天津滨海湿地碱地肤种子萌发和幼苗生长对环境的适应
|
摘要
为了探究滨海湿地中碱地肤对环境的适应性,在天津滨海湿地采集碱地肤种子,实验室条件下,设置不同的盐度、水淹深度和干扰胁迫,采用多因子交互实验,分析不同影响因子对碱地肤种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:适宜的盐度(10 g/kg)和干扰均能够促进碱地肤种子的萌发,水淹(3 cm)则会抑制萌发.盐度、水淹和干扰胁迫均会导致碱地肤幼苗的株高、根长和叶片数降低,即抑制幼苗的生长.多因子方差分析结果表明,盐度、水淹和干扰对种子萌发、株高和根长的影响均达到了显著水平;3个因子中,只有水淹会显著影响碱地肤幼苗的叶片数.由此认为,碱地肤植被恢复过程中,应尽量避免水淹,在种子萌发阶段可以进行适度干扰.
To investigate the adaptability of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana(Pall.)ulbr. to environment of coastal wetlands,the seeds of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana collected in Tianjin Coastal Wetland were planted in laboratory. The different levels of salinity,waterlogging stress and disturbance were set up and multifactor interaction experiments were proceeded to analyze the influence of different environmental factors on the germination and growth of Kochia scoparia var.sieversiana. The results showed that slightly higher salinity(10 g/kg) and certain degree of disturbance increased seed germination rate of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana,while the waterlogging stress(3 cm) can inhibit the seed germination.The salinity,waterlogging stress and disturbance all can decrease the plant height,root length and the number of leaves,i.e. the three kinds of stress can inhibit the seedling growth of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana. The results of multifactor interaction experiments showed that the influences of three environmental factors on the germination rate,plant height and root length reached significant levels,and only the waterlogging stress can significantly influence the number of leaves. On conclusion,during the Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana vegetation restoration process,the waterlogging stress should be avoided,and suitable disturbance can be adopted during the seed germination.
To investigate the adaptability of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana(Pall.)ulbr. to environment of coastal wetlands,the seeds of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana collected in Tianjin Coastal Wetland were planted in laboratory. The different levels of salinity,waterlogging stress and disturbance were set up and multifactor interaction experiments were proceeded to analyze the influence of different environmental factors on the germination and growth of Kochia scoparia var.sieversiana. The results showed that slightly higher salinity(10 g/kg) and certain degree of disturbance increased seed germination rate of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana,while the waterlogging stress(3 cm) can inhibit the seed germination.The salinity,waterlogging stress and disturbance all can decrease the plant height,root length and the number of leaves,i.e. the three kinds of stress can inhibit the seedling growth of Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana. The results of multifactor interaction experiments showed that the influences of three environmental factors on the germination rate,plant height and root length reached significant levels,and only the waterlogging stress can significantly influence the number of leaves. On conclusion,during the Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana vegetation restoration process,the waterlogging stress should be avoided,and suitable disturbance can be adopted during the seed germination.
引文
[1]尹德洁,荆瑞,关海燕,等.天津滨海新区湿地耐盐植物分布与土壤化学因子的相关关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(8):103-115.YIN D J,JING R,GUAN H Y,et al. Correlations between the distribution of salt-tolerant plants and soil chemical factors in wetland of Tianjin Coastal New Area,northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(8):103-115(in Chinese).
[2]莫训强,李洪远,郝翠,等.天津市滨海新区湿地优势植物区系特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):79-83.MO X Q,LI H Y,HAO C,et al. Floral characteristics of dominant plants in Tianjin Coastal New Area wetland[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,29(6):79-83(in Chinese).
[3]陈国平,程珊珊,刘静,等.天津滨海湿地3种典型群落土壤理化性质及碳氮差异性分析[J].植物研究,2015,35(3):406-411.CHEN G P,CHEN S S,LIU J,et al. Physical-chemical properties of soil,C and N of three typical communities in Tianjin Coastal wetland[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(3):406-411(in Chinese).
[4]樊彦丽,田淑芳.天津市滨海新区湿地景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].地球环境学报,2018,9(5):497-507.FAN Y L,TIAN S F. Wetland landscape changes and its driving factors in Binhai New Area of Tianjin[J]. Journal of Earth Environment,2018,9(5):497-507(in Chinese).
[5]任建武,田翠杰,胡青,等.天津滨海新区湿地野生植物资源调查与分析[J].林业资源管理,2012,2:90-95.REN J W,TIAN C J,HU Q,et al. Investigation and analysis of wild plant resources in natural wetland of Binhai New District,Tianjin[J].Forest Resources Management,2012,2:90-95(in Chinese).
[6] MA Y,GUO L Q,WANG H X,et al. Accumulation,distribution,and physiological contribution of oxalic acid and other solutes in an alkaliresistant forage plant,Kochia sieversiana,during adaptation to saline and alkaline conditions[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2011,174(4):655-663.
