PM2.5暴露致机体损伤及其机制研究进展
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摘要
近年来,大气污染日益严重,细颗粒物(PM2.5)作为大气颗粒物的主要成分之一,对人们的日常生活造成了极大的影响,对人类的身体健康更是造成了严重的危害。如今,PM2.5成为了国内外学者的研究热点,深入研究PM2.5对机体的损伤作用及其机制,可为有效预防与治疗人类相关疾病提供理论依据。本文从人群流行病学调查、细胞实验和动物实验三方面回顾PM2.5对呼吸系统、心血管系统、免疫系统和中枢神经系统等机体各系统的损伤作用,其次从氧化应激、炎症反应、免疫紊乱、DNA损伤和遗传毒性、信号通路改变五方面总结归纳PM2.5对机体的损伤机制,并对当前研究中遗留的不足以及未来的研究方向进行了探讨。
The rapid growing of atmospheric pollution has been a significant issue in recent years. As the main component of atmospheric particulates, the PM2.5 is responsible for the serious human health damage, which has attracted great attention of world 's researchers. The study of organism injury and the underlying mechanisms caused by PM2.5 can provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and therapies of related diseases. This article reviews the damages of PM2.5 to respiratory system, cardiovascular system, immune system and central nervous system from the aspects of population epidemiology investigation, cell experiment and animal experiment. We further summarize the molecular mechanisms regulating the organism injury including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, immune disorder, DNA damage and genetic toxicity as well as signal pathway changes. Discussions on the deficiency of current research and future research directions are developed for better understanding the health risk of PM2.5.
The rapid growing of atmospheric pollution has been a significant issue in recent years. As the main component of atmospheric particulates, the PM2.5 is responsible for the serious human health damage, which has attracted great attention of world 's researchers. The study of organism injury and the underlying mechanisms caused by PM2.5 can provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and therapies of related diseases. This article reviews the damages of PM2.5 to respiratory system, cardiovascular system, immune system and central nervous system from the aspects of population epidemiology investigation, cell experiment and animal experiment. We further summarize the molecular mechanisms regulating the organism injury including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, immune disorder, DNA damage and genetic toxicity as well as signal pathway changes. Discussions on the deficiency of current research and future research directions are developed for better understanding the health risk of PM2.5.
引文
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[8]朱一丹,魏建荣,黄露,等.不同大气污染程度地区学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状发生的比较[J].北京大学学报:医学版,2015,47(3):395-399Zhu Y D,Wei J R,Huang L,et al.Comparison of respiratory diseases and symptoms among school-age children in areas with different levels of air pollution[J].Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences,2015,47(3):395-399(in Chinese)
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