封育对荒漠草原枯落物蓄积量的影响
|
摘要
为了深入研究围栏封育和围栏放牧两种利用方式对荒漠草原植物向土壤养分归还的影响,以宁夏盐池县3个成对封育围栏和放牧围栏(放牧率分别为0. 58、0. 65、0. 80只羊·hm~(-2))为研究对象,利用样线调查法、方差分析法对两种利用方式在灰钙土和风沙土土壤基质下枯落物的蓄积量、不同生活型植物的枯落物含量及影响因子的研究,探讨了枯落物蓄积量对草原利用方式与土壤基质的响应。结果表明:①围封对枯落物蓄积量具显著影响。荒漠草原封育围栏枯落物蓄积量在53. 2～141. 9 g·m~(-2),是其放牧围栏的2. 82倍。②灰钙土上封育围栏枯落物蓄积量是放牧围栏的3. 86倍,但两种围栏在风沙土上的枯落物蓄积量却没有显著差别。③与地上生物量相比,草本植物在枯落物蓄积量结构中的下降以及灌木在蓄积量中的增加,可能是分解转化难易程度导致的。
In this study,the line intercept method and variance analysis were used to analyze the effects of closing grazing and fenced grazing on the soil nutrient content in desert steppe. The litter amount over two soil matrixes (aeolian sand soil and sierozem) in three-paired enclosure plots and fenced grazing plots fenced for different years in Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were studied,where the grazing rates were 0. 58,0. 65 and 0. 80 sheep· hm~(-2). respectively. The response of litter accumulation to grassland utilization and soil matrix was discussed. The results showed that: ① There was a significant effect of enclosure on the litter amount in the community. The litter amount in the enclosure plots in desert steppe varied in a range of 53. 2-141. 9 g·m~(-2),and it was 2. 82 times of that in the fenced grazing plots; ② There was no significant difference in litter amount between the two kinds of plots on the aeolian sandy soil; on sierozem,however,the litter amount in the enclosure plot was 3. 86 times of that in the fenced grazing plot; ③ Compared with the above-ground biomass,the reduction of litter amount of herbaceous plants and the increase of litter amount of shrub plants may be caused by the difference of decomposition and transformation.
In this study,the line intercept method and variance analysis were used to analyze the effects of closing grazing and fenced grazing on the soil nutrient content in desert steppe. The litter amount over two soil matrixes (aeolian sand soil and sierozem) in three-paired enclosure plots and fenced grazing plots fenced for different years in Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were studied,where the grazing rates were 0. 58,0. 65 and 0. 80 sheep· hm~(-2). respectively. The response of litter accumulation to grassland utilization and soil matrix was discussed. The results showed that: ① There was a significant effect of enclosure on the litter amount in the community. The litter amount in the enclosure plots in desert steppe varied in a range of 53. 2-141. 9 g·m~(-2),and it was 2. 82 times of that in the fenced grazing plots; ② There was no significant difference in litter amount between the two kinds of plots on the aeolian sandy soil; on sierozem,however,the litter amount in the enclosure plot was 3. 86 times of that in the fenced grazing plot; ③ Compared with the above-ground biomass,the reduction of litter amount of herbaceous plants and the increase of litter amount of shrub plants may be caused by the difference of decomposition and transformation.
