宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区建立前后区域生态脆弱性时空格局变化研究
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摘要
以宁夏贺兰山为研究对象,基于VSD模型从暴露、敏感、适应三方面构建指标体系,通过SERV模型进行生态脆弱性评估,定量测度了1988和2013年国家级自然保护区建立前后宁夏贺兰山生态脆弱性的时空格局。结果表明:保护区建立25年后,宁夏贺兰山生态脆弱性明显降低,生态脆弱性分级指数从7.4下降至5.3,区域生态环境由原先的强度脆弱为主降低为中度脆弱。空间上来看,生态脆弱性整体呈现中部高四周低的分布格局。其中极度和重度脆弱区大范围减少,主要转化为中度和轻度脆弱区,但仍有部分中度和轻度脆弱区转化为极度和重度脆弱区。本研究有助于全面掌握宁夏贺兰山的生态脆弱程度及时空分异特性,对识别关键脆弱环境因子、提高生态环境治理具有重要意义。
The index system was built to assess the vulnerability of spatial and temporal pattern before and after the establishment of national nature reserve in 1988 and 2013 by taking Helan Mountain of Ningxia as the case area. The index system was based on VSD model from three aspects of exposure, sensitive and adaptive capability, and regional ecological vulnerability assessment was developed from SERV model. The results showed that: the ecological vulnerability was reduced significantly after the establishment of the National Nature Reserve for 25 years. The ecological vulnerability classification index decreased from 7.4 to 5.3, and regional ecological environment was recovered from mainly severe vulnerable to moderately vulnerable. According to the spatial distribution, the ecological vulnerability distribution pattern showed that the vulnerability index was high in central and low around. The extreme and severe vulnerable areas were largely reduced,mainly into moderate and mild areas. But there were still some moderate and the mild areas being extreme and severe vulnerable areas. This study benefited to understand comprehensively the ecological fragile degree and the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of the Helan Mountain of Ningxia. It was of great significance to identify key environmental factors and improve the ecological environment governance.
The index system was built to assess the vulnerability of spatial and temporal pattern before and after the establishment of national nature reserve in 1988 and 2013 by taking Helan Mountain of Ningxia as the case area. The index system was based on VSD model from three aspects of exposure, sensitive and adaptive capability, and regional ecological vulnerability assessment was developed from SERV model. The results showed that: the ecological vulnerability was reduced significantly after the establishment of the National Nature Reserve for 25 years. The ecological vulnerability classification index decreased from 7.4 to 5.3, and regional ecological environment was recovered from mainly severe vulnerable to moderately vulnerable. According to the spatial distribution, the ecological vulnerability distribution pattern showed that the vulnerability index was high in central and low around. The extreme and severe vulnerable areas were largely reduced,mainly into moderate and mild areas. But there were still some moderate and the mild areas being extreme and severe vulnerable areas. This study benefited to understand comprehensively the ecological fragile degree and the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of the Helan Mountain of Ningxia. It was of great significance to identify key environmental factors and improve the ecological environment governance.
引文
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[22]覃志豪.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):456-466.
[23]郑元润,周广胜.基于NDVI的中国天然森林植被净第一性生产力模型[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):9-12.
[24]于忠臣,杨长保.基于Landsat TM数据的长白山西部NPP估算[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(12):7374-7374.
[25]魏晓旭,赵军,魏伟,等.中国县域单元生态脆弱性时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):726-739.
[26]FRAZIER T G,THOMPSON C M,DEZZANI R J,et al.Aframework for the development of the SERV model:ASpatially Explicit Resilience-Vulnerability model[J].Applied Geography,2014,51:158-172.
[27]雷波,焦峰,王志杰,等.黄土丘陵区不同植被带典型小流域生态脆弱性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(5):149-159.
[28]王瑞燕,赵庚星,周伟,等.县域生态环境脆弱性评价及其动态分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3790-3799.
[29]黄方,刘湘南,张养贞.GIS支持下的吉林省西部生态环境脆弱态势评价研究[J].地理科学,2003,23(1):95-100.
[30]LI A,WANG A,LIANG S,et al.Eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation in mountainous region using remote sensing and GIS-a case study in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2006,192(1):175-187.
[31]刘文玲,尹建国.浅析宁夏贺兰山东麓矿山地质环境恢复治理对策[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(12):221-221.
[32]李玉武,徐友宁,张江华.宁夏“三区两线”露天矿山复绿对策[J].宁夏工程技术,2015,14(4):380-383.
[33]马克平.当前我国自然保护区管理中存在的问题与对策思考[J].生物多样性,2016,24(3):249-251.
[34]姚雄,余坤勇,刘健,等.南方水土流失严重区的生态脆弱性时空演变[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):735-745.
[35]时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,等.自然遗产地生态脆弱性分析与评价——以托木尔区域为例[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):318-328.
[2]吴健生,宗敏丽,彭建.基于景观格局的矿区生态脆弱性评价——以吉林省辽源市为例[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3213-3220.
[3]李平星,樊杰.基于VSD模型的区域生态系统脆弱性评价——以广西西江经济带为例(英文)[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2014,5(2):163-170.
[4]高江波,侯文娟,赵东升,等.基于遥感数据的西藏高原自然生态系统脆弱性评估[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):580-587.
[5]ACOSTA-MICHLIK L,ESPALDON V.Assessing vulnerability of selected farming communities in the Philippines based on a behavioural model of agent's adaptation to global environmental change[J].Global Environmental Change,2008,18(4):554-563.
[6]PATTERSON T,GULDEN T,COUSINS K,et al.Integrating environmental,social and economic systems:a dynamic model of tourism in Dominica[J].Ecological Modelling,2004,175(2):121-136.
[7]POLSKY C,NEFF R,YARNAL B.Building comparable global change vulnerability assessments:The vulnerability scoping diagram[J].Global Environmental Change,2007,17(3):472-485.
[8]陈佳,杨新军,尹莎,等.基于VSD框架的半干旱地区社会-生态系统脆弱性演化与模拟[J].地理学报,2016,71(7):1172-1188.
[9]金山.宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区植物多样性及其保护研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[10]王小明.宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区综合科学考察[M].银川:阳光出版社,2011.
[11]黄建毅,刘毅,马丽,等.国外脆弱性理论模型与评估框架研究评述[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(5):1-5.
[12]IPCC.Special Report on Emissions Scenarios(SRES)[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2010.
[13]ROBERTS M G,YANG G A.The international progress of sustainable development research:A comparison of vulnerability analysis and the sustainable livelihoods approach[J].Progress in Geography,2003,22(1):11-21.
[14]TURNER B L,KASPERSON R E,MATSON PA,et al.Aframework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science[J].Proceedings of the national academy of sciences,2003,100(14):8074-8079.
[15]SMIT B,WANDEL J.Adaptation,adaptive capacity and vulnerability[J].Global environmental change,2006,16(3):282-292.
[16]ADGER W N.Vulnerability[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16(3):268-281.
[17]刘康,欧阳志云,王效科,等.甘肃省生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2711-2718.
[18]马真臻,王忠静,顾艳玲,等.中国西北干旱区自然保护区生态脆弱性评价——以甘肃西湖,苏干湖自然保护区为例[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):253-259.
[19]裴欢,房世峰,覃志豪,等.干旱区绿洲生态脆弱性评价方法及应用研究——以吐鲁番绿洲为例[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2013,38(5):528-532.
[20]左伟,王桥,王文杰,等.区域生态安全评价指标与标准研究[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):67-71.
[21]廖炜,李璐,吴宜进,等.丹江口库区土地利用变化与生态环境脆弱性评价[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(11):1879-1889.
[22]覃志豪.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):456-466.
[23]郑元润,周广胜.基于NDVI的中国天然森林植被净第一性生产力模型[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):9-12.
[24]于忠臣,杨长保.基于Landsat TM数据的长白山西部NPP估算[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(12):7374-7374.
[25]魏晓旭,赵军,魏伟,等.中国县域单元生态脆弱性时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):726-739.
[26]FRAZIER T G,THOMPSON C M,DEZZANI R J,et al.Aframework for the development of the SERV model:ASpatially Explicit Resilience-Vulnerability model[J].Applied Geography,2014,51:158-172.
[27]雷波,焦峰,王志杰,等.黄土丘陵区不同植被带典型小流域生态脆弱性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(5):149-159.
[28]王瑞燕,赵庚星,周伟,等.县域生态环境脆弱性评价及其动态分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3790-3799.
[29]黄方,刘湘南,张养贞.GIS支持下的吉林省西部生态环境脆弱态势评价研究[J].地理科学,2003,23(1):95-100.
[30]LI A,WANG A,LIANG S,et al.Eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation in mountainous region using remote sensing and GIS-a case study in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2006,192(1):175-187.
[31]刘文玲,尹建国.浅析宁夏贺兰山东麓矿山地质环境恢复治理对策[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(12):221-221.
[32]李玉武,徐友宁,张江华.宁夏“三区两线”露天矿山复绿对策[J].宁夏工程技术,2015,14(4):380-383.
[33]马克平.当前我国自然保护区管理中存在的问题与对策思考[J].生物多样性,2016,24(3):249-251.
[34]姚雄,余坤勇,刘健,等.南方水土流失严重区的生态脆弱性时空演变[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):735-745.
[35]时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,等.自然遗产地生态脆弱性分析与评价——以托木尔区域为例[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):318-328.
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