水肥一体化氮磷钾不同用量对茄子产量和品质的影响
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摘要
本试验以茄子‘布利塔’嫁接苗为材料,共设6个氮磷钾施用水平,以不施肥为对照(CK),通过水肥一体化-膜下滴灌技术分秋冬茬和冬春茬进行设施茄子栽培,探究氮磷钾用量对茄子产量和品质的影响。结果表明,果实品质综合评分和产量均随施肥量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,秋冬茬果实品质综合评分以氮磷钾肥减量40%和减量20%处理较高,冬春茬以100%氮磷钾用量处理最高;两茬茄子均以100%氮磷钾用量处理下产量较高,但秋冬茬中氮磷钾减量40%、减量20%、100%用量和增量20%处理没有显著差异,冬春茬中氮磷钾肥减量20%、100%用量和增量20%处理间产量差异亦不显著。因此,水肥一体化条件下,从节约肥水且不对茄子产量和品质产生重要影响方面考虑,秋冬茬(从定植后生育天数为115 d)优质高产设施茄子栽培适宜氮磷钾用量范围分别为N 150.10～250.16 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5 126.08～210.14 kg·hm~(-2)和K_2O 328.71～547.86 kg·hm~(-2);冬春茬(从定植后生育天数为130 d)分别为N 233.29～291.62kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5 146.67～244.44 kg·hm~(-2)和K_2O 507.76～634.70 kg·hm~(-2)。
Effects of application amount of different N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O [six levels of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O and no fertilizer as control(CK) ] on yield and quality of eggplants by fertigation-drip irrigation technology under films in autumn-winter crop and winter-spring crop were studied, using grafted 'Brigitte' as experiment material. The results showed that the comprehensive score of fruit quality and yield increased first and then decreased with the increasing of fertilization amount,the comprehensive score of fruit quality was higher under treatments of reduction 40% and reduction 20% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount in autumn-winter crop, and treatment of 100% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount was the highest in winter-spring crop; the yield of treatment of 100% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount was higher in both crops, but there was no significant difference between treatments of reduction 40%, reduction 20%, 100% and increment 20% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount in autumn-winter crop and between treatments of reduction 20%, 100% and increment 20% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount in winter-spring crop. In summary, on behalf of saving water and fertilizer and without affecting yield and quality, the appropriate application amounts of fertilizers to obtain high quality and high yield of eggplants were N 150.10～250.16 kg·hm~(-2), P_2O_5 126.08～210.14 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2 O 328.71～547.86 kg·hm~(-2) in autumn-winter crop(115 d after planting) and N233.29～291.62 kg·hm~(-2), P_2O_5 146.67～244.44 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2 O 507.76～634.70 kg·hm~(-2) in winter-spring crop(130 d after planting) respectively.
Effects of application amount of different N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O [six levels of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O and no fertilizer as control(CK) ] on yield and quality of eggplants by fertigation-drip irrigation technology under films in autumn-winter crop and winter-spring crop were studied, using grafted 'Brigitte' as experiment material. The results showed that the comprehensive score of fruit quality and yield increased first and then decreased with the increasing of fertilization amount,the comprehensive score of fruit quality was higher under treatments of reduction 40% and reduction 20% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount in autumn-winter crop, and treatment of 100% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount was the highest in winter-spring crop; the yield of treatment of 100% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount was higher in both crops, but there was no significant difference between treatments of reduction 40%, reduction 20%, 100% and increment 20% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount in autumn-winter crop and between treatments of reduction 20%, 100% and increment 20% of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O amount in winter-spring crop. In summary, on behalf of saving water and fertilizer and without affecting yield and quality, the appropriate application amounts of fertilizers to obtain high quality and high yield of eggplants were N 150.10～250.16 kg·hm~(-2), P_2O_5 126.08～210.14 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2 O 328.71～547.86 kg·hm~(-2) in autumn-winter crop(115 d after planting) and N233.29～291.62 kg·hm~(-2), P_2O_5 146.67～244.44 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2 O 507.76～634.70 kg·hm~(-2) in winter-spring crop(130 d after planting) respectively.
