不同盐碱度对紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响
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摘要
以内蒙古河套地区非、轻、中、重度盐碱地上种植的初花期(10%植株开花)紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)进行刈割,设置0～2cm、2～5cm、5～8cm、8～11cm,4个留茬高度。通过测定其草产量及营养指标,旨在研究不同盐碱度对其生产性能及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)中度及重度盐碱地草产量、茎叶比、粗蛋白(CP)、干物质(DM)、相对饲用价值(RFV)均显著低于非盐碱及轻度盐碱(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)均显著高于非盐碱及轻度盐碱(P<0.05);(2)留茬高度0～2cm、5～8cm、8～11cm,轻度盐碱紫花苜蓿草产量显著高于非、中、重度盐碱(P<0.05);(3)留茬高度0～2cm、2～5cm,轻度盐碱紫花苜蓿茎叶比、DM、CP、RFV值与非盐碱无明显差异(P>0.05)。综合表明,中度及重度盐碱会使苜蓿产量下降,降低植株内营养物质成分。轻度盐碱显著增加了紫花苜蓿草产量。
The aim of this study was to research the effects of different saline-alkali(non, light, moderate, heavy) on the growth, yield and quality of alfalfa. Alfalfa was grown in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia in 2018, harvested at the early flowering stage(10% flowering) with four stubble height(0～2 cm, 2～5 cm, 5～8 cm and 8～11 cm).The main results are as follows.(1)The yield, stem-to-leaf ratio, crude protein(CP), dry matter(DM) and relative feeding value(RFV) of moderate and heavy saline-alkali soil were significantly lower than those of non-and light saline-alkali soil(P<0.05), while the neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) of moderate and heavy saline-alkali soil were significantly higher than those of non-and light saline-alkali soil(P<0.05).(2) Under light saline-alkali soil condition, the yield of alfalfa plants with stubble height of 0～2 cm, 5～8 cm and 8～11 cm was significantly higher than that under non, medium and heavy saline-alkali conditions(P<0.05).(3) There was no significant difference in stem-leaf ratio, DM, CP and RFV of alfalfa plants with stubble of 0～2 cm and 2～5 cm between non-and light saline-alkali soil conditions(P>0.05). In conclusion, moderate and heavy saline-alkali resulted in the decrease of alfalfa yield and nutrient composition, slight saline-alkali significantly increased the yield of alfalfa.
The aim of this study was to research the effects of different saline-alkali(non, light, moderate, heavy) on the growth, yield and quality of alfalfa. Alfalfa was grown in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia in 2018, harvested at the early flowering stage(10% flowering) with four stubble height(0～2 cm, 2～5 cm, 5～8 cm and 8～11 cm).The main results are as follows.(1)The yield, stem-to-leaf ratio, crude protein(CP), dry matter(DM) and relative feeding value(RFV) of moderate and heavy saline-alkali soil were significantly lower than those of non-and light saline-alkali soil(P<0.05), while the neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) of moderate and heavy saline-alkali soil were significantly higher than those of non-and light saline-alkali soil(P<0.05).(2) Under light saline-alkali soil condition, the yield of alfalfa plants with stubble height of 0～2 cm, 5～8 cm and 8～11 cm was significantly higher than that under non, medium and heavy saline-alkali conditions(P<0.05).(3) There was no significant difference in stem-leaf ratio, DM, CP and RFV of alfalfa plants with stubble of 0～2 cm and 2～5 cm between non-and light saline-alkali soil conditions(P>0.05). In conclusion, moderate and heavy saline-alkali resulted in the decrease of alfalfa yield and nutrient composition, slight saline-alkali significantly increased the yield of alfalfa.
引文
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[23] 高显颖.不同浓度盐碱胁迫对水稻生长及生理生态特性影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.Gao Xianying.Effect of saline-alkali stress on growth and physiological ecology of rice in different concentrations[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2014.
[24] 王秀芹,徐媛婧,高杰,等.土壤盐碱度对小麦主要农艺性状和产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2018,(7):123-128.Wang Xiuqin,Xu Yuanjing,Gao Jie,et al.Effects of soil salinity on main agronomic traits and yield of wheat[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2018,(7):123-128.
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[2] 李彬,王志春,孙志高,等.中国盐碱地资源与可持续利用研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,(2):154-158.Li Bin,Wang Zhichun,Sun Zhigao,et al.Resources and sustainable resource exploitation of salinized land in China[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,(2):154-158.
[3] 何文义,于涛,蔡玉梅.盐碱地的治理与利用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(S1):158-160.He Wenyi,Yu Tao,Cai Yumei.Analysis of control and use of alkaline soil[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2010,29(S1):158-160.
[4] 刘东霞,刘贵河,杨志敏.种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):48-57.Liu Dongxia,Liu Guihe,Yang Zhimin.The effects of planting and harvesting factors on hay yield and stem-leaf ratio of Medicago sativa[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):48-57.
[5] 张曙光,李跃进,刘慧,等.微量元素对河套地区盐碱地苜蓿生长及品质的影响[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(3):43-48.Zhang Shuguang,Li Yuejin,Liu Hui,et al.Effects of trace elements on the growth and quality of alfalfa in saline soil in Hetao area[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture,2017,45(3):43-48.