引文
[1]施爽，郭继勋．松嫩草原三种主要植物群落枯落物层生态水文功能[J]．应用生态学报，2007,18(8):1 722-1 726．[Shi Shuang,Guo Jixun.Ecohydrological functions of litter in three main plant communities on Songnen grassland[J]．Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(8):1 722-1 726．]
[2]侯东杰，乔鲜果，高趁光，等．内蒙古典型草原枯落物的生态水文效应[J]．草地学报，2018,26(3):559-565．[Hou Dongjie,Qiao Xianguo,Gao Chenguang,et al.Hydro-ecological effects of litter in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]．Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,26(3):559-565．]
[3]Jean F P.Humus forms in terrestrial ecosystems:A framework to biodiversity[J]．Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(7):935-945．
[4]Pierre A,JeanF P,AndréF,et al.Diversity and dynamics of eco-units in the biological reserves of the Fontainebleau Forest(France):Contribution of soil biology to a functional approach[J]．European Journal of Soil Biology,1998,34(4):935-945．
[5]Andrine Salmon,Jérome Mantel,Lorenzo Frizzera,et al.Changes in humus forms and soil animal communities in two developmental phases of norway spruce on an acidic substrate[J]．Forest Ecology and Management,2006,237(1):47-56．
[6]郭继勋，祝廷成．羊草草原生态系统的分解者与枯枝落叶分解的研究[J]．草业学报，1994,3(1):13-17．[Guo Jixun,Zhu Tingcheng.Study on litter decomposition and decomposer of Leymus chinensis ecosystem[J]．Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1994,3(1):13-17．]
[7]尹承军，黄德华，陈佐忠．内蒙古典型草原4种植物凋落物分解速率与气候因子之间的定量关系[J]．生态学报，1994,14(2):149-154．[Yin Chengjun,Huang Dehua,Chen Zuozhong.Quantitative relationship between litter decomposition rate and climatic factors of four plant species in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]．Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(2):149-154．]
[8]Jean T,Fabrice B,Alain Bet.Does moder development along a pure beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)chronosequence result from changes in litter production or in decomposition rates[J]．Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(7):1 490-1 497．
[9]程积民，邹厚远．封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响[J]．水土保持研究，1998,5(1):36-54．[Cheng Jimin,Zou Houyuan.Effect of projective cutting and grazing on the vegetation of grassland[J]．Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,5(1):36-54．]
[10]李学斌，陈林，吴秀玲，等．荒漠草原4种典型植物群落枯落物分解速率及影响因素[J]．生态学报，2015,35(12):4 105-4 114．[Li Xuebin,Chen Lin,Wu Xiuling,et al.Litter decomposition rates and influencing factors of four typical plant communities in desert steppe[J]．Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(12):4 105-4 114．]
[11]刘秀梅，李小锋．围栏封育对新疆山地退化草原植物群落特征的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2017,34(5):1 077-1 082．[Liu Xiumei,Li Xiaofeng.Effects of enclosure on plant community characters of degenerated steppe in Xinjiang[J]．Arid Zone Research,2017,34(5):1 077-1 082．]
[12]王悦，王立红，王德凯，等．放牧对矮锦鸡儿种子生产的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2018,35(3):648-652．[Wang Yue,Wang Lihong,Wang Dekai,et al.Effects of grazing on the seed production of Caragana pygmaea[J]．Arid Zone Research,2018,35(3):648-652．]
[13]李凌浩，王堃，斯琴毕力格．新时期我国草地环境科学发展战略的思考[J]．草地学报，2012,20(2):199-206．[Li Linghao,Wang Kun,Si Qinbilige.Perspectives on the new-era strategies for advancing grassland ecology&environmental studies in China[J]．Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(2):199-206．]
[14]孙慧珍，国庆喜，周晓峰．植物功能型分类标准及方法[J]．东北林业大学学报，2004,32(2):81-83．[Sun Huizhen,Guo Qingxi,Zhou Xiaofeng.Classification attribute and approach of plant functional types[J]．Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2004,32(2):81-83．]
[15]李燕燕，樊后保，刘文飞，等．模拟N沉降对杉木人工林枯落物养分的影响[J]．南昌工程学院学报，2013,32(6):21-24．[Li Yanyan,Fan Houbao,Liu Wenfei,et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition on litter nutrient in Chinese fir plantations[J]．Journal of Nanchang Institute of Technology,2013,32(6):21-24．]