引文
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[11]陈凤真.氮磷钾用量及配比对黄瓜矿质元素吸收和产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(6):174-180
[12]赵锴,李瑾,徐宁.氮磷钾配施对洋葱产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):558-563
[13] Dinnes DL, Karlen DL, Jaynes DB, et al. Review and interpretation:nitrogen management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching in tile-drained Midwestern soils[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2002,94(1):153-171
[14] Rampino P, Pataleo S, Gerardi C, et al. Drought stress response in wheat:physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes[J]. Plant, Cell&Environment, 2006,29(12):2143-2152
[15]黄东风,王果,李卫华,等.不同施肥模式对蔬菜生长、氮肥利用及模拟土柱氮素淋失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):48-52
[16]段亮,段增强,常江.地表管理与施肥方式对太湖流域旱地氮素流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):813-818
[17]张燕燕,唐懋华,缪其松,等.不同施肥处理对秋植茄子生长及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):33-37
[18]黄巧义,卢钰升,唐拴虎,等.茄子氮磷钾养分效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(28):279-285
[19] Feleafel MN, Mirdad ZM. Optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertigation rates and frequency for eggplant in arid regions[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 2013,15(4):737-742
[20]陈震.茄子优化施肥方案及对氮磷钾吸收分配规律的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016
[21]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002
[22]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007
[23]宋春凤,徐坤.氮钾配施对芋头产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):167-170
[24]石健,李炜蔷,侯丽丽,等.氮磷钾配施对大葱产量及养分吸收利用特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015(6):847-852
[25]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):468-475
[26]王寅,汪洋,鲁剑巍,等.直播和移栽冬油菜生长和产量形成对氮磷钾肥的响应差异[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):132-142
[27]蔡瑞国,张敏,戴忠民,等.施氮水平对优质小麦旗叶光合特性和子粒生长发育的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):49-55
[28]刘连涛,李存东,孙红春,等氮素水平对棉花不同部位叶片衰老的生理效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):910-914
[29]郑炳松,蒋德安,翁晓燕,等.钾营养对水稻剑叶光合作用关键酶活性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2001,27(5):489-494
[30]孙骏威,翁晓燕,李峤,等.缺钾对水稻不同品种光合和能量耗散的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):577-584
[31]陈华,刘孟君,刘如霞.不同施肥水平对菜用马铃薯农艺性状及营养品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(2):220-226
[32]罗凡,龚雪蛟,张厅,等.氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):147-155
[33]吴建繁,王运华,贺建德.京郊保护地番茄氮磷钾肥料效应及其吸收分配规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):409-416
[34]程季珍,亢青选,张春霞,等.山西省菜田土壤养分状况及主要蔬菜的平衡施肥[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):117-122
[2]李冬梅,魏珉,张海森,等.氮、磷、钾用量和配比对温室黄瓜叶片相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):382-387
[3]孙清,梁成华,袁振宏,等.氮磷钾配施对甜高粱总糖和生物量的影响[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(2):252-255
[4]曾宇,雷雅丽,李京,等.氮、磷、钾用量与种植密度对油菜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):146-153
[5]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.基于ASI法的长江流域冬油菜区土壤有效磷、钾、硼丰缺指标研究[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2028-2033
[6]何俊平,张书芬,王建平,等.氮磷钾配比对不同肥力土壤油菜产量与经济性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(36):41-46
[7]梁锦秀,郭鑫年,张国辉,等.氮磷钾用量对宁南旱地马铃薯产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(6):76-81
[8]林洪鑫,袁展汽,刘仁根,等.不同氮磷钾处理对木薯产量、养分积累、利用及经济效益的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1457-1465
[9]袁亭亭,宋小艺,王忠宾,等.嫁接与施肥对番茄产量及氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):131-136
[10]张德军.氮磷钾配施对温室秋冬茬番茄产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(4):61-63
[11]陈凤真.氮磷钾用量及配比对黄瓜矿质元素吸收和产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(6):174-180
[12]赵锴,李瑾,徐宁.氮磷钾配施对洋葱产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):558-563
[13] Dinnes DL, Karlen DL, Jaynes DB, et al. Review and interpretation:nitrogen management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching in tile-drained Midwestern soils[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2002,94(1):153-171
[14] Rampino P, Pataleo S, Gerardi C, et al. Drought stress response in wheat:physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes[J]. Plant, Cell&Environment, 2006,29(12):2143-2152
[15]黄东风,王果,李卫华,等.不同施肥模式对蔬菜生长、氮肥利用及模拟土柱氮素淋失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):48-52
[16]段亮,段增强,常江.地表管理与施肥方式对太湖流域旱地氮素流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):813-818
[17]张燕燕,唐懋华,缪其松,等.不同施肥处理对秋植茄子生长及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):33-37
[18]黄巧义,卢钰升,唐拴虎,等.茄子氮磷钾养分效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(28):279-285
[19] Feleafel MN, Mirdad ZM. Optimizing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertigation rates and frequency for eggplant in arid regions[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 2013,15(4):737-742
[20]陈震.茄子优化施肥方案及对氮磷钾吸收分配规律的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016
[21]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002
[22]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007
[23]宋春凤,徐坤.氮钾配施对芋头产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):167-170
[24]石健,李炜蔷,侯丽丽,等.氮磷钾配施对大葱产量及养分吸收利用特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015(6):847-852
[25]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):468-475
[26]王寅,汪洋,鲁剑巍,等.直播和移栽冬油菜生长和产量形成对氮磷钾肥的响应差异[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):132-142
[27]蔡瑞国,张敏,戴忠民,等.施氮水平对优质小麦旗叶光合特性和子粒生长发育的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):49-55
[28]刘连涛,李存东,孙红春,等氮素水平对棉花不同部位叶片衰老的生理效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):910-914
[29]郑炳松,蒋德安,翁晓燕,等.钾营养对水稻剑叶光合作用关键酶活性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2001,27(5):489-494
[30]孙骏威,翁晓燕,李峤,等.缺钾对水稻不同品种光合和能量耗散的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):577-584
[31]陈华,刘孟君,刘如霞.不同施肥水平对菜用马铃薯农艺性状及营养品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(2):220-226
[32]罗凡,龚雪蛟,张厅,等.氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):147-155
[33]吴建繁,王运华,贺建德.京郊保护地番茄氮磷钾肥料效应及其吸收分配规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):409-416
[34]程季珍,亢青选,张春霞,等.山西省菜田土壤养分状况及主要蔬菜的平衡施肥[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):117-122