[6] 李金彪,刘广明,陈金林,等.不同物料掺拌对滨海重度盐土的改良效果研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(6):1481-1485.Li Jinbiao,Liu Guangming,Chen Jinlin,et al.The effect of different amendments on amelioration of coastal heavy saline soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(6):1481-1485.
[7] 成启明,格根图,尹强,等.苜蓿干草捆安全贮藏条件的研究[J].草业学报,2018,27(5):190-200.Cheng Qiming,Ge Gentu,Yin Qiang,et al.Effect of moisture,bale density and CaO on storage life and quality of alfalfa hay[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(5):190-200.
[8] 熊雪,罗建川,魏雨其,等.不均匀盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2072-2083.Xiong Xue,Luo Jianchuan,Wei Yuqi,et al.Effects of non-uniform salt stress on growth characteristics of alfalfa[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(11):2072-2083.
[9] 张昆,康俊梅,龙瑞才,等.盐碱胁迫条件下中苜3号紫花苜蓿高效共生根瘤菌筛选[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(1):9-16.Zhang Kun,Kang Junmei,Long Ruicai,et al.Screening of highly-effective rhizobial strains in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.cv.Zhongmu No.3) under salinity and alkalinity stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(1):9-16.
[10] 杨劲松,姚荣江,王相平,等.河套平原盐碱地生态治理和生态产业发展模式[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7059-7063.Yang Jinsong,Yao Rongjiang,Wang Xiangping,et al.Research on ecological management and ecological industry development model of saline-alkali land in the Hetao Plain[J].China Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7059-7063.
[11] 吴星月,姚红丽,王北南,等.沧州盐碱地紫花苜蓿根际促生细菌的筛选[J].草业科学,2017,34(11):2211-2217.Wu Xingyue,Yao Hongli,Wang Beinan,et al.Screening of plant growth-promoting bacteria in alfalfa grownin saline in Cangzhou,Hebei Province[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(11):2211-2217.
[12] 赵霞,叶林.盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长、品质及光合特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(21):176-180.Zhao Xia,Ye Lin.Effects of saline-alkali stress on growth,quality and photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(21):176-180.
[13] 郝凤,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.混合盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿苗期氮磷吸收及生理特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1268-1274.Hao Feng,Liu Xiaojing,Zhang Xiaolei,et al.Effect of complex saline-alkali stress on nitrogen and phosphorus absorptionv and physiological traits of alfalfa seedlings[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(5):1268-1274.
[14] Schonher J.Water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes:the effect of pH and cations on diffusion,hydrodynamic permeability and size of polar pores in cutin matrix[J].Planta,1976,29(128):113-126
[15] 张丽英.饲草分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].中国农业大学出版社,2016.Zhang Liying.Feed analysis and quality test technology[M].China Agricultural University Press,2016.
[16] 尹强.苜蓿干草调制贮藏技术时空异质性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.Yin Qiang.Study on spatial and temporal heterogeneity of alfalfa hay making and storing technology[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2013.
[17] 都帅,尤思涵,刘燕,等.不同刈割时期与刈割高度对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):874-878.Du Shuai,You Sihan,Liu Yan,et al.Effect of different clipping periods and heights on alfalfa quality[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(4):874-878.
[18] 侯美玲,刘庭玉,孙林,等.华北地区紫花苜蓿适宜刈割物候期及留茬高度的研究[J].草原与草业,2016,28(2):43-51.Hou Meiling,Liu Tingyu,Sun Lin,et al.Study on mowing phenophase and stubble height of alfalfa hay in north China[J].Grassland and Prataculture,2016,28(2):43-51.
[19] 李松阳,王晓丽,马玉寿,等.6个紫花苜蓿品种在柴达木盆地盐碱地适应性研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2017,47(6):21-26.Li Songyang,Wang Xiaoli,Ma Yushou,et al.The adaptability research of six Medicago sativa varieties in qaidam basin saline-alkali land[J].Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2017,47(6):21-26.
[20] 张延林,李天银,马银生,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种在河西走廊盐碱地的适应性研究[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(2):32-37.Zhang Yanlin,Li Tianyin,Ma Yinsheng,et al.Study on adaptability of different alfalfa varieties to saline-alkali soil in Hexi Corridor,Gansu Province [J].Grassland and Turf,2015,35(2):32-37.
[21] 董洁,董秋丽,夏方山,等.不同盐碱度对菊芋光合特性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(4):42-47.Dong Jie,Dong Qiuli,Xia Fangshan,et al.Effects of different saline grassland on the photosynthetic characteristics of helianthus tuberosus L[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2012,34(4):42-47.
[22] 刘洋.不同甜菜品种对盐碱胁迫的生理生化响应[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.Liu Yang.Physiological and biochemical responses of different varieties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under saline-alkali stress[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.
[23] 高显颖.不同浓度盐碱胁迫对水稻生长及生理生态特性影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.Gao Xianying.Effect of saline-alkali stress on growth and physiological ecology of rice in different concentrations[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2014.
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