[7]杨允菲,张宏一,张宝田.松嫩平原碱化草甸天然碱地肤种群的密度制约规律[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(1):23-33.YANG Y F,ZHANG H Y,ZHANG B T. Density-dependent rule of natural Kochia sieversiana population in an alkaline meadow in the Songnen Plain of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1994,18(1):23-33(in Chinese).
[8]武之新,纪剑勇.碱地肤耐盐性研究初报[J].植物生态学报,1989,13(1):79-83.WU Z X,JI J Y. A preliminary study of salt tolerance in Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1989,13(1):79-83(in Chinese).
[9] KHAN M A,GUL B,WEBER D J. Seed germination of Kochia scoparia under saline conditions:Responses with germination regulating chemicals[J]. Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(6):2933-2941.
[10]贾娜尔·阿汗,杨春武,石德成.盐生植物碱地肤对盐碱胁迫的生理响应特点[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(1):79-84.JIANAER A H,YANG C W,SHI D C. Physiological response of an alkali resistant halophyte Kochia sieversiana to salt and alkali stresses[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(1):79-84(in Chinese).
[11]徐金英,陈海梅,王晓龙.水深对湿地植物生长和繁殖影响研究进展[J].湿地科学,2016,14(5):725-732.XU J Y,CHEN H M,WANG X L. A review on water depth effect on the growth and reproduction of plants in the wetlands[J]. Wetland Science,2016,14(5):725-732(in Chinese).
[12] HEDGES L V,GUREVITCH J,CURTIS P S. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology[J]. Ecology,1999,80(4):1150-1156.
[13] LAJEUNESSE M J. On the meta-analysis of response ratios for studies with correlated and multi-group designs[J]. Ecology,2011,92(11):2049-2055.
[14]颜宏,赵伟,秦峰梅,等.盐碱胁迫对碱地肤、地肤种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(4):117-123.YAN H,ZHAO W,QING F M,et al. Effects of saline-alkaline stress salt on the germination and seedlings of Kochia sieversiana and Kochia scoparia[J]. Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science),2006,38(4):117-123(in Chinese).
[15]张建伟,盖无双,卓祖闯,等. NaCl胁迫对野生地肤萌芽和幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(21):5480-5488.ZHANG J W,GAI W S,ZHUO Z C,et al. Effect of NaCl stress on the seed germination and seedling growth of belvedere fruit[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(21):5480-5488(in Chinese).
[16]曲冰冰.混合盐碱胁迫对碱地肤生长的影响及统计学分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007.QU B B. Effects of Salt-Alkaline Mixed Stresses on Growth of Kochia sieversia and Statistical Analysis[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2007(in Chinese).
[17]刘波,吕宪国,姜明,等.光照、水深交互作用对松嫩湿地芦苇种子萌发的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(6):616-620.LIU B,LYU X G,JIANG M,et al. Effects of light and water depth on seed germination of Phragmites australis in the wetlands of Songnen Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(6):616-620(in Chinese).
[18]王秋林,陈静蕊,程平生.湿地植物灰化苔草对淹水的生态响应[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(1):24-29.WANG Q L,CHEN J R,CHENG P S. Response of Carex cinerascens to waterlogging stress[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(1):24-29(in Chinese).
[19]肖强,郑海雷,叶文景,等.水淹对互花米草生长及生理的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1025-1028.XIAO Q,ZHENG H L,YE W J,et al. Effect of flooding on the growth and physiology of Spartina alterniflora[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(9):1025-1028(in Chinese).
[20]王浩东,高芳磊,郭宏宇,等.盐度、水淹深度和践踏胁迫下七里海湿地盐地碱蓬种子的幼苗出土率和生长特点[J].湿地科学,2017,15(2):250-255.WANG H D,GAO F L,GUO H Y,et al. Percentage of seed germination and growth characters of seedling of Suaeda salsa in Qilihai Wetlands under stresses of salinity,water-logging depth and trampling disturbance[J]. Wetland Science,2017,15(2):250-255(in Chinese).
[21]张希彪,上官周平.人为干扰对黄土高原子午岭油松人工林土壤物理性质的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3685-3695.ZHANG X B,SHANGGUAN Z P. Effect of human-induced disturbance on physical properties of soil in artificial Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.forests of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(11):3685-3695(in Chinese).
[2]莫训强,李洪远,郝翠,等.天津市滨海新区湿地优势植物区系特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):79-83.MO X Q,LI H Y,HAO C,et al. Floral characteristics of dominant plants in Tianjin Coastal New Area wetland[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,29(6):79-83(in Chinese).
[3]陈国平,程珊珊,刘静,等.天津滨海湿地3种典型群落土壤理化性质及碳氮差异性分析[J].植物研究,2015,35(3):406-411.CHEN G P,CHEN S S,LIU J,et al. Physical-chemical properties of soil,C and N of three typical communities in Tianjin Coastal wetland[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(3):406-411(in Chinese).
[4]樊彦丽,田淑芳.天津市滨海新区湿地景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].地球环境学报,2018,9(5):497-507.FAN Y L,TIAN S F. Wetland landscape changes and its driving factors in Binhai New Area of Tianjin[J]. Journal of Earth Environment,2018,9(5):497-507(in Chinese).
[5]任建武,田翠杰,胡青,等.天津滨海新区湿地野生植物资源调查与分析[J].林业资源管理,2012,2:90-95.REN J W,TIAN C J,HU Q,et al. Investigation and analysis of wild plant resources in natural wetland of Binhai New District,Tianjin[J].Forest Resources Management,2012,2:90-95(in Chinese).
[6] MA Y,GUO L Q,WANG H X,et al. Accumulation,distribution,and physiological contribution of oxalic acid and other solutes in an alkaliresistant forage plant,Kochia sieversiana,during adaptation to saline and alkaline conditions[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2011,174(4):655-663.
[7]杨允菲,张宏一,张宝田.松嫩平原碱化草甸天然碱地肤种群的密度制约规律[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(1):23-33.YANG Y F,ZHANG H Y,ZHANG B T. Density-dependent rule of natural Kochia sieversiana population in an alkaline meadow in the Songnen Plain of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1994,18(1):23-33(in Chinese).
[8]武之新,纪剑勇.碱地肤耐盐性研究初报[J].植物生态学报,1989,13(1):79-83.WU Z X,JI J Y. A preliminary study of salt tolerance in Kochia scoparia var. sieversiana[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1989,13(1):79-83(in Chinese).
[9] KHAN M A,GUL B,WEBER D J. Seed germination of Kochia scoparia under saline conditions:Responses with germination regulating chemicals[J]. Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(6):2933-2941.
[10]贾娜尔·阿汗,杨春武,石德成.盐生植物碱地肤对盐碱胁迫的生理响应特点[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(1):79-84.JIANAER A H,YANG C W,SHI D C. Physiological response of an alkali resistant halophyte Kochia sieversiana to salt and alkali stresses[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(1):79-84(in Chinese).
[11]徐金英,陈海梅,王晓龙.水深对湿地植物生长和繁殖影响研究进展[J].湿地科学,2016,14(5):725-732.XU J Y,CHEN H M,WANG X L. A review on water depth effect on the growth and reproduction of plants in the wetlands[J]. Wetland Science,2016,14(5):725-732(in Chinese).
[12] HEDGES L V,GUREVITCH J,CURTIS P S. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology[J]. Ecology,1999,80(4):1150-1156.
[13] LAJEUNESSE M J. On the meta-analysis of response ratios for studies with correlated and multi-group designs[J]. Ecology,2011,92(11):2049-2055.
[14]颜宏,赵伟,秦峰梅,等.盐碱胁迫对碱地肤、地肤种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(4):117-123.YAN H,ZHAO W,QING F M,et al. Effects of saline-alkaline stress salt on the germination and seedlings of Kochia sieversiana and Kochia scoparia[J]. Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science),2006,38(4):117-123(in Chinese).
[15]张建伟,盖无双,卓祖闯,等. NaCl胁迫对野生地肤萌芽和幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(21):5480-5488.ZHANG J W,GAI W S,ZHUO Z C,et al. Effect of NaCl stress on the seed germination and seedling growth of belvedere fruit[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(21):5480-5488(in Chinese).
[16]曲冰冰.混合盐碱胁迫对碱地肤生长的影响及统计学分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007.QU B B. Effects of Salt-Alkaline Mixed Stresses on Growth of Kochia sieversia and Statistical Analysis[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2007(in Chinese).
[17]刘波,吕宪国,姜明,等.光照、水深交互作用对松嫩湿地芦苇种子萌发的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(6):616-620.LIU B,LYU X G,JIANG M,et al. Effects of light and water depth on seed germination of Phragmites australis in the wetlands of Songnen Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(6):616-620(in Chinese).
[18]王秋林,陈静蕊,程平生.湿地植物灰化苔草对淹水的生态响应[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(1):24-29.WANG Q L,CHEN J R,CHENG P S. Response of Carex cinerascens to waterlogging stress[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(1):24-29(in Chinese).
[19]肖强,郑海雷,叶文景,等.水淹对互花米草生长及生理的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1025-1028.XIAO Q,ZHENG H L,YE W J,et al. Effect of flooding on the growth and physiology of Spartina alterniflora[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(9):1025-1028(in Chinese).
[20]王浩东,高芳磊,郭宏宇,等.盐度、水淹深度和践踏胁迫下七里海湿地盐地碱蓬种子的幼苗出土率和生长特点[J].湿地科学,2017,15(2):250-255.WANG H D,GAO F L,GUO H Y,et al. Percentage of seed germination and growth characters of seedling of Suaeda salsa in Qilihai Wetlands under stresses of salinity,water-logging depth and trampling disturbance[J]. Wetland Science,2017,15(2):250-255(in Chinese).
[21]张希彪,上官周平.人为干扰对黄土高原子午岭油松人工林土壤物理性质的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3685-3695.ZHANG X B,SHANGGUAN Z P. Effect of human-induced disturbance on physical properties of soil in artificial Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.forests of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(11):3685-3695(in Chinese).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |