行动规划下乡村社会资本的培育——以湖北省堰河村为例
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摘要
快速城镇化和工业化中,中国乡村社会的社会资源配置逻辑发生了巨大转变,蓝图式的规划编制在实施中面临诸多难题。基于文献梳理,指出良好的乡村治理依赖于丰富的社会资本,而乡村社会资本的缺失是当前制约乡村建设的重要障碍,乡村建设与社会资本重构之间应相辅相成;并提出以行动规划为手段,增进信任、形成规范、搭建网络,以此推动乡村地区的振兴和可持续发展。选取堰河村实践为案例,总结其行动规划分三阶段,即整治家园环境、培育生态产业、重塑地方认同;采用了研讨、培训、众劳众筹等方式嵌入地方性知识、培养集体精神,促进了当地社会资本的产生。基于理论和实证分析,提出乡村规划中专业规划者应与规划对象形成双向学习,保障村委的编制主体地位,并提高治理能力。
The logic of social resource allocation in rural China has been transformed during rapid urbanization and industrialization. The frequently-used blueprint planning method encountered many challenges while being implemented in rural areas. What is the possible way to achieve rural revitalization? Through literature review, this paper reveals that good rural governance depends on abundant social capital. The lack of rural social capital is identified as an important obstacle to current rural revitalization. Based on empirical case study of Yanhe Village, Hubei Province, action plan can be used as an implementation method for social capital reconstruction. It can help foster trust, form norms and build social networks. The action plan of Yanhe Village's revitalization mainly consists of three stages: renovating the environment, cultivating the eco-industry and reshaping local identity. At different stage, many methods like discussion, training and crowdfunding have been used to embed local knowledge and cultivate collective spirit, which has effectively cultivated social capital. This paper suggests that professional planners take two-way learning with local villagers, collaborate with the village committee and improve their administration capability.
The logic of social resource allocation in rural China has been transformed during rapid urbanization and industrialization. The frequently-used blueprint planning method encountered many challenges while being implemented in rural areas. What is the possible way to achieve rural revitalization? Through literature review, this paper reveals that good rural governance depends on abundant social capital. The lack of rural social capital is identified as an important obstacle to current rural revitalization. Based on empirical case study of Yanhe Village, Hubei Province, action plan can be used as an implementation method for social capital reconstruction. It can help foster trust, form norms and build social networks. The action plan of Yanhe Village's revitalization mainly consists of three stages: renovating the environment, cultivating the eco-industry and reshaping local identity. At different stage, many methods like discussion, training and crowdfunding have been used to embed local knowledge and cultivate collective spirit, which has effectively cultivated social capital. This paper suggests that professional planners take two-way learning with local villagers, collaborate with the village committee and improve their administration capability.
引文
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[24]Wang Xu,Wang Xiaoming,Wu Jingxia,et al.Social Network Analysis of Actors in Rural Development:A Case Study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China[J].Growth and Change2017,48(4):869-882.
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[26]Melish Tara J.Maximum Feasible Participation of the Poor New Governance,New Accountability,and a 21st Century War on the Sources of Poverty[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2014(13):1-125.
[27]威廉·洛尔,张纯.从地方到全球:美国社区规划100年[J].国际城市规划,2011,26(2):85-98.
[2]刘沛林.新型城镇化建设中“留住乡愁”的理论与实践探索[J].地理研究,2015,34(7):1205-1212.
[3]Liu Yansui,Li Yuheng.Revitalize the world's countryside[J].Nature,2017,7667(548):275-277.
[4]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.
[5]胡中应.社会资本视角下的乡村振兴战略研究[J].经济问题,2018(5):53-58.
[6]龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):581-590.
[7]乔杰,洪亮平.从“关系”到“社会资本”:论我国乡村规划的理论困境与出路[J].城市规划学刊,2017,236(4):81-89.
[8]施雪华,林畅.社会资本视角下的中国乡村治理研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2008(2):1-4.
[9]孟莹,戴慎志,文晓斐.当前我国乡村规划实践面临的问题与对策[J].规划师,2015,2(31):143-147.
[10]孙君,王佛全.五山模式--一个建设社会主义新农村的典型标本[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[11]帅庆.社会资本与乡村治理[J].江西社会科学,2011,2(31):200-205.
[12]Wilson Patricia A.Building Social Capital:A Learning Agenda for the Twenty-frst Century[J].Urban Studies,1997,5(34):745-760.
[13]李惠破,杨雪冬.社会资本与社会发展[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
[14]Pronyk Paul M.,Harpham Trudy,Busza Joanna,et al.Can social capital be intentionally generated?A randomized trial from rural South Africa.[J].Social Science&Medicine,2008,67(10):1559-1570.
[15]吴光芸.社会主义新农村建设:将社会资本纳入分析视角[J].现代经济探讨,2007(2):36-40.
[16]牛喜霞,谢树芳.新农村建设:重建农村社会资本的路径选择[J].江西社会科学,2006(11):132-136.
[17]洪亮平,乔杰.规划视角下乡村认知的逻辑与框架[J].城市发展研究,2016,1(23):4-12.
[18]吴良镛,武廷海.从战略规划到行动计划--中国城市规划体制初论[J].城市规划,2003,27(12):13-17.
[19]王红.引入行动规划改进规划实施效果[J].城市规划,2005,29(4):41-46.
[20]张庭伟.社会资本社区规划及公众参与[J].城市规划,1999(10):23-26.
[21]魏成,韦灵琛,邓海萍,等.社会资本视角下的乡村规划与宜居建设[J].规划师,2016,32(05):124-130.
[22]聂飞.当前我国农村社会资本培育研究[J].广东农业科学2010,37(1):234-236.
[23]吴光芸.培育乡村社会资本:解决农村集体行动困境的内源基础[J].广东行政学院学报,2007,19(1):31-34.
[24]Wang Xu,Wang Xiaoming,Wu Jingxia,et al.Social Network Analysis of Actors in Rural Development:A Case Study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China[J].Growth and Change2017,48(4):869-882.
[25]姜雷,陈敬良.作为行动过程的社区规划:目标与方法[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(6):13-17.
[26]Melish Tara J.Maximum Feasible Participation of the Poor New Governance,New Accountability,and a 21st Century War on the Sources of Poverty[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2014(13):1-125.
[27]威廉·洛尔,张纯.从地方到全球:美国社区规划100年[J].国际城市规划,2011,26(2):85-98.