[16]张晓曦，刘增文，邴塬皓，等．黄土丘陵区针叶纯林养分循环和枯落物分解导致土壤极化风险分析[J]．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2014,42(9):48-54,62．[Zhang Xiaoxi,Liu Zengwen,Bing Yuanhao,et al.Risk analysis of soil polarization due to nutrient cycling and litter decay in pure coniferous forests in the Loess Hilly Area[J]．Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(9):48-54,62．]
[17]于雯超，赵建宁，李刚，等．内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原3种主要植物凋落物分解特征[J]．草地学报，2014,22(3):502-510．[Yu Wenchao,Zhao Jianning,Li Gang,et al.Litter decompositios of three dominant plant in the Stipa baicalensis grassland of Inner Mongolia[J]．Acta Agrestia sinica,2014,22(3):502-510．]
[18]闫玉春，唐海萍，常瑞英，等．典型草原群落不同围封时间下植被、土壤差异研究[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2008,22(2):145-151．[Yan Yuchun,Tang Haiping,Chang Ruiying,et al.The study on vegetation and soil differences of typical grassland communities under different enclosure time[J]．Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2008,22(2):145-151．]
[19]初晓辉，谢勇，单贵莲，等．放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]．草地学报，2017,25(5):939-945．[Chu Xiaohui,Xie Yong,Shan Guilian,et al.Effect of management patterns on community structure and species diversity of subalpine meadow of the Southern Margin of Tibetan Plateau[J]．Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(5):939-945．]
[20]魏文俊，尤文忠，赵刚，等．退化柞蚕林封育对枯落物和表层土壤持水效能的影响[J]．生态学报，2016,36(3):721-728．[Wei Wenjun,You Wenzhong,Zhao Gang,et al.Effects of enclosure and recovery for degraded tussah-feeding oak forests on litter and surface soil water holding capacity characteristics[J]．Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(3):721-728．]
[21]都乐，张真，阿立．围封禁牧对草场植被群落恢复作用分析[J]．环境与发展，2017,29(4):211-213．[Du Le,Zhang Zhen,A Li.Enclosed grazing prohibition preliminary analysis of the pasture vegetation recovery effect[J]．Environment and Development,2017,29(4):211-213．]
[22]陈浩．放牧对青藏高原草地植被群落特征及土壤理化特性的影响[D]．杨凌:西北农林科技大学，2012．[Chen Hao.Effects of Grazing on Grassland Vegetation Community Characteristics and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[D]．Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012．]
[2]侯东杰，乔鲜果，高趁光，等．内蒙古典型草原枯落物的生态水文效应[J]．草地学报，2018,26(3):559-565．[Hou Dongjie,Qiao Xianguo,Gao Chenguang,et al.Hydro-ecological effects of litter in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]．Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,26(3):559-565．]
[3]Jean F P.Humus forms in terrestrial ecosystems:A framework to biodiversity[J]．Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(7):935-945．
[4]Pierre A,JeanF P,AndréF,et al.Diversity and dynamics of eco-units in the biological reserves of the Fontainebleau Forest(France):Contribution of soil biology to a functional approach[J]．European Journal of Soil Biology,1998,34(4):935-945．
[5]Andrine Salmon,Jérome Mantel,Lorenzo Frizzera,et al.Changes in humus forms and soil animal communities in two developmental phases of norway spruce on an acidic substrate[J]．Forest Ecology and Management,2006,237(1):47-56．
[6]郭继勋，祝廷成．羊草草原生态系统的分解者与枯枝落叶分解的研究[J]．草业学报，1994,3(1):13-17．[Guo Jixun,Zhu Tingcheng.Study on litter decomposition and decomposer of Leymus chinensis ecosystem[J]．Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1994,3(1):13-17．]
[7]尹承军，黄德华，陈佐忠．内蒙古典型草原4种植物凋落物分解速率与气候因子之间的定量关系[J]．生态学报，1994,14(2):149-154．[Yin Chengjun,Huang Dehua,Chen Zuozhong.Quantitative relationship between litter decomposition rate and climatic factors of four plant species in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]．Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(2):149-154．]
[8]Jean T,Fabrice B,Alain Bet.Does moder development along a pure beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)chronosequence result from changes in litter production or in decomposition rates[J]．Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(7):1 490-1 497．
