珠江口枯水期和丰水期中小型浮游动物群落动态
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摘要
根据珠江口枯水期(2013年11月)和丰水期(2014年8月) 24个站位调查资料,对中小型浮游动物种类组成、丰度分布、群落结构及其主要影响因子进行了研究.结果表明,枯水期和丰水期分别鉴定浮游动物成体91种和70种,以桡足类最为丰富.浮游动物种类从河口上游向外围逐渐增加.浮游动物丰度时空分布差异显著,丰水期平均值高达11 619. 78 ind/m~3,显著高于枯水期的1 707. 13 ind/m~3.桡足类在珠江口中小型浮游动物中占绝对优势,枯水期和丰水期分别占总丰度的80. 3%和93. 0%,对浮游动物的丰度分布起关键作用.强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)、中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)和刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)在两个水期均为主要优势种,小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和厦门矮隆哲水蚤(Bestiolina amoyensis)则分别在枯水期和丰水期具有较高的优势度.聚类分析的结果显示,枯水期和丰水期该水域浮游动物均可划分为3个群落.相关性分析表明,珠江口中小型浮游动物群落结构受多个环境因子的影响,但盐度是其中最为关键的非生物因子.
Zooplankton samples were collected from 24 stations in 2 investigations in the Pearl River Estuary in November 2013( dry season) and August 2014( wet season). The meso-and micro-zooplankton composition,abundance,distribution and community structures and the environmental influence were studied. The results showed that there were 91 and 70 zooplankton species,mainly copepods,identified in the dry and wet seasons,respectively. The number of zooplankton species increased gradually from the upper reach of the estuary to the outer waters.The abundance of zooplankton was found varying obviously with time and geographic locations. The average zooplankton abundance in the wet season( 11 619. 78 ind/m3) was much higher than in the dry season( 1 707. 13 ind/m3). Copepod was the predominant species and its abundance accounted for 80. 3% and 93. 0% of the total in the dry and wet seasons. They plays a key role in controlling the abundance distribution of zooplankton. Three species of copepods of Parvocalanus crassirostris,Acartiella sinensis and Acartia spinicauda were dominating in 2 investigations. The abundance of other two species,Paracalanus parvus and Bestiolina amoyensis varied distinctly with seasons. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified 3 zooplankton groups from 2 seasons. Correlation analysis indicated that the dynamics of zooplankton community was determined by several factors in which the salinity was the most important abiotic factor.
Zooplankton samples were collected from 24 stations in 2 investigations in the Pearl River Estuary in November 2013( dry season) and August 2014( wet season). The meso-and micro-zooplankton composition,abundance,distribution and community structures and the environmental influence were studied. The results showed that there were 91 and 70 zooplankton species,mainly copepods,identified in the dry and wet seasons,respectively. The number of zooplankton species increased gradually from the upper reach of the estuary to the outer waters.The abundance of zooplankton was found varying obviously with time and geographic locations. The average zooplankton abundance in the wet season( 11 619. 78 ind/m3) was much higher than in the dry season( 1 707. 13 ind/m3). Copepod was the predominant species and its abundance accounted for 80. 3% and 93. 0% of the total in the dry and wet seasons. They plays a key role in controlling the abundance distribution of zooplankton. Three species of copepods of Parvocalanus crassirostris,Acartiella sinensis and Acartia spinicauda were dominating in 2 investigations. The abundance of other two species,Paracalanus parvus and Bestiolina amoyensis varied distinctly with seasons. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified 3 zooplankton groups from 2 seasons. Correlation analysis indicated that the dynamics of zooplankton community was determined by several factors in which the salinity was the most important abiotic factor.
引文
[1]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):892-900.
[2]郭沛涌,沈焕庭.河口浮游植物生态学研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):139-142.
[3]李开枝,尹建强,黄良民.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].海洋科学,2007,31(3):72-75.
[4]杨宇峰,王庆,陈菊芳,等.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):576-585.
[5] LI K Z,YIN J Q,HUANG L M,et al. Spatial and temporal variations of mesozooplankton in the Pearl River estuary,China[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,67:543-552.
[6]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民,等.珠江口浮游动物的群落动态及数量变化[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(5):60-68.
[7]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民,等.珠江口浮游桡足类的生态研究[J].生态科学,2007,26(2):97-102.
[8]高原,赖子尼,王超,等. 2006年夏季珠江口浮游动物群落结构特征分析[J].南方水产,2008,4(1):10-15.
[9]郭东晖,李刚,何静. 2007—2011年春季珠江口中东部水域水母研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(3):584-588.
[10]高原,赖子尼,魏泰莉,等.珠江八个入海口浮游桡足类的季节特征[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(6):3-9.
[11]方宏达,朱艾嘉,董燕红,等. 2005~2006年珠江口浮游动物群落变化研究[J].台湾海峡,2009,28(1):30-37.
[12]高原,赖子尼,王超,等.珠江口浮游动物分布特征研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(2):260-268.
[13]宋盛宪.珠江口浮游生物的初步研究[J].海洋渔业,1991,13(1):24-27.
[14]刘玉,李适宇,董燕红,等.珠江口伶仃水道浮游生物及底栖动物群落特征分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(s2):114-118.
[15] TAN Y H,HUANG L M,CHEN Q C,et al. Seasonal variation in zooplankton composition and grazing impact on phytoplank-ton standing stock in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2004,24(16):1 949-1 968.
[16]吴玲玲,朱艾嘉,郭娟,等.珠江口夏季中、小型浮游动物生态特征研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):689-694.
[17]国家海洋局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查:GB/T 12763. 6—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
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[19]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐够渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[20] FIELD J G,CLARKE K R,WAREICK R M. A practical strategy for analysis multispecies distribution patterns[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,1982,8(1):37.
[21] WOOLDRIDGE T. Estuarine zooplankton community structure and dynamics[M]//ALLANSON B R,BAIRD D. Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999:141-166.
[22]黄加祺,陈柏云.九龙江口浮游桡足类的种类组成和分布[J].台湾海峡,1985,4(1):79-88.
[23]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江河口中小型浮游动物数量分布、变动及主要影响因素[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3 517-3 525.
[24]徐兆礼.长江口邻近水域浮游动物群落特征及变动趋势[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):780-784.
[25] WANG R,ZUO T,WANG K. The Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water-an over summering site for Calanus sinicus(Copepoda,Crustacea)[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(2):169-183.
[26] HUANG C,UYE S,ONBT. Geographic distribution,seasonal life cycle,biomass and production of a planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan and its neighboring Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,1993,15(11):1 229-1 246.
[27] HOFFMEYER M S. Decadal change in zooplankton seasonal succession in the Bahía Blanca estuary,Argentina,following introduction of two zooplankton species[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,2004,26(2):181-189.
[28] VIEIRA L,AZEITEIRO U,RP,et al. Zooplankton distribution in a temperate estuary(Mondego estuary southern arm:Western Portugal)[J]. Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology,2003,24(s1):163-173.
[29]陈洪举,刘光兴. 2006年夏季长江口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落结构[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(4):393-398.
[30]黄加祺.九龙江口大、中型浮游动物的种类组成和分布[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1983,22(1):88-95.
[31]黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等.珠江口盐度锋面对营养物质和生物的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(2):18-25.
[32]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江口桡足类数量分布与变动[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4 259-4 267.
[33]黄长江,陈善文,何歆,等. 2001~2002年粤东柘林湾浮游动物的生态学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(2):117-130.
[34]刘镇盛.长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物群落结构和多样性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012:82-83.
[35]陈亚瞿,徐兆礼,王云龙,等.长江口河口锋区浮游动物生态研究Ⅰ.生物量及优势种的平面分布[J].中国水产科学,1995,2(1):49-58.
[36] PATERSON A W,WHITFIELD A K. A stable isotope study of the food web in a freshwater-deprived South African Estuary,with particular emphasis on the ichthyofauna[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1997,45(6):705-715.
[37] PERISSINOTTO R,WALKER D R,WEBB P,et al. Relationships between zoo-and phytoplankton in a warm temperate,semi-permanently closed estuary,South Africa[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,51(1):1-11.
[38]国家海洋局南海分局. 2013年南海区海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. http://www. scsb. gov. cn/scsb/gbytj/201408/b97db9fda11f404bb410746aab398023. shtml.
[39]国家海洋局南海分局. 2014年南海区海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. http://www. scsb. gov. cn/scsb/gbytj/201505/6362ad9e88d449799a21f12e7975e36c. shtml.
[40]卢伍阳,马增岭,徐兆礼,等.春季我国不同纬度河口浮游动物群落变化趋势[J].海洋学报,2016,38(10):83-93.
[41]王文杰.夏秋季黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:14-26.
[2]郭沛涌,沈焕庭.河口浮游植物生态学研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):139-142.
[3]李开枝,尹建强,黄良民.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].海洋科学,2007,31(3):72-75.
[4]杨宇峰,王庆,陈菊芳,等.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):576-585.
[5] LI K Z,YIN J Q,HUANG L M,et al. Spatial and temporal variations of mesozooplankton in the Pearl River estuary,China[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,67:543-552.
[6]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民,等.珠江口浮游动物的群落动态及数量变化[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(5):60-68.
[7]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民,等.珠江口浮游桡足类的生态研究[J].生态科学,2007,26(2):97-102.
[8]高原,赖子尼,王超,等. 2006年夏季珠江口浮游动物群落结构特征分析[J].南方水产,2008,4(1):10-15.
[9]郭东晖,李刚,何静. 2007—2011年春季珠江口中东部水域水母研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(3):584-588.
[10]高原,赖子尼,魏泰莉,等.珠江八个入海口浮游桡足类的季节特征[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(6):3-9.
[11]方宏达,朱艾嘉,董燕红,等. 2005~2006年珠江口浮游动物群落变化研究[J].台湾海峡,2009,28(1):30-37.
[12]高原,赖子尼,王超,等.珠江口浮游动物分布特征研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(2):260-268.
[13]宋盛宪.珠江口浮游生物的初步研究[J].海洋渔业,1991,13(1):24-27.
[14]刘玉,李适宇,董燕红,等.珠江口伶仃水道浮游生物及底栖动物群落特征分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(s2):114-118.
[15] TAN Y H,HUANG L M,CHEN Q C,et al. Seasonal variation in zooplankton composition and grazing impact on phytoplank-ton standing stock in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2004,24(16):1 949-1 968.
[16]吴玲玲,朱艾嘉,郭娟,等.珠江口夏季中、小型浮游动物生态特征研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):689-694.
[17]国家海洋局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查:GB/T 12763. 6—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[18]国家海洋局.海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析:GB 17378. 4—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[19]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐够渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[20] FIELD J G,CLARKE K R,WAREICK R M. A practical strategy for analysis multispecies distribution patterns[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,1982,8(1):37.
[21] WOOLDRIDGE T. Estuarine zooplankton community structure and dynamics[M]//ALLANSON B R,BAIRD D. Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999:141-166.
[22]黄加祺,陈柏云.九龙江口浮游桡足类的种类组成和分布[J].台湾海峡,1985,4(1):79-88.
[23]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江河口中小型浮游动物数量分布、变动及主要影响因素[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3 517-3 525.
[24]徐兆礼.长江口邻近水域浮游动物群落特征及变动趋势[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):780-784.
[25] WANG R,ZUO T,WANG K. The Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water-an over summering site for Calanus sinicus(Copepoda,Crustacea)[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(2):169-183.
[26] HUANG C,UYE S,ONBT. Geographic distribution,seasonal life cycle,biomass and production of a planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan and its neighboring Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,1993,15(11):1 229-1 246.
[27] HOFFMEYER M S. Decadal change in zooplankton seasonal succession in the Bahía Blanca estuary,Argentina,following introduction of two zooplankton species[J]. Journal of Plankton Research,2004,26(2):181-189.
[28] VIEIRA L,AZEITEIRO U,RP,et al. Zooplankton distribution in a temperate estuary(Mondego estuary southern arm:Western Portugal)[J]. Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology,2003,24(s1):163-173.
[29]陈洪举,刘光兴. 2006年夏季长江口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落结构[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(4):393-398.
[30]黄加祺.九龙江口大、中型浮游动物的种类组成和分布[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1983,22(1):88-95.
[31]黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等.珠江口盐度锋面对营养物质和生物的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(2):18-25.
[32]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江口桡足类数量分布与变动[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4 259-4 267.
[33]黄长江,陈善文,何歆,等. 2001~2002年粤东柘林湾浮游动物的生态学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(2):117-130.
[34]刘镇盛.长江口及其邻近海域浮游动物群落结构和多样性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012:82-83.
[35]陈亚瞿,徐兆礼,王云龙,等.长江口河口锋区浮游动物生态研究Ⅰ.生物量及优势种的平面分布[J].中国水产科学,1995,2(1):49-58.
[36] PATERSON A W,WHITFIELD A K. A stable isotope study of the food web in a freshwater-deprived South African Estuary,with particular emphasis on the ichthyofauna[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1997,45(6):705-715.
[37] PERISSINOTTO R,WALKER D R,WEBB P,et al. Relationships between zoo-and phytoplankton in a warm temperate,semi-permanently closed estuary,South Africa[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,51(1):1-11.
[38]国家海洋局南海分局. 2013年南海区海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. http://www. scsb. gov. cn/scsb/gbytj/201408/b97db9fda11f404bb410746aab398023. shtml.
[39]国家海洋局南海分局. 2014年南海区海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. http://www. scsb. gov. cn/scsb/gbytj/201505/6362ad9e88d449799a21f12e7975e36c. shtml.
[40]卢伍阳,马增岭,徐兆礼,等.春季我国不同纬度河口浮游动物群落变化趋势[J].海洋学报,2016,38(10):83-93.
[41]王文杰.夏秋季黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:14-26.
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