chinese high-speed railway network from the perspective of daily flow. Geographical Research, 2018,37(11):2193-2205.]
[14]蒋海兵,祁毅,李传武.中国城市高速铁路客运的空间联系格局[J].经济地理,2018,38(7):26-33.[Jiang Haibing, Qi Yi, Li Chuanwu. China's city high-speed rail(HSR)passenger spatial linkage pattern and its influence factors. Economic Geography,2018,38(7):26-33.]
[15]文嫮,韩旭.高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响[J].人文地理,2017,32(1):99-108.[Wen Hu, Han Xu. The impacts of high-speed rails on the accessibility and the spatial pattern of regional economic development in China. Human Geography, 2017,32(1):99-108.]
[16]姜博,初楠臣.哈大高铁对区域可达性影响及空间格局演变[J].城市规划,2015,39(11):92-98.[Jiang Bo, Chu Nanchen. Impact of Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail on regional accessibility and evolution of spatial pattern. City Planning Review, 2015, 39(11):92-98.]
[17]初楠臣,姜博,赵映慧,等.城际高铁对未来黑龙江城镇体系空间格局的影响及优化[J].经济地理,2016,36(4):78-83,125.[Chu Nanchen, Jiang Bo, Zhao Yinghui et al. Potential impact and optimization of intercity high-speed rails on the urban system spatial pattern evolution in Heilongjiang province. Economic Geography, 2016,36(4):78-83,125.]
[18]郭建科,王绍博,李博,等.哈大高铁对东北城市旅游经济联系的空间影响[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):521-529.[Guo Jianke,Wang Shaobo, Li Bo et al. The spatial effect of Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail to the northeast city tourism economic link. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(4):521-529.]
[19]张萌萌,孟晓晨.高速铁路对中国城市市场潜力的影响——基于铁路客运可达性的分析[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(12):1650-1658.[Zhang Mengmeng, Meng Xiaochen. Impact of high-speed railway on market potential of Chinese cities:Analyses based on railway passenger transport accessibility. Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(12):1650-1658.]
[20]穆成林,陆林,黄剑锋,等.高铁网络下的长三角旅游交通格局及联系研究[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):193-202.[Mu Chenglin,Lu Lin, Huang Jianfeng et al. Research on Yangtze River Delta tourist traffic pattern and linkage under the high-speed rail network. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(12):193-202.]
[21]陈建军,郑广建,刘月.高速铁路对长江三角洲空间联系格局演化的影响[J].经济地理,2014,34(8):54-60,67.[Chen Jianjun,Zheng Guangjian, Liu Yue. The spatial connection evaluation of Yangtze River Delta with the high-speed rail. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(8):54-60, 67.]