[9]程积民，邹厚远．封育刈割放牧对草地植被的影响[J]．水土保持研究，1998,5(1):36-54．[Cheng Jimin,Zou Houyuan.Effect of projective cutting and grazing on the vegetation of grassland[J]．Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,5(1):36-54．]
[10]李学斌，陈林，吴秀玲，等．荒漠草原4种典型植物群落枯落物分解速率及影响因素[J]．生态学报，2015,35(12):4 105-4 114．[Li Xuebin,Chen Lin,Wu Xiuling,et al.Litter decomposition rates and influencing factors of four typical plant communities in desert steppe[J]．Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(12):4 105-4 114．]
[11]刘秀梅，李小锋．围栏封育对新疆山地退化草原植物群落特征的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2017,34(5):1 077-1 082．[Liu Xiumei,Li Xiaofeng.Effects of enclosure on plant community characters of degenerated steppe in Xinjiang[J]．Arid Zone Research,2017,34(5):1 077-1 082．]
[12]王悦，王立红，王德凯，等．放牧对矮锦鸡儿种子生产的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2018,35(3):648-652．[Wang Yue,Wang Lihong,Wang Dekai,et al.Effects of grazing on the seed production of Caragana pygmaea[J]．Arid Zone Research,2018,35(3):648-652．]
[13]李凌浩，王堃，斯琴毕力格．新时期我国草地环境科学发展战略的思考[J]．草地学报，2012,20(2):199-206．[Li Linghao,Wang Kun,Si Qinbilige.Perspectives on the new-era strategies for advancing grassland ecology&environmental studies in China[J]．Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(2):199-206．]
[14]孙慧珍，国庆喜，周晓峰．植物功能型分类标准及方法[J]．东北林业大学学报，2004,32(2):81-83．[Sun Huizhen,Guo Qingxi,Zhou Xiaofeng.Classification attribute and approach of plant functional types[J]．Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2004,32(2):81-83．]
[15]李燕燕，樊后保，刘文飞，等．模拟N沉降对杉木人工林枯落物养分的影响[J]．南昌工程学院学报，2013,32(6):21-24．[Li Yanyan,Fan Houbao,Liu Wenfei,et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition on litter nutrient in Chinese fir plantations[J]．Journal of Nanchang Institute of Technology,2013,32(6):21-24．]
[16]张晓曦，刘增文，邴塬皓，等．黄土丘陵区针叶纯林养分循环和枯落物分解导致土壤极化风险分析[J]．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2014,42(9):48-54,62．[Zhang Xiaoxi,Liu Zengwen,Bing Yuanhao,et al.Risk analysis of soil polarization due to nutrient cycling and litter decay in pure coniferous forests in the Loess Hilly Area[J]．Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(9):48-54,62．]
[17]于雯超，赵建宁，李刚，等．内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原3种主要植物凋落物分解特征[J]．草地学报，2014,22(3):502-510．[Yu Wenchao,Zhao Jianning,Li Gang,et al.Litter decompositios of three dominant plant in the Stipa baicalensis grassland of Inner Mongolia[J]．Acta Agrestia sinica,2014,22(3):502-510．]
[18]闫玉春，唐海萍，常瑞英，等．典型草原群落不同围封时间下植被、土壤差异研究[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2008,22(2):145-151．[Yan Yuchun,Tang Haiping,Chang Ruiying,et al.The study on vegetation and soil differences of typical grassland communities under different enclosure time[J]．Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2008,22(2):145-151．]
[19]初晓辉，谢勇，单贵莲，等．放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]．草地学报，2017,25(5):939-945．[Chu Xiaohui,Xie Yong,Shan Guilian,et al.Effect of management patterns on community structure and species diversity of subalpine meadow of the Southern Margin of Tibetan Plateau[J]．Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(5):939-945．]
[20]魏文俊，尤文忠，赵刚，等．退化柞蚕林封育对枯落物和表层土壤持水效能的影响[J]．生态学报，2016,36(3):721-728．[Wei Wenjun,You Wenzhong,Zhao Gang,et al.Effects of enclosure and recovery for degraded tussah-feeding oak forests on litter and surface soil water holding capacity characteristics[J]．Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(3):721-728．]
[21]都乐，张真，阿立．围封禁牧对草场植被群落恢复作用分析[J]．环境与发展，2017,29(4):211-213．[Du Le,Zhang Zhen,A Li.Enclosed grazing prohibition preliminary analysis of the pasture vegetation recovery effect[J]．Environment and Development,2017,29(4):211-213．]
[22]陈浩．放牧对青藏高原草地植被群落特征及土壤理化特性的影响[D]．杨凌:西北农林科技大学，2012．[Chen Hao.Effects of Grazing on Grassland Vegetation Community Characteristics and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[D]．Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012．]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |