长三角地区贸易开放度与雾霾污染的关系研究
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摘要
在加强大气污染防治、打赢蓝天保卫战的行动规划指导下,探寻贸易与环境间的协调机制变得尤为重要。文章基于1998—2016年长三角地区三省一市的面板数据,在考虑内生性问题的条件下,采用工具变量法进行2SLS回归估计,研究贸易开放度对雾霾污染的影响。实证结果表明,长三角地区贸易开放度的提高将会加重雾霾污染水平,且出口开放度的影响效应大于进口,"污染避风港假说"在该区是成立的。此外,长三角地区人均收入和雾霾污染之间呈现正"U"型关系。针对上述结论,文章给出了合理的解释,并从贸易开放、产业结构、公众意识等方面提出有关雾霾治理的政策性建议。
Under the guidance of action plans to strengthen the prevention of air pollution and win the blue sky defense war, it is particularly important to explore the coordination mechanism between trade and environment. Based on the panel data of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region from 1998 to 2016, this paper studies the impact of trade openness on haze pollution by means of 2 SLS regression estimation under the condition of considering the endogenous problem. The empirical results show that the increase of trade openness in the Yangtze River Delta region will aggravate the level of haze pollution, and the effect of export openness is greater than that of import. The "Pollution Shelter Hypothesis" is established in this region. In addition, there is a positive "U" type relationship between per capita income and haze pollution in the Yangtze River Delta. In view of the above conclusions, this paper gives a reasonable explanation and puts forward policy recommendations on haze governance from the aspects of trade openness, industrial structure and public awareness.
Under the guidance of action plans to strengthen the prevention of air pollution and win the blue sky defense war, it is particularly important to explore the coordination mechanism between trade and environment. Based on the panel data of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region from 1998 to 2016, this paper studies the impact of trade openness on haze pollution by means of 2 SLS regression estimation under the condition of considering the endogenous problem. The empirical results show that the increase of trade openness in the Yangtze River Delta region will aggravate the level of haze pollution, and the effect of export openness is greater than that of import. The "Pollution Shelter Hypothesis" is established in this region. In addition, there is a positive "U" type relationship between per capita income and haze pollution in the Yangtze River Delta. In view of the above conclusions, this paper gives a reasonable explanation and puts forward policy recommendations on haze governance from the aspects of trade openness, industrial structure and public awareness.
引文
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[9]康雨.贸易开放程度对雾霾的影响分析——基于中国省级面板数据的空间计量研究[J].经济科学,2016(1):114-125.
[10]刘修岩,董会敏.出口贸易加重还是缓解中国的空气污染——基于PM2.5和SO2数据的实证检验[J].财贸研究,2017(1):76-84.
[11]Frankel J. A, Romer D. Does trade cause growth?[J]. American Economic Review, 1999, 89(3):379-399.
[12]Donkelaar A V, Martin R V, Brauer M, et al. Global estimates of average ground-level fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118(10):847-855.
[13]冯南平,杨善林.产业转移对区域自主创新能力的影响分析——来自中国的经验证据[J].经济学动态,2012(8):70-74.
[14]邵帅,李欣,曹建华,等.中国雾霾污染治理的经济政策选择——基于空间溢出效应的视角[J].经济研究,2016(9):73-88.
[15]马丽君,郭留留,龙茂兴,等. 1994年来中国入境旅游与对外贸易重心演变及其相关分析[J].经济地理,2015(11):198-204.
[2]Antweiler W, Copeland B R, Taylor M S. Is free trade good for the environment?[J]. American Economic Review, 2001, 91(4):877-908.
[3]Copeland B R, Taylor M S. North-South trade and the environment[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1994, 109(3):755-787.
[4]Cole M A, Rayner A J, Bates J M. Trade liberalization and the environment:The case of the Uruguay Round[J]. World Economy, 1998, 21(3):337-347.
[5]占华,于津平.贸易开放对我国环境污染影响效应的实证检验——基于我国省际动态面板数据的系统GMM分析[J].当代经济科学,2015(1):39-46.
[6]代丽华,金哲松,林发勤.贸易开放是否加剧了环境质量恶化——基于中国省级面板数据的检验[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(7):56-61.
[7]周茂荣,祝佳.贸易自由化对我国环境的影响——基于ACT模型的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008(4):211-215.
[8]邓柏盛,宋德勇.我国对外贸易、FDI与环境污染之间关系的研究:1995—2005[J].国际贸易问题,2008(4):101-108.
[9]康雨.贸易开放程度对雾霾的影响分析——基于中国省级面板数据的空间计量研究[J].经济科学,2016(1):114-125.
[10]刘修岩,董会敏.出口贸易加重还是缓解中国的空气污染——基于PM2.5和SO2数据的实证检验[J].财贸研究,2017(1):76-84.
[11]Frankel J. A, Romer D. Does trade cause growth?[J]. American Economic Review, 1999, 89(3):379-399.
[12]Donkelaar A V, Martin R V, Brauer M, et al. Global estimates of average ground-level fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118(10):847-855.
[13]冯南平,杨善林.产业转移对区域自主创新能力的影响分析——来自中国的经验证据[J].经济学动态,2012(8):70-74.
[14]邵帅,李欣,曹建华,等.中国雾霾污染治理的经济政策选择——基于空间溢出效应的视角[J].经济研究,2016(9):73-88.
[15]马丽君,郭留留,龙茂兴,等. 1994年来中国入境旅游与对外贸易重心演变及其相关分析[J].经济地理,2015(11):